多线程之互斥锁(By C++)

  首先贴一段win32API实现的多线程的代码,使用CreateThread实现,如果不要传参数,就把第四个参数设为NULL

  

#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

//有参数
DWORD WINAPI MyThread_lpParamter(LPVOID lpParamter)
{
    string *lp = (string *)lpParamter;
    while (1)
    {

        cout << "MyThread1 Runing :"<<lp->c_str()<<""<< endl;
        Sleep(5000);
    }
}

int main()
{
    string parameter = "我是参数";
    HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread_lpParamter, &parameter, 0, NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread2);
    while(1);
    return 0;
}

下面是执行的结果

 

互斥锁:

  当一个全局的共有资源被多个线程同时调用会出现意想不到的问题,比如你去银行取出所有钱,同时又转所有钱到支付宝,如果这两块同时执行,就有可能转出双倍的钱,这是不允许的。

这时候要使用的这个线程需要将这个资源(取钱这个过程)先“锁”起来,然后用好之后再解锁,这期间别的线程就无法使用了,其他线程的也是类似的过程。

#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//互斥锁
HANDLE hMutex1;
int flag;

DWORD WINAPI MyThread2(LPVOID lpParamter)
{
    while (1)
    {
    //没上锁的话就自己锁上,否则等着 WaitForSingleObject(hMutex1,INFINITE); flag
=!flag; cout << "MyThread1 Runing :"<<"线程2"<<" "<<flag<< endl; Sleep(1000);
     //解锁 ReleaseMutex(hMutex1); } } DWORD WINAPI MyThread1(LPVOID lpParamter) {
while (1) { WaitForSingleObject(hMutex1,INFINITE); flag=!flag; cout << "MyThread2 Runing"<<"线程1" <<" "<<flag<< endl; Sleep(10); ReleaseMutex(hMutex1); } } int main() { //创建一个锁 hMutex1 =CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL); HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread1, NULL, 0, NULL); CloseHandle(hThread1); HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread2, NULL, 0, NULL); CloseHandle(hThread2); while(1); return 0; }

可以看到结果,就算线程1延时的时间非常短,但是由于线程2执行的时候,就被锁住了,线程1就处于等待。结果就是线程1和线程2会交替执行

多进程互斥:

如果某个文件不允许被多个进程用时使用,这时候也可以采用进程间互斥。当一个进程创建一个进程后创建一个锁,第二个进程使用OpenMutex获取第一个进程创建的互斥锁的句柄。

第一个进程:

#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//互斥锁
HANDLE hMutex1;
int flag;
DWORD WINAPI MyThread(LPVOID lpParamter)
{
    while (1)
    {
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex1,INFINITE);
        flag=!flag;
        cout << "MyThread2 Runing"<<"进程1" <<" "<<flag<< endl;
        Sleep(500);
        //此时锁1被锁,无法在下面解锁2
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex1);

    }
}
int main()
{
    //创建一个锁
    hMutex1  =CreateMutex(NULL,false,LPCWSTR("hMutex1"));
    HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread1);
    while(1);
    return 0;
}

第二个进程:

#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//互斥锁
HANDLE hMutex1;
int flag;
//无参数
DWORD WINAPI MyThread(LPVOID lpParamter)
{
    while (1)
    {
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex1,INFINITE);
        flag=!flag;
        cout << "MyThread2 Runing"<<"进程2" <<" "<<flag<< endl;
        Sleep(5000);
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex1);
    }
}

int main()
{
    //打开
    hMutex1  = OpenMutex(MUTEX_ALL_ACCESS,false,LPCWSTR("hMutex1"));
    if(hMutex1!=NULL)
        cout<<"锁打开成功"<<endl;
    HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread1);
    while(1);
    return 0;
}

结果可以看到,之运行进程1,消息打印的非常快,但是把进程2打开之后,进程1的消息打印速度就跟进程2变得一样了。

 

死锁:

何为死锁,举个例子,两个柜子,两个锁,两把钥匙,把两把钥匙放进另外一个柜子,然后锁上,结果呢,两个都打不开了。在程序内部,这样就会导致两个进程死掉。

看例子

#include<Windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//互斥锁
HANDLE hMutex1;
HANDLE hMutex2;
int flag;
DWORD WINAPI MyThread2(LPVOID lpParamter)
{
    while (1)
    {
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex1,INFINITE);
        flag=!flag;
        cout << "MyThread1 Runing :"<<"线程1"<<" "<<flag<< endl;
        Sleep(1000);

        //此时锁2被锁,无法在下面解锁1
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex2,INFINITE);
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex2);
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex1);
    }
}
DWORD WINAPI MyThread1(LPVOID lpParamter)
{
    while (1)
    {
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex2,INFINITE);
        flag=!flag;
        cout << "MyThread2 Runing"<<"线程1" <<" "<<flag<< endl;
        Sleep(1000);

        //此时锁1被锁,无法在下面解锁2
        WaitForSingleObject(hMutex1,INFINITE);
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex1);
        ReleaseMutex(hMutex2);

    }
}


int main()
{
    //创建一个锁
    hMutex1  =CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
    hMutex2  =CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
    HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread1, NULL, 0, NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread1);

    HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, MyThread2,NULL, 0, NULL);
    CloseHandle(hThread2);
    while(1);
    return 0;
}

结果呢就是,两个线程执行打印一次就死掉了

 

posted @ 2016-05-21 14:30  深空灰  阅读(26249)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报