[BS-25] IOS中手势UIGestureRecognizer概述

 IOS中手势UIGestureRecognizer概述

 

一、概述

iPhone中处理触摸屏的操作,在3.2之前是主要使用的是由UIResponder而来的如下4种方式:

 - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

但是这种方式甄别不同的手势操作实在是麻烦,需要你自己计算做不同的手势分辨。后来苹果就给出了一个比较简便的方式,就是使用UIGestureRecognizer。

 

二、UIGestureRecognizer

利用UIGestureRecognizer,能轻松识别用户在某个view上面做的一些常见手势。UIGestureRecognizer是一个抽象的基类,定义了所有手势的基本行为,不能直接使用。需使用UIGestureRecognizer的子类才能处理具体的手势,具体如下:

UITapGestureRecognizer //(敲击)

UIPinchGestureRecognizer //(捏合,用于缩放)

UIPanGestureRecognizer //(拖拽)

UISwipeGestureRecognizer //(轻扫)

UIRotationGestureRecognizer //(旋转)

UILongPressGestureRecognizer //(长按)

 

从名字上我们就能知道, Tap(点击)、Pinch(捏合)、Rotation(旋转)、Swipe(滑动,快速移动,是用于监测滑动的方向的)、Pan (拖移,慢速移动,是用于监测偏移的量的)以及 LongPress(长按)。

举个例子,可以在viewDidLoad函数里面添加: 

-(void) viewDidLoad  
{  
 [super viewDidLoad];  
 // Do any additional setup after loading the view from its nib.  
 UIPanGestureRecognizer *panRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePanFrom:)];  
 [self.view addGestureRecognizer:panRecognizer];//关键语句,给self.view添加一个手势监测;  
 panRecognizer.maximumNumberOfTouches = 1;  
 panRecognizer.delegate = self;  
 [panRecognizer release];  
}  

其它手势方法类似。

其核心就是设置delegate和在需要手势监测的view上使用addGestureRecognizer添加指定的手势监测。

当然要记得在作为delegate的view的头文件加上<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>。

 

 

不过有些手势是关联的,怎么办呢?例如 Tap 与 LongPress、Swipe与 Pan,或是 Tap 一次与Tap 兩次。

手势识别是具有互斥的原则的,比如单击和双击,如果它识别出一种手势,其后的手势将不被识别。所以对于关联手势,要做特殊处理以帮助程序甄别,应该把当前手势归结到哪一类手势里面。

比如,单击和双击并存时,如果不做处理,它就只能发送出单击的消息。为了能够识别出双击手势,就需要做一个特殊处理逻辑,即先判断手势是否是双击,在双击失效的情况下作为单击手势处理。使用

[A requireGestureRecognizerToFail:B]函数,它可以指定当A手势发生时,即便A已经滿足条件了,也不会立刻触发,会等到指定的手势B确定失败之后才触发。

- (void)viewDidLoad   
{  
    // 单击的 Recognizer  
    UITapGestureRecognizer* singleRecognizer;  
    singleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(SingleTap:)];  
    //点击的次数  
    singleTapRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 1; // 单击  
  
    //给self.view添加一个手势监测;  
  
  [self.view addGestureRecognizer:singleRecognizer];  
  
    
    // 双击的 Recognizer  
    UITapGestureRecognizer* doubleRecognizer = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(DoubleTap:)];  
    doubleRecognizer.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; // 双击  
    //关键语句,给self.view添加一个手势监测;  
    [self.view addGestureRecognizer:doubleRecognizer];  
      
    // 关键在这一行,双击手势确定监测失败才会触发单击手势的相应操作  
    [singleRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleRecognizer];  
    [singleRecognizer release];  
    [doubleRecognizer release];  
}  
  
-(void)SingleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)recognizer  
{  
//处理单击操作  
}  
  
-(void)DoubleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)recognizer  
{  
//处理双击操作  
}  

 

 

三、iphone操作手势的大概种类

1.点击(Tap)
点击作为最常用手势,用于按下或选择一个控件或条目(类似于普通的鼠标点击)、

2.拖动(Drag)
拖动用于实现一些页面的滚动,以及对控件的移动功能。

3.滑动(Flick)
滑动用于实现页面的快速滚动和翻页的功能。

4.横扫(Swipe)
横扫手势用于激活列表项的快捷操作菜单

5.双击(Double Tap)
双击放大并居中显示图片,或恢复原大小(如果当前已经放大)。同时,双击能够激活针对文字编辑菜单。

6.放大(Pinch open)
放大手势可以实现以下功能:打开订阅源,打开文章的详情。在照片查看的时候,放大手势也可实现放大图片的功能。

7.缩小(Pinch close)
缩小手势,可以实现与放大手势相反且对应的功能的功能:关闭订阅源退出到首页,关闭文章退出至索引页。在照片查看的时候,缩小手势也可实现缩小图片的功能。

8.长按(Touch &Hold)
在我的订阅页,长按订阅源将自动进入编辑模式,同时选中手指当前按下的订阅源。这时可直接拖动订阅源移动位置。
针对文字长按,将出现放大镜辅助功能。松开后,则出现编辑菜单。
针对图片长按,将出现编辑菜单。

9.摇晃(Shake)
摇晃手势,将出现撤销与重做菜单。主要是针对用户文本输入的。

 

四、手势识别的状态

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIGestureRecognizerState) {
    // 没有触摸事件发生,所有手势识别的默认状态
    UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible,
    // 一个手势已经开始但尚未改变或者完成时
    UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan,
    // 手势状态改变
    UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged,
    // 手势完成
    UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded,
    // 手势取消,恢复至Possible状态
    UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled, 
    // 手势失败,恢复至Possible状态
    UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed,
    // 识别到手势识别
    UIGestureRecognizerStateRecognized = UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded
};

五、手势应用实例

每一个手势识别器的用法都差不多,比如UITapGestureRecognizer的使用步骤如下;

//创建手势识别器对象
UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] init];

//设置手势识别器对象的具体属性
tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 2; // 连续敲击2次
tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2; // 需要2根手指一起敲击

//添加手势识别器到对应的view上
[self.iconView addGestureRecognizer:tap];

//监听手势的触发
[tap addTarget:self action:@selector(tapIconView:)];



//eg1.敲击实例
@interface GRViewController () 
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *iconView;
@end

@implementation GRViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self testTap2];
}

- (void)testTap2
{
    UIGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapView)];
    tap.delegate = self;
    [self.iconView addGestureRecognizer:tap];
}

#pragma mark - 代理方法
/**
 *  当点击view的时候,会先调用这个方法
 */
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldReceiveTouch:(UITouch *)touch
{
    CGPoint pos = [touch locationInView:touch.view];
    if (pos.x <= self.iconView.frame.size.width * 0.5) {
        return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}

- (void)testTap
{
    // 1.创建手势识别器对象
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] init];
    // 连续敲击2次,手势才能识别成功
    tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;
    tap.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2;

    // 2.添加手势识别器对象到对应的view
    [self.iconView addGestureRecognizer:tap];

    // 3.添加监听方法(识别到了对应的手势,就会调用监听方法)
    [tap addTarget:self action:@selector(tapView)];
}

- (void)tapView
{
    NSLog(@"-----我敲击了屏幕!!");
}

@end


//eg2.长按和轻扫实例

@interface GRViewController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIView *redView;
@end

@implementation GRViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    UISwipeGestureRecognizer *swipe = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipeView)];

    swipe.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionUp;

    [self.redView addGestureRecognizer:swipe];
}

- (void)swipeView
{
    NSLog(@"swipeView");
}

- (void)testLongPress
{
    UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPress = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] init];
    [longPress addTarget:self action:@selector(longPressView)];

    // 至少长按2秒
    longPress.minimumPressDuration = 2;

    // 在触发手势之前,50px范围内长按有效
    longPress.allowableMovement = 50;

    [self.redView addGestureRecognizer:longPress];
}

- (void)longPressView
{
    NSLog(@"长按了红色的view");
}

@end


//eg3. 缩放和旋转实例
@interface GRViewController () 
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *iconView;
@end

@implementation GRViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self testPinchAndRotate];
}

#pragma mark - 手势识别器的代理方法

/**
 *  是否允许多个手势识别器同时有效
 *  Simultaneously : 同时地
 */
- (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
{
    return YES;
}

#pragma mark - 缩放 + 旋转
- (void)testPinchAndRotate
{
    [self testPinch];
    [self testRotate];
}

#pragma mark - 缩放手势(捏合手势)
- (void)testPinch
{
    UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinch = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pinchView:)];
    pinch.delegate = self;
    [self.iconView addGestureRecognizer:pinch];
}

- (void)pinchView:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)pinch
{
    pinch.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(pinch.view.transform, pinch.scale, pinch.scale);
    pinch.scale = 1; // 这个真的很重要!!!
}

#pragma mark - 旋转手势
- (void)testRotate
{
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer *recognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(rotateView:)];
    recognizer.delegate = self;
    [self.iconView addGestureRecognizer:recognizer];
}

- (void)rotateView:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recognizer
{
    recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
    recognizer.rotation = 0; // 这个很重要!!!!!
}
@end

//eg4. 拖拽实例
@interface GRViewController ()
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIView *purpleView;

@end

@implementation GRViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    UIPanGestureRecognizer *pan = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(panView:)];
    [self.purpleView addGestureRecognizer:pan];
}

- (void)panView:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)pan
{

    switch (pan.state) {
        case UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan: // 开始触发手势

            break;

        case UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded: // 手势结束

            break;

        default:
            break;
    }

    // 1.在view上面挪动的距离
    CGPoint translation = [pan translationInView:pan.view];
    CGPoint center = pan.view.center;
    center.x += translation.x;
    center.y += translation.y;
    pan.view.center = center;

    // 2.清空移动的距离
    [pan setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:pan.view];
}

@end

 

参考:http://blog.csdn.net/likendsl/article/details/7554150

 

posted @ 2016-05-23 16:41  stevenwuzheng  阅读(519)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报