Liferay7 BPM门户开发之17: Portlet 生命周期

Portlet 生命周期

init() =〉 render() =〉 processAction() =〉 processEvent() =〉 serveResource() =〉destroy()

  • init()

    在Liferay容器部署portlet时,启动portlet实例化

    init有两个写法:

    •  public void init() throws PortletException
    •  public void init(PortletConfig config) throws PortletException

      PortletConfig对象用于读取portlet配置(定义在portlet.xml)

  • render()

    HTML的UI输出,是最常用到的方法了,一个例子

@Override
 public void render(RenderRequest request, RenderResponse response)
   throws PortletException, IOException {
  _log.info(" 做些你自己定义的事情");
  super.render(request, response);
 }

    值得注意的是:

    • 在render()的一般最后一行,需要写这句:super.render(request,response),如果不写会不能正常工作,会造成GenericPortlet继承链的断裂(render() 在GenericPortlet中被重写);
    • Portlet不能直接访问ServletRequest和ServletResponse;
    • RenderRequest和RenderResponse是接口,继承于PortletRequest和PortletResponse;
    • 如果一个页面有多个Portlets,当每次页面刷新,所有Portlets实例的render()就会被全部调用一次;
    • 有趣的是,Portlet规范并没有一个排序的机制,去安排这些Portlets的render()顺序,这证明了Portlet的独立性,如果要定制开发时序的加载,那必须自己去实现一个GenericPortlet的子类,或者直接扩展MVCPortlet,增加一个加载队列。
  • processAction()

    action 处理,后面再详细介绍,这里只要知道ActionRequest也是一个接口继承

    

  • processEvent()

    监听时间处理

  • serveResource()

    通过resource URL处理资源

  • destroy()

    portlet卸载时的处理

    

Portlet 容器负责的工作

  • 装载portlet类
  • 创建portlet实例
  • 初始化
  • 向portlet实例发送用户请求(request)
  • 销毁实例(当容器卸载portlet)

Portlet和Servlet的区别

见:

Liferay7 BPM门户开发之15: Liferay开发体系简介

 

Portlet类的层次

  • GenericPortlet实现了Portlet接口;
  • LiferayPortlet是GenericPortlet的子类,并且提供了一些额外方法;
  • MVCPortlet继承与LiferayPortlet.提供了用于MVC架构的一些方法;
  • UserCustomPortlet (用户定义portlet)继承与MVCPorrtlet;

 

URLs 传递

  • Portlet在开发调试时不如servlet中那样方便直接,无法定义静态指定地址url,而是通过以下几种方式:
    •   Render URL:call render method,用于界面控制
    •   Action URL:call action method,用于服务调用
    •   Resource URL:call serve resource method,用于访问资源

 

Render 处理

首先,介绍Render URL,有四种方式:

方式1、Portlet Tag (portlet:renderURL)

view.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/portlet_2_0" prefix="portlet" %>

<%@page import="com.liferay.portal.kernel.portlet.LiferayPortletMode"%>
<%@page import="com.liferay.portal.kernel.portlet.LiferayWindowState"%>

<portlet:renderURL var="renderUrl" 
 windowState="<%=LiferayWindowState.NORMAL.toString() %>" copyCurrentRenderParameters="true" portletMode="<%=LiferayPortletMode.VIEW.toString()%>">
 <portlet:param name="param" value="XXXXXX"/>
</portlet:renderURL>
 
<a href="${renderUrl}">RenderURL Created by Portlet Tag</a>
render()
private static final Log _log = LogFactoryUtil.getLog(YourPortlet.class.getName());
 
 @Override
 public void render(RenderRequest request, RenderResponse response)
   throws PortletException, IOException {
  _log.info(" This is render method");
  String data = request.getParameter("param");
  String data1= ParamUtil.getString(request, "param","");
  super.render(request, response);
 }

最终会实际产生以下URL:

http://localhost:8080/web/portletTest/test?

  • p_p_id=renderURLbyportletTag_WAR_renderURLbyportlet
  • &p_p_lifecycle=0
  • &p_p_state=normal
  • &p_p_mode=view
  • &p_p_col_id=column-1
  • &p_p_col_count=1
  • &_renderURLbyportletTag_WAR_renderURLbyportlet_param=XXXXXX

p_p_id 是portlet Id

p_p_lifecycle是生命周期的当前阶段,定义是:0 – render;1 – action;2 – serve resource;

p_p_col_id是多列布局中的当前页第几列;

p_p_col_count是当前页的布局总列数;

最后一个就是用户定自定url参数了,由jsp传递;

 

方式2、PortletURLFactoryUtil 方式

这种是服务端直接控制,jsp基本不用写什么逻辑,后台控比较喜欢用

render()

@Override
public void render(RenderRequest request, RenderResponse response)
  throws PortletException, IOException {
   _log.info(" This is render method of RenderURLByJavaAPIPortlet");
   String data = request.getParameter("param");
   String data1= ParamUtil.getString(request, "param","");
   
   ThemeDisplay themeDisplay = (ThemeDisplay)request.getAttribute(WebKeys.THEME_DISPLAY);
   PortletURL renderUrl =  PortletURLFactoryUtil.create(request, themeDisplay.getPortletDisplay().getId(), themeDisplay.getPlid(), PortletRequest.RENDER_PHASE);
   renderUrl.setWindowState(LiferayWindowState.NORMAL);
   renderUrl.setPortletMode(LiferayPortletMode.VIEW);
   renderUrl.setParameter("param", "This parameter comes from Render URL generated with Java API");
   request.setAttribute("renderUrlByJavaAPI", renderUrl.toString());
   
  super.render(request, response);
 }

其中,plid 是page layout id

在jsp中,只用一行代码:

<a href="${renderUrlByJavaAPI}">Render Url created by Java API</a>

还有一种灵活方式,即可以由jsp来直接输出

<%@ taglib uri="http://liferay.com/tld/theme" prefix="liferay-theme" %>
<liferay-theme:defineObjects/>

<%
 PortletURL renderUrlFromJSP = renderResponse.createRenderURL();
 renderUrlFromJSP.setParameter("param1", "This portletULR is created with API in JSP");
 renderUrlFromJSP.setWindowState(LiferayWindowState.NORMAL);
 renderUrlFromJSP.setPortletMode(LiferayPortletMode.VIEW);
 
%>
<a href="<%=renderUrlFromJSP%>">Render Url created by JSP</a>

 

方式3:Liferay Tag (liferay-portlet:renderURL)

 view.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://liferay.com/tld/portlet" prefix="liferay-portlet" %>
<liferay-portlet:renderURL var="openPortletURL" copyCurrentRenderParameters="true" portletMode="<%=LiferayPortletMode.VIEW.toString() %>" 
  windowState="<%=LiferayWindowState.NORMAL.toString()%>">
  <liferay-portlet:param name="param" value="This is from Liferay TAG"/>
</liferay-portlet:renderURL>
 
<a href="${openPortletURL}">Render Url created by Liferay TAG in JSP</a>

render() 同第一种写法(Portlet Tag方式)

方式4:JavaScript (by AUI)

view.jsp

<%@page import="com.liferay.portal.kernel.portlet.LiferayWindowState"%>
<%@page import="com.liferay.portal.kernel.portlet.LiferayPortletMode"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/portlet_2_0" prefix="portlet" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://liferay.com/tld/aui" prefix="aui" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://liferay.com/tld/theme" prefix="liferay-theme" %>
 
<liferay-theme:defineObjects/>
<portlet:defineObjects />
 
<a id="renderURLWithJS" href=""> This render URL link is created with Javascript</a>
 
<aui:script>
AUI().use('liferay-portlet-url', function(A) {
var renderUrl1 = Liferay.PortletURL.createRenderURL();
renderUrl1.setWindowState("<%=LiferayWindowState.NORMAL.toString() %>");
renderUrl1.setParameter("param","This value comes from Javascript");
renderUrl1.setPortletMode("<%=LiferayPortletMode.VIEW %>");
renderUrl1.setPortletId("<%=themeDisplay.getPortletDisplay().getId() %>");
 
A.one("#renderURLWithJS").set('href',renderUrl1.toString());
alert("renderUrl1 is ->"+renderUrl1.toString());
alert(A.one("#renderURLWithJS").attr("href"));
 
});
 
</aui:script>
 
这种比较不常用

render() 同第一种写法(Portlet Tag方式)

 

action 处理

在涉及页面处理业务逻辑,或其他Portlet交互,或者Form提交Action时,就需要我们定义Action方法,actionURL 就是用来传递Action的id

它是和jsp一对一对应的,比如jsp中:

view.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/portlet_2_0" prefix="portlet" %>
 
<portlet:defineObjects />

User Name is : <b> ${userName}</b>

<portlet:actionURL name="actionMethod1" var="sampleActionMethodURL">
</portlet:actionURL>
 
<form action="${sampleActionMethodURL}" method="post">
    UserName :-<input type="text" name="userName"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="Submit"> 
</form>

 
<portlet:actionURL name="addName" var="addNameUrl"></portlet:actionURL>
 
<a href="${addNameUrl}">Add Name</a>

前提还要定义portlet.xml

portlet.xml首先要定义

<portlet-name>custom-liferaymvc</portlet-name>
<display-name>Custom Liferaymvc</display-name>
<portlet-class>com.companyname.portlet.CustomMVCPortlet</portlet-class>
<init-param>
  <name>view-jsp</name>
  <value>/jsp/view.jsp</value>
</init-param>

 

编写一个继承MVCPortlet的类

@ProcessAction(name="addName")
 public void addName(ActionRequest actionRequest,
   ActionResponse actionResponse) throws IOException, PortletException, PortalException, SystemException{
  actionRequest.setAttribute("userName", "Wangxin");
 }


@ProcessAction(name="actionMethod1")
public void sampleActionMethod(ActionRequest request, ActionResponse response)
                throws IOException, PortletException, PortalException, SystemException{
            _log.info("This is sampleActionMethod ...");
String userName = ParamUtil.get(actionRequest, "userName", StringPool.BLANK);
  actionRequest.setAttribute("userName", userName);
        }

 

如果跟踪一下,会是自动产生以下url:

http://localhost:8080/web/home?p_auth=e6cvA8tX
&p_p_id=testactionmethod_WAR_testactionmethodportlet
&p_p_lifecycle=1
&p_p_state=normal
&p_p_mode=view
&p_p_col_id=column-1
&_testactionmethod_WAR_testactionmethodportlet_javax.portlet.action=actionMethod1

 

另外PortletURLFactoryUtil 是一种后台产生action url的常用方式

java code:

    @Override
    public void render(RenderRequest request, RenderResponse response)
            throws PortletException, IOException {
        
          ThemeDisplay themeDisplay = (ThemeDisplay)request.getAttribute(WebKeys.THEME_DISPLAY);
          PortletURL actionUrl =  PortletURLFactoryUtil.create(request, themeDisplay.getPortletDisplay().getId(), themeDisplay.getPlid(), PortletRequest.ACTION_PHASE);
          actionUrl.setWindowState(LiferayWindowState.NORMAL);
          actionUrl.setPortletMode(LiferayPortletMode.VIEW);
          actionUrl.setParameter("javax.portlet.action", "actionMethodByJavaApi");
          actionUrl.setParameter("sampleParam", "This parameter comes from Action URL generated with Java API");
          request.setAttribute("actionUrlByJavaAPI", actionUrl.toString());
        super.render(request, response);
    }
 
    @ProcessAction(name="actionMethodByJavaApi")
    public void actionMethodByJavaApi(ActionRequest request, ActionResponse response)
            throws IOException, PortletException, PortalException, SystemException{
        String sampleParam = ParamUtil.get(request, "sampleParam", "defaultValue");
        _log.info("Sample Param is ::"+sampleParam);
    }
 

view.jsp


<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/portlet_2_0" prefix="portlet" %>
<portlet:defineObjects />
<a href="${actionUrlByJavaAPI}">Action Url created by Java API in Portlet Class</a>
<br>

还有两种方式就不介绍了:
liferay-portlet:actionURL 和 JavaScript (AUI module – Liferay.PortletURL)

一个portlet交互的流程图

 

 

resource 处理

Render & action是最早被定义的规范,见portlet specification 1.0 (JSR-168).
resource serving 被定义于portlet specification 2.0 (JSR-286)
一句话概括serve resource做的事情:动态产生输出到客户端,负责向客户端发送动态内容
比如:下载文件,发送一个excle报表,发送xml、json文件......,这些在Render 周期是无法实现的

serve resource过程

这里有比较好的介绍:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/jsr286-2-141964.html

 

7.0版的Command设计模式

在7.0版,整个一套处理设计为注解方式了,摒弃了满屏混乱的XML配置,更加清晰直观,代码结构更好

有三种命令接口:

  • MVCActionCommand
  • MVCRenderCommand
  • MVCResourceCommand

其中

BaseMVCActionCommand(class)实现=> MVCActionCommand(interface)

定制Portlet

@Component(
    immediate = true,
    property = {
        "com.liferay.portlet.css-class-wrapper=portlet-hello-world",
        "com.liferay.portlet.display-category=category.sample",
        "com.liferay.portlet.icon=/icons/hello_world.png",
        "com.liferay.portlet.preferences-owned-by-group=true",
        "com.liferay.portlet.private-request-attributes=false",
        "com.liferay.portlet.private-session-attributes=false",
        "com.liferay.portlet.remoteable=true",
        "com.liferay.portlet.render-weight=50",
        "com.liferay.portlet.use-default-template=true",
        "javax.portlet.display-name=Hello World",
        "javax.portlet.expiration-cache=0",
        "javax.portlet.init-param.always-display-default-configuration-icons=true",
        "javax.portlet.name=" + HelloWorldPortletKeys.HELLO_WORLD,
        "javax.portlet.resource-bundle=content.Language",
        "javax.portlet.security-role-ref=guest,power-user,user",
        "javax.portlet.supports.mime-type=text/html"
    },
    service = Portlet.class
)
public class HelloWorldPortlet extends MVCPortlet {
......
}

 

action command

比如一个action URL用于编辑实体,指向edit_entry.jsp

<portlet:actionURL name="/blogs/edit_entry" var="editEntryURL" />

action URL被触发后,匹配的action类将会被处理,可以有两种方式实现action command,一是实现接口MVCActionCommand,二是直接继承BaseMVCActionCommand类,liferay官方是推荐第二种,因为已经实现了很多有用的方法。

你的XXXXMVCActionCommand 类必需有@Componet注解,是为了OSGI容器反射得到类,例子:

@Component(
immediate = true,
property = {
"javax.portlet.name=Your_portlet_name",
"mvc.command.name=/blogs/edit_entry"
},
service = MVCActionCommand.class
)
public class YourMVCActionCommand extends BaseMVCActionCommand {
// your action
}

 比如一个增加实体的方法

public void addGuestbook(ActionRequest request, ActionResponse response)
        throws PortalException, SystemException {

    ServiceContext serviceContext = ServiceContextFactory.getInstance(
        Guestbook.class.getName(), request);

    String name = ParamUtil.getString(request, "name");

    try {
        _guestbookService.addGuestbook(serviceContext.getUserId(),
                name, serviceContext);

        SessionMessages.add(request, "guestbookAdded");

    } catch (Exception e) {
        SessionErrors.add(request, e.getClass().getName());

        response.setRenderParameter("mvcPath",
            "/html/guestbook/edit_guestbook.jsp");
    }

}

 

MVC render command

需要定义三件事情:

  • 实现MVCRenderCommand interface;
  • 在视图创建portlet render URL;
  • Component注解定义MVCRenderCommand service;

一个最简单的render

@Component(
    immediate = true,
    property = {
       "javax.portlet.name=" + HelloWorldPortletKeys.HELLO_WORLD,
       "javax.portlet.name=" + HelloWorldPortletKeys.HELLO_OTHER_WORLD,
       "mvc.command.name=/hello/edit_entry"
    },
    service = MVCRenderCommand.class
)
public class EditEntryMVCRenderCommand implements MVCRenderCommand {

@Override
public String render(
    RenderRequest renderRequest, RenderResponse renderResponse)
    throws PortletException {

    try {
     Blog entry = ActionUtil.getEntry(renderRequest);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
        if (e instanceof NoSuchEntryException ||
            e instanceof PrincipalException) {

            SessionErrors.add(renderRequest, e.getClass());

            return "/hello/error.jsp";
        }
        else {
            throw new PortletException(e);
        }
    }

    return "/hello/edit_entry.jsp";
  }
}

javax.portlet.name被定义了2个,这代表它可以在2个portlet中使用。

URL:

<portlet:renderURL var="editEntryURL">
<portlet:param name="mvcRenderCommandName" value="/hello/edit_entry" />
<portlet:param name="entryId" value="<%= String.valueOf(entry.getEntryId()) %>" />
</portlet:renderURL>

一个较详细的例子:

@Override
public void render(RenderRequest renderRequest,
        RenderResponse renderResponse) throws PortletException, IOException {

    try {
        ServiceContext serviceContext = ServiceContextFactory.getInstance(
                Guestbook.class.getName(), renderRequest);

        long groupId = serviceContext.getScopeGroupId();

        long guestbookId = ParamUtil.getLong(renderRequest, "guestbookId");

        List<Guestbook> guestbooks = _guestbookService
                .getGuestbooks(groupId);

        if (guestbooks.size() == 0) {
            Guestbook guestbook = _guestbookService.addGuestbook(
                    serviceContext.getUserId(), "Main", serviceContext);

            guestbookId = guestbook.getGuestbookId();

        }

        if (!(guestbookId > 0)) {
            guestbookId = guestbooks.get(0).getGuestbookId();
        }

        renderRequest.setAttribute("guestbookId", guestbookId);

    } catch (Exception e) {

        throw new PortletException(e);
    }

    super.render(renderRequest, renderResponse);

}

MVC serveResource command

@Component(
    property = {
        "javax.portlet.name=" + LoginPortletKeys.FAST_LOGIN,
        "javax.portlet.name=" + LoginPortletKeys.LOGIN,
        "mvc.command.name=/login/captcha"
    },
    service = MVCResourceCommand.class
)
public class CaptchaMVCResourceCommand implements MVCResourceCommand {

    @Override
    public boolean serveResource(
        ResourceRequest resourceRequest, ResourceResponse resourceResponse) {

        try {
            CaptchaUtil.serveImage(resourceRequest, resourceResponse);

            return false;
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            _log.error(e, e);

            return true;
        }
    }

    private static final Log _log = LogFactoryUtil.getLog(
        CaptchaMVCResourceCommand.class);
}

目前7.0的文档还太少。

 

posted @ 2016-11-04 12:10  昕友软件开发  阅读(1426)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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