设计模式---接口隔离模式之中介者模式(Mediator)
一:概念
在Mediator模式中,类之间的交互行为被统一放在Mediator的对象中,对象通过Mediator对象同其他对象交互。Mediator对象起到控制器的作用
二:动机
在软件构建的过程中,经常出现多个对象互相关联交互的情况,对象之间常常会维持一种复杂的引用关系,如果遇到了一些需求的更改,这种直接的引用关系将面临不断的变化。在这种情况下,我们可以使用“中介对象”来管理对象间的关联关系,避免相互交互的对象之间的紧耦合引用关系,从而更好地抵御变化。
在这种情况下,我们可使用一个“中介对象”来管理对象间的关联关系,避免相互交互的对象之间额紧耦合引用关系,从而更好地抵御变化。
三:模式定义
用一个中介对象来封装(封装变化)一系列的对象交互。中介者使各个对象不需要显示的相互引用(编译时依赖 -> 运行时依赖),从而使其耦合松散(管理变化),而且可以独立的改变他们之间的交互。 --《设计模式》Gof
四:结构
五:与Facade模式比较
Facade是系统外与系统内之间的隔离,而中介者Mediator解决的是系统内中各个对象之间的隔离。
多个对象,呈现复杂的引用关系时使用Mediator模式
六:类图
七:要点总结
(一)将多个对象间复杂的关联关系解耦,Mediator模式将多个对象间的控制逻辑进行集中管理(定义一套调用机制的协议),变“多个对象互相关联”为“多个对象和一个中介者关联”,简化了系统的维护,抵御了可能的变化。
(二)随着控制逻辑的复杂化,Mediator具体对象的实现可能相当复杂。这时候可以对Mediator对象进行分解处理。
(三)Facade模式是解耦系统间(单向)的对象关联关系;Mediator模式是解耦系统内各个对象之间(双向)的关联关系。
八:案例实现
(一)反例:类的紧密性抢,需要解耦合
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Person { protected: string m_name; int m_sex; int m_condition; public: Person(string name, int sex, int condit) { m_name = name; m_sex = sex; m_condition = condit; } string getName() { return m_name; } int getSex() { return m_sex; } int getCondit() { return m_condition; } virtual void getParter(Person* p) = 0; //接口获取伴侣 }; class Man :public Person { public: Man(string name, int sex, int condit) :Person(name, sex, condit) { } virtual void getParter(Person* p) { if (this->getSex() == p->getSex()) { cout << "no I`m don't same sex" << endl; } else { if (this->getCondit() == p->getCondit()) cout << this->getName() << " matching with " << p->getName() << endl; else cout << this->getName() << " not matching with " << p->getName() << endl; } } }; class Woman :public Person { public: Woman(string name, int sex, int condit) :Person(name, sex, condit) { } virtual void getParter(Person* p) { if (this->getSex() == p->getSex()) { cout << "no I`m don't same sex" << endl; } else { if (this->getCondit() == p->getCondit()) cout << this->getName() << " matching with " << p->getName() << endl; else cout << this->getName() << " not matching with " << p->getName() << endl; } } }; void main() { Woman *w1 = new Woman("xioafang", 2, 4); Man* m1 = new Man("zhangsan", 1, 3); Man* m2 = new Man("lisi", 1, 4); w1->getParter(m1); w1->getParter(m2); m1->getParter(m2); delete w1; delete m2; delete m1; system("pause"); return; }
具体子类向关联,紧密性太强
(二)使用中介者模式进行解耦合
1.实现系统内对象
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Mediator; class Person { protected: string m_name; int m_sex; int m_condition; Mediator* m_m; public: Person(string name, int sex, int condit,Mediator* m) { m_name = name; m_sex = sex; m_condition = condit; m_m = m; } string getName() { return m_name; } int getSex() { return m_sex; } int getCondit() { return m_condition; } Mediator* getMediator() { return m_m; } virtual void getParter(Person* p) = 0; //接口获取伴侣 }; class Man :public Person { public: Man(string name, int sex, int condit,Mediator* m) :Person(name, sex, condit,m) { } virtual void getParter(Person* p) { //使用中介者来实现判断 this->getMediator()->setMan(this); this->getMediator()->setWoman(p); this->getMediator()->getPartner(); } }; class Woman :public Person { public: Woman(string name, int sex, int condit, Mediator* m) :Person(name, sex, condit,m) { } virtual void getParter(Person* p) { //使用中介者来实现判断 this->getMediator()->setWoman(this); this->getMediator()->setMan(p); this->getMediator()->getPartner(); } };
2.实现中介者
class Mediator { private: Person* pMan; //中介者Mediator解决的是系统内中各个对象之间的隔离 Person* pWoman; //所以我们要对所有要处理的类设置一个指针,实现双向关联(上面Person基类指向了中介者,代表Man和Woman都指向了,现在要中介者执行Man和Woman) public: Mediator() { pMan = NULL; pWoman = NULL; } void setWoman(Person* p) { pWoman = p; } void setMan(Person* p) { pMan = p; } void getPartner() { if (pMan->getSex() == pWoman->getSex()) { cout << "no I`m don't same sex" << endl; } else { if (pMan->getCondit() == pWoman->getCondit()) cout << pMan->getName() << " matching with " << pWoman->getName() << endl; else cout << pMan->getName() << " not matching with " << pWoman->getName() << endl; } } };
3.中介者测试
void main() { Mediator* mediator = new Mediator(); Woman *w1 = new Woman("xioafang", 2, 4,mediator); Man* m1 = new Man("zhangsan", 1, 3,mediator); Man* m2 = new Man("lisi", 1, 4,mediator); w1->getParter(m1); w1->getParter(m2); m1->getParter(m2); delete w1; delete m2; delete m1; delete mediator; system("pause"); return; }
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Mediator; class Person { protected: string m_name; int m_sex; int m_condition; Mediator* m_m; public: Person(string name, int sex, int condit,Mediator* m) { m_name = name; m_sex = sex; m_condition = condit; m_m = m; } string getName() { return m_name; } int getSex() { return m_sex; } int getCondit() { return m_condition; } Mediator* getMediator() { return m_m; } virtual void getParter(Person* p) = 0; //接口获取伴侣 }; class Mediator { private: Person* pMan; //中介者Mediator解决的是系统内中各个对象之间的隔离 Person* pWoman; //所以我们要对所有要处理的类设置一个指针,实现双向关联(上面Person基类指向了中介者,代表Man和Woman都指向了,现在要中介者执行Man和Woman) public: Mediator() { pMan = NULL; pWoman = NULL; } void setWoman(Person* p) { pWoman = p; } void setMan(Person* p) { pMan = p; } void getPartner() { if (pMan->getSex() == pWoman->getSex()) { cout << "no I`m don't same sex" << endl; } else { if (pMan->getCondit() == pWoman->getCondit()) cout << pMan->getName() << " matching with " << pWoman->getName() << endl; else cout << pMan->getName() << " not matching with " << pWoman->getName() << endl; } } }; class Man :public Person { public: Man(string name, int sex, int condit,Mediator* m) :Person(name, sex, condit,m) { } virtual void getParter(Person* p) { //使用中介者来实现判断 this->getMediator()->setMan(this); this->getMediator()->setWoman(p); this->getMediator()->getPartner(); } }; class Woman :public Person { public: Woman(string name, int sex, int condit, Mediator* m) :Person(name, sex, condit,m) { } virtual void getParter(Person* p) { //使用中介者来实现判断 this->getMediator()->setWoman(this); this->getMediator()->setMan(p); this->getMediator()->getPartner(); } }; void main() { Mediator* mediator = new Mediator(); Woman *w1 = new Woman("xioafang", 2, 4,mediator); Man* m1 = new Man("zhangsan", 1, 3,mediator); Man* m2 = new Man("lisi", 1, 4,mediator); w1->getParter(m1); w1->getParter(m2); m1->getParter(m2); delete w1; delete m2; delete m1; delete mediator; system("pause"); return; }