一、Form组件:
django框架提供了一个form类,来处理web开发中的表单相关事项。众所周知,form最常做的是对用户输入的内容进行验证,为此django的forms类提供了全面的内容验证和保留用户上次输入数据的支持。
form组件有2大大功能
对用户提交的内容进行验证(form表单/Ajax)
保留用户上次输入的内容
1、对用户提交的数据进行验证
form组件验证的原理
1.obj=Form()form组件类实例化时找到类中所有的字段 把这些字段 变成组合成字典;
self.fields={‘user’:正则表达式1,‘pwd’:正则表达式2}
2.循环self.fields字典(自己写的字段)
for k,v in self.fields.items():
K是user,pwd
v是正则表达式
3.每次循环通过self.fields字典的键, 一个一个的去get前端POST提交的数据 得到用户输入数据;
input_value= request.post.get(‘k’)(所以form字段的名称,要和前端的name属性匹配)
4.每次拿到用户输入的数据 (input_value)和进行正则表达式匹配;
5.匹配成功flag=True 匹配失败flag=falsh,最后 return flag obj.is_valid=flag。
如果For自带的规则和正则满足不了验证需求,可在Form类中自定义方法,做扩展。
6.每个字段验证通过后,每个字段执执行self.clean_filelds函数(自定义 对Form类中的字段做单独验证,比如去数据库查询判断一下用户提交的数据是否存在?)
7. 执行Form组件的clean_form方法进行整体验证!(既然每个字段都验证了,就可以对用户提交的数据做整体验证了!比如进行联合唯一的验证)
8.最后执行类似 clean_form的post_clean方法结束验证。(一般不使用post_clean做自定义过滤,clean_form方法完全可以解决)
form表单提交验证(form表单(会发起 get)提交刷新失去上次内容)
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields class Login(Form): #from验证规则 用户名 6-10字符 required不能为空 name=fields.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=6, required=True, error_messages={ 'required':'用户名不能为空', #error_messages参数 自定义错误信息 'min_length':'太短了', 'max_length': "太长了", } ) # z注意name 必须和 from表单提交的一致,要么二则怎么对比校验呢 pwd= fields.CharField(min_length=3, required=True, error_messages={ 'required': '密码不能为空', # error_messages参数 自定义错误信息 'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': "太长了", } ) def index(request): if request.method=='GET': return render(request,'login.html') else: obj=Login(request.POST) #把客户端提交来的form表单和 和匹配规则放在一起 res=obj.is_valid() #自动校验 给出结果 True 或者 False if res: #验证成功后obj.cleaned_data获取成功的数据,字典类型正好对应数据 的批量操作 print(obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('http://www.baidu.com') #obj.errors获取错误信息(对象类型)就可以传到前端显示了! else: return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})
Aja提交验证(不会刷新,上次输入内容自动保留)
Django的form验证功能不仅限于对form表单提交的数据验证,同样适用于ajax提交方式;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ajx提交</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/aja_login/" id="f1"> {%csrf_token%} <p>用户:<input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"></p> <p><input type="button" onclick="Ajxform()" value="aja提交"></p> </form> </body> <script src="/static/zhanggen.js"></script> <script> function Ajxform(){ $('.c1').remove() $.ajax({ url:'/alogin/', type:'POST', dataType:'JSON', data:$('#f1').serialize(), success:function (args) { if (args.status){ } else{ {# {status: false, msg: Object}#} {# console.log(args);#} {# Jquery循环服务端 传过来的 错误信息对象#} $.each(args.msg,function (index,value) { console.log(index,value); {# index----> name ["太短了"]#} {# value-----pwd["密码不能为空"]#} var tag=document.createElement('span'); tag.innerHTML= value[0]; tag.className='c1'; console.log(index); {# 寻找input下 属性为 name 和pwd的标签(字符串拼接) 在他们后半加 上tag标签也就是错误 信息 #} $('#f1').find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag) }) } }})} </script> </html>
Views
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields import json class Login(Form): #from验证规则 用户名 6-10字符 required不能为空 name=fields.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=6, required=True, error_messages={ 'required':'用户名不能为空', #error_messages参数 自定义错误信息 'min_length':'太短了', 'max_length': "太长了", } ) # z注意name 必须和 from表单提交的一致,要么二则怎么对比校验呢 pwd= fields.CharField(min_length=3, required=True, error_messages={ 'required': '密码不能为空', # error_messages参数 自定义错误信息 'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': "太长了",}) def agx_login(request): ret={'status':True,'msg':None} if request.method=='GET': return render(request,'ajalogin.html') else: obj=Login(request.POST) ret['status']=False ret['msg']=obj.errors return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
自定义正则表达式验证
密码修改实例
password_complexity='^(?:(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[0-9])).+$' #密码复杂性要求:密码必须包含数字、大、写字母
{% extends "arya/layout.html" %} {% block out_css %} <link rel="stylesheet" href="/arya/static/arya/css/form-control.css"/> {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% csrf_token %} <div> <div class="row"> <a class="btn btn-default" href="{{ request.META.HTTP_REFERER }}">返回</a> <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-3"> <form> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputPassword1">请输入原始密码</label> <input name="old_pwd" type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword0" placeholder="原始密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputPassword1">新的密码</label> <input name="first_new_pwd" type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="新的密码"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="exampleInputPassword1">再次输入新密码</label> <input name="second_new_pwd" type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword2" placeholder="再次输入新密码"> </div> <button id="submit_pwd" type="button" class="btn btn-default">提交</button> </form> <br> <p style="color: red" id="__all__" class="error_msg"></p> <br> <p>设置密码时请符合以下规则:最小长度8、包含大小写英文字母、数字。</p> </div> </div> </div> {# </section>#} <script> $('#submit_pwd').click(function () { var $csrf = $("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val(); var $old_pwd = $('[name="old_pwd"]').val(); var $first_new_pwd = $('[name="first_new_pwd"]').val(); var $second_new_pwd = $('[name="second_new_pwd"]').val(); var pwd_formdata = new FormData(); pwd_formdata.append('csrfmiddlewaretoken', $csrf); pwd_formdata.append('old_pwd', $old_pwd); pwd_formdata.append('first_new_pwd', $first_new_pwd); pwd_formdata.append('second_new_pwd', $second_new_pwd); $.ajax({ type: 'post', data: pwd_formdata, processData: false, contentType: false, success: function (data) { var response = JSON.parse(data); var $error_p = $('<p class="error_msg" style="color:red">'+ '</p>'); if (response.status == 200) { window.location = "/login/" } if (response.status == 404) { var error_p =$error_p.text(response.msg.old_pwd); $('[name="old_pwd"]').after(error_p) } else { $.each(response.msg, function (k, v) { var $input_tag = $("[name=" + k +"]"); var error_p = '<p style="color: red" class="error_msg">'+v[0]+'</p>'; $input_tag.after(error_p); console.log(response.msg); if (k == '__all__') { $('#__all__').text(v[0]) } }); } setTimeout("$('.error_msg').remove()", 3000); } }) }) </script> {% endblock %}
def changepwd(request): #修改密码视图 if request.method=='POST': current_user = request.session.get('username') response_info = {'status':200,'msg':None} user_db_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=current_user).first() if not user_db_obj or user_db_obj.password != make_md5(request.POST.get('old_pwd').strip()): response_info['status'] = 404 response_info['msg'] = {'old_pwd': '原始密码错误.'} else: obj = FormCheck.Set_password(request.POST) if not obj.is_valid(): response_info['status'] = 403 response_info['msg']=obj.errors else: user_db_obj.password = make_md5(request.POST.get('second_new_pwd').strip()) user_db_obj.save() return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response_info, ensure_ascii=False)) return render(request,'woke_order/changepwd.html')
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from cmdb.models import * import re from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class Set_password(Form): password_complexity='^(?:(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[0-9])).+$' old_pwd=fields.RegexField(password_complexity, required=True, min_length=8, error_messages={'invalid':'不满足密码复杂性要求','required':'密码不能为空!','min_length':'密码长度少于8位'}, ) first_new_pwd=fields.RegexField(password_complexity, required=True, min_length=8, error_messages={'invalid':'不满足密码复杂性要求','required':'密码不能为空!','min_length':'密码长度少于8位'}, ) second_new_pwd =fields.RegexField(password_complexity, required=True, min_length=8, error_messages={'invalid':'不满足密码复杂性要求','required':'密码不能为空!','min_length':'密码长度少于8位'}, ) def clean(self): first_new_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('first_new_pwd') second_new_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('second_new_pwd') if first_new_pwd and second_new_pwd: if first_new_pwd.strip() == second_new_pwd.strip(): return self.cleaned_data raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")
IP 和端口
ipaddr_validate="^((?:(2[0-4]\d)|(25[0-5])|([01]?\d\d?))\.){3}(?:(2[0-4]\d)|(255[0-5])|([01]?\d\d?))$" port_validate='^([0-9]|[1-9]\d|[1-9]\d{2}|[1-9]\d{3}|[1-5]\d{4}|6[0-4]\d{3}|65[0-4]\d{2}|655[0-2]\d|6553[0-5])$'
from django.forms import Form,fields from django.forms import widgets,forms import re ipaddr_validate="^((?:(2[0-4]\d)|(25[0-5])|([01]?\d\d?))\.){3}(?:(2[0-4]\d)|(255[0-5])|([01]?\d\d?))$" port_validate='^([0-9]|[1-9]\d|[1-9]\d{2}|[1-9]\d{3}|[1-5]\d{4}|6[0-4]\d{3}|65[0-4]\d{2}|655[0-2]\d|6553[0-5])$' class dbinfo_create(Form): data_mode_type=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'数据库模型不能为空.'}) database_type=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'数据库类型不能为空'}) host=fields.RegexField(ipaddr_validate,required=True,error_messages={'required':'IP不能为空','invalid':'不合法的IP地址'}) port=fields.RegexField(port_validate,required=True,error_messages={'required':'端口不能为空.','invalid':'端口无效'}) # instance_nikename=fields.CharField(max_length=20,error_messages={'required':'端口不能为空.',"max_length":"标题不能超过20个字"}) db_business=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'请说明所属业务线'}) DBA=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'请说明DBA'}) responsible_person=fields.CharField(required=True, error_messages={'required':'请选择相关责任人!'})
2、动态生成HTML标签,保留用户上次输入的内容。
如何保留用户上次输入的内容?
由于form表单submit之后(发送post请求) 数据提交到 后端,不管前端输入的数据是否正确,服务端也要响应,所以页面会刷新;
所以无法保留用户上次输入的内容;如何解决呢?
1、把定义的定义的Form类,实例化(obj=Login() )内部调用一个__str__的方法,如果没有传值 返回<input type="text" name=“字段”>name='字段名空的input标签
2、把这个实例化之后的对象传到前端显示,让用户输入值;用户输入值通过post方法提交到后台。
3、如果后台实例化一个对象 obj=Login(request.POST)传入了值, <input type="text" name=“字段” value='request.post的数据'>然后后端再返回客户端就可以看到用户输入的值了!
保留用户上次输入的内容 是利用了 obj=Login(request.POST)接收了用户输入的值
视图
from django import forms class Myform(forms.Form): #1、写1个继承forms.Form的类,定制form表单的数据类型; user=forms.CharField(max_length=32,min_length=3,label='用户名', error_messages={'required':'不能为空'}, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'sb','placeholder':'用户名'},) ) age=forms.IntegerField(label='年龄',error_messages={'required':'不能为空'},) email=forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',error_messages={'required':'不能为空'},) def register2(request): if request.method=='GET': forms_obj=Myform() #2、实例化类,把对象渲染到模板 return render(request,'form——register.html',{'forms_obj':forms_obj}) else: forms_obj=Myform(request.POST) #3、把提交的数据封装成form对象 if forms_obj.is_valid(): #4、使用 form对象的.is_valid()方法,校验提交过来的数据是否符合验证规则 data=forms_obj.cleaned_data #5、获取验证通过的数据(字典类型,可直接 **dict插入数据库) # User.objects.create_user(**data) return HttpResponse('OK') else: print(forms_obj.cleaned_data) #6、由于用户在form表单提交了值,利用这一点, # 把forms_obj=Myform(request.POST)渲染到前端就可以保存用户输入的值 return render(request, 'form——register.html', {'forms_obj':forms_obj})
前台
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Django_form验证</title> </head> <body> <form action="/form/" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p>用户:{{ forms_obj.user }}{{ forms_obj.errors.user.0 }}</p> <p>年龄:{{ forms_obj.age }}{{ forms_obj.errors.age.0}}</p> <p>邮箱:{{ forms_obj.email }}{{ forms_obj.errors.email.0}}</p> <button>提交</button> </form> </body> </html>
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields import json class Login(Form): #from验证规则 用户名 6-10字符 required不能为空 name=fields.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=6, required=True, error_messages={ 'required':'用户名不能为空', #error_messages参数 自定义错误信息 'min_length':'太短了', 'max_length': "太长了", } ) # z注意name 必须和 from表单提交的一致,要么二则怎么对比校验呢 pwd= fields.CharField(min_length=3, required=True, error_messages={ 'required': '密码不能为空', # error_messages参数 自定义错误信息 'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': "太长了",}) def index(request): ret={'status':True,'msg':None} if request.method=='GET': obj=Login() #自动生成空白的input标签 发送给客户端) return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj=Login(request.POST) #把客户端提交来的form表单和 和匹配规则放在一 res=obj.is_valid() #自动生成空白的input标签 发送 if res: #验证成功后obj.cleaned_data获取成功的数据,字典类型正好对应数据 的批量操作 return HttpResponse('OK') #obj.errors获取错误信息(对象类型)就可以传到前端显示了! else: return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj})
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>登录页面</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/login/" id="f1" novalidate > {%csrf_token%} <h1>用户登录</h1> <p>用户名 {{obj.name}}{{ obj.name.errors.0}}</p> <p>密码:{{ obj.pwd}}{{ obj.pwd.errors.0}}</p> <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p> </form> </body> </html>
3、承上启下 form组件的套路(执行流程):
(1)在后端定义类和字段,实例化Form类;
(2)到用户 发送get请求时,服务端渲染到模板(空标签/默认值)发送到客户端显示
(3)客户端填数据,POST提交到后端;
(4)后端验证,返回结果给前端;(切记Form组件是在后端生成,发送给客户端显示,客户端填完数据在发回服务端!)
二、form组件使用:
1、导入Form插件
from django.forms import Form,fields
from django.forms import widgets
class Class_form(Form): title=fields.RegexField('全栈\d+', # initial='全栈', #设置input标签中的默认值 min_length=2, required=True, error_messages={'invalid':"必须以全栈开头", 'min_length':'太短了', 'required':"不能为空", } ) class Students(Form): name=fields.CharField(required=True, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}), error_messages={'required':'姓名不能为空'}) sex=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'不能为空'}, widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) ) cls_id=fields.IntegerField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'), attrs = {'class': 'form-control'} ), ) class teacher_form(Form): tname=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':"姓名不能为空"} ) # classes=fields.CharField( #多选 不能用这个插件不使用request.post.getlist()取值 # widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list(), # attrs={'multiple':'multiple'}) # ) # classes=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.SelectMultiple( # # 如果在fields.CharField字段该插件,得到会是{'tname': 'ww', 'classes': "['2', '3']"}字符串 # choices= models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title')) ) classes=fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'), widget=widgets.SelectMultiple,error_messages={'required':'选择不能为空'}) def __int__(self,*args,**kwargs): #解决数据不同步的bug,每次form组件实例化时 都重新去数据库拿数据 super(teacher_form,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['classes'].widget.choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title') class Test_form(Form): name=fields.CharField() #动态生成 text类型的input标签 text=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Textarea,) #动态生成文本框 age=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.CheckboxInput) #动态生成单选框 holby=fields.MultipleChoiceField( #MultipleChoiceField动态生成复选框 choices=[(1,'篮球'),(2,"足球"),(3,"高俅")], widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple) sex=fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=[(1,'男'),(2,'女')], widget=widgets.RadioSelect ) select=fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(2, '北京'), (3, '唐县')]) #通过ChoiceField字段动态生成单选框 # 通过form组件的MultipleChoiceField字段 mselect=fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=[(1,'管家佐'),(2,'万宝利') ], widget=widgets.SelectMultiple) file=fields.FileField() #通过form组件的.FileField动态生成 文件上传input标签,注意在提交到后台是对象
2、定义类和字段(验证规则) 扩展方法
class Form_login(Form):
字段 参数
user=fields.RegexField(正则表达式,验证规则,error_messages={错误信息},widget=html标签插件,attrs = {'标签插件的属性'})
四、form的钩子函数
Django的form在obj.is_valid()方法内提供2个钩子函数,以便我们随时调用他自定制一些复杂的验证规则;
局部钩子函数
class Class_form(Form): title=fields.RegexField('全栈\d+', # initial='全栈', #设置input标签中的默认值 min_length=2, required=True, error_messages={'invalid':"必须以全栈开头", 'min_length':'太短了', 'required':"不能为空", } ) class Students(Form): name=fields.CharField(required=True, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}), error_messages={'required':'姓名不能为空'}) sex=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'不能为空'}, widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) ) cls_id=fields.IntegerField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'), attrs = {'class': 'form-control'} ), ) class teacher_form(Form): tname=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':"姓名不能为空"} ) # classes=fields.CharField( #多选 不能用这个插件不使用request.post.getlist()取值 # widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list(), # attrs={'multiple':'multiple'}) # ) # classes=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.SelectMultiple( # # 如果在fields.CharField字段该插件,得到会是{'tname': 'ww', 'classes': "['2', '3']"}字符串 # choices= models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title')) ) classes=fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'), widget=widgets.SelectMultiple,error_messages={'required':'选择不能为空'}) def __int__(self,*args,**kwargs): #解决数据不同步的bug,每次form组件实例化时 都重新去数据库拿数据 super(teacher_form,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['classes'].widget.choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title') class Test_form(Form): name=fields.CharField() #动态生成 text类型的input标签 text=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Textarea,) #动态生成文本框 age=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.CheckboxInput) #动态生成单选框 holby=fields.MultipleChoiceField( #MultipleChoiceField动态生成复选框 choices=[(1,'篮球'),(2,"足球"),(3,"高俅")], widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple) sex=fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=[(1,'男'),(2,'女')], widget=widgets.RadioSelect ) select=fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(2, '北京'), (3, '唐县')]) #通过ChoiceField字段动态生成单选框 # 通过form组件的MultipleChoiceField字段 mselect=fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=[(1,'管家佐'),(2,'万宝利') ], widget=widgets.SelectMultiple) file=fields.FileField() #通过form组件的.FileField动态生成 文件上传input标签,注意在提交到后台是对象
全局钩子函数
如果要想要同时对2个form字段进行验证,就需要全局钩子函数(应用 验证2次输入的密码是否一致),可以调用他们自定制复杂的form验证规则,
问题1: 注册页面输入为空,报错:keyError:找不到password
def clean(self): print("---",self.cleaned_data) # if self.cleaned_data["password"]==self.cleaned_data["repeat_password"]: # 报错原因:self.cleaned_data是干净数据,如果页面没有输入内容,则self.cleaned_data没有password。 改如下: if self.cleaned_data.get("password")==self.cleaned_data.get("repeat_password"): return self.cleaned_data else: raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")
四、渲染到模板
1.简单粗暴型
注意:模板语言{{form_obj.as_p}},一定要在设置lable参数
class UserInfoForm(Form): name=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='姓名') email=fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='邮箱') pary=fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,"技术部"),(2,'销售部'),(3,'市场部'),],label='部门')
{{obj.as_p}}以P标签的形式全部显示 <table> 注意加table标签形式全部显示 {{obj.as_table}} </table> <ul>注意加ul标签形式全部显示 {{obj.as_table}} </ul>
2.灵活定制型
<p>姓名:{{ obj.name }}</p> <p>性别:{{ obj.sex }}</p> <p>爱好: {{ obj.holby }}</p> <p>婚姻状况:{{ obj.age }}</p> <p>个人简介 {{ obj.text }}</p> <p>工作地点: {{ obj.select }}</p> <p>居住地点:{{ obj.mselect }}</p> <p>资料上传:{{obj.file}}</p>
五、页面显示用户填完数据提交回来后台验证
数据校验
obj=classForm_login(request.POST )
默认校验:obj=classForm_login(data={} ) 含有错误信息: obj=Class_form(initial={'title':class_obj.title})只有html标签
obj.is_valid() 获取校验结果
obj.errors获取错误信息
obj.cleand_data 获取正确的数据
六、基于Form组件的学生管理系统(项目)
路由
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^classes/',views.classes), url(r'^classes_add(\d+)/',views.classes_add), url(r'^classes_edit(\d+)/',views.classes_edit), url(r'^students/',views.students), url(r'^students_add(\d+)/',views.students_add), url(r'^students.edit(\d+)/',views.students_edit), url(r'^teachers/',views.teacher), url(r'^teacher_add/',views.teacher_add), url(r'^teacher_edit(\d+)/',views.teacher_edit), url(r'^test/',views.test), ]
视图
def classes(request): if request.method=='GET': c_list=models.Classes.objects.all() return render(request,'class_list.html',{'clist':c_list}) def classes_add(request,args): if request.method=='GET': obj=Class_form() return render(request,'class_add.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj=Class_form(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Classes.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data ) return redirect('/classes/') else: print('NI') return render(request,'class_add.html',{'obj':obj}) def classes_edit(request,args): if request.method=='GET': class_obj=models.Classes.objects.filter(id=args).first() obj=Class_form(initial={'title':class_obj.title}) return render(request,'class_edit.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':args}) else: obj = Class_form(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Classes.objects.filter(id=args).update(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/classes/') else: return render(request, 'class_edit.html', {'obj': obj, 'nid': args}) def students(request): if request.method=='GET': students=models.Student.objects.all() return render(request,'students.html',{'student':students}) def students_add(request,nid): if request.method=='GET': obj=Students() return render(request,'student_add.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid}) else: obj=Students(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): models.Student.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) return redirect('/students/') else: return render(request,'student_add.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid}) def students_edit(request,nid): if request.method=='GET': # print(models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','sex','cls_id').first()) obj=Students(initial=models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).values('name','sex','cls_id').first()) return render(request,'student_edit.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':nid}) else: obj1=Students(request.POST) if obj1.is_valid(): models.Student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**obj1.cleaned_data) return redirect('/students/') else: return render(request, 'student_edit.html', {'obj': obj1, 'nid': nid}) def teacher(request): if request.method=='GET': teacher_list=models.teacher.objects.all() return render(request,'teacher_list.html',{'tlist':teacher_list}) def teacher_add(request): if request.method=='GET': print(request.method) obj=teacher_form() return render(request,'teacher_add.html',{'obj':obj}) else: obj=teacher_form(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): classe_ids=obj.cleaned_data.pop('classes') #老师任教的班级 tname=obj.cleaned_data #老师的姓名 create_teacher=models.teacher.objects.create(**tname) create_teacher.c2t.add(*classe_ids) return redirect('/teachers/') else: return render(request,'teacher_add.html',{'obj':obj}) def teacher_edit(request,arg): if request.method=='GET': teacher_obj=models.teacher.objects.filter(id=arg).first() classes_ids=teacher_obj.c2t.values_list('id') cid_list=list(zip(*classes_ids))[0] if list(zip(*classes_ids)) else[] # print(cid_list) 元组 obj=teacher_form(initial={'tname':teacher_obj.tname,'classes':cid_list}) return render(request,'teacher_edit.html',{'obj':obj,'nid':arg} ) else: obj=teacher_form(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): teacher_name=obj.cleaned_data.pop('tname') models.teacher.objects.filter(id=arg).update(tname=teacher_name) obj1=models.teacher.objects.filter(id=arg).first() classes=obj.cleaned_data.pop('classes') obj1.c2t.set(classes) return redirect('/teachers/') else: return render(request,'teacher_add.html',{'obj':obj}) def test(request): if request.method=='GET': obj=Test_form(initial={'holby':[ 1,2],'name':'张根','text':'我来自太行山','sex':1}) # # print(models.Student.cls.objects.values_list()) # obj=models.Student.objects.filter(id=1).first() # print(obj.cls.title) return render(request,'test.html',{'obj':obj})
form组件
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
from django.forms import Form,fields
from django.forms import widgets
class Class_form(Form):
title=fields.RegexField('全栈\d+',
# initial='全栈', #设置input标签中的默认值
min_length=2,
required=True,
error_messages={'invalid':"必须以全栈开头",
'min_length':'太短了',
'required':"不能为空",
}
)
class Students(Form):
name=fields.CharField(required=True,
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}),
error_messages={'required':'姓名不能为空'})
sex=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':'不能为空'},
widget = widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
)
cls_id=fields.IntegerField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),
attrs = {'class': 'form-control'}
),
)
class teacher_form(Form):
tname=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'required':"姓名不能为空"} )
# classes=fields.CharField( #多选 不能用这个插件不使用request.post.getlist()取值
# widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list(),
# attrs={'multiple':'multiple'})
# )
# classes=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.SelectMultiple(
# # 如果在fields.CharField字段该插件,得到会是{'tname': 'ww', 'classes': "['2', '3']"}字符串
# choices= models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title')) )
classes=fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'),
widget=widgets.SelectMultiple,error_messages={'required':'选择不能为空'})
def __int__(self,*args,**kwargs): #解决数据不同步的bug,每次form组件实例化时 都重新去数据库拿数据
super(teacher_form,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
self.fields['classes'].choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title')
class Test_form(Form):
name=fields.CharField() #动态生成 text类型的input标签
text=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Textarea,) #动态生成文本框
age=fields.CharField(widget=widgets.CheckboxInput) #动态生成单选框
holby=fields.MultipleChoiceField( #MultipleChoiceField动态生成复选框
choices=[(1,'篮球'),(2,"足球"),(3,"高俅")],
widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple)
sex=fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=[(1,'男'),(2,'女')],
widget=widgets.RadioSelect
)
select=fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(2, '北京'), (3, '唐县')]) #通过ChoiceField字段动态生成单选框
# 通过form组件的MultipleChoiceField字段
mselect=fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=[(1,'管家佐'),(2,'万宝利') ],
widget=widgets.SelectMultiple)
file=fields.FileField() #通过form组件的.FileField动态生成 文件上传input标签,注意在提交到后台是对象
模板
班级管理(1对1)
班级显示
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>班级列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.5-dist/css/bootstrap.css"> </head> <body> <div style="width: 500px;margin: 0 auto"> <h1>班级列表</h1> <ul> {% for obj in clist %} <li>{{ obj.title }} <a href="/classes_add{{ obj.id }}/">添加</a> <a href="/classes_edit{{ obj.id }}/">编辑</a> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </div> </body> </html>
添加班级
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加班级</title> </head> <body> <h1>添加班级</h1> <form action='/classes_add{{2}}/' method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p>班级添加:{{ obj.title}} {{ obj.errors.title.0}}</p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
编辑班级
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑班级</title> </head> <body> <form action="/classes_edit{{nid}}/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p>编辑班级:{{ obj.title }}{{obj.title.errors.0}} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
学生管理1对多
学生显示
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>学生管理</title> </head> <body> <h1>学生管理</h1> <ul> {% for row in student %} <li>{{row.name}} {{row.sex}} <a href="/students_add{{row.id}}/">添加</a> <a href="/students.edit{{row.id}}/">编辑</a> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> </body> </html>
学生添加
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <h1>添加学生</h1> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加学生</title> </head> <body> <form action="/students_add{{ nid}}/" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token%} <p>姓名:{{ obj.name}}{{obj.name.errors.0}}</p> <p>性别:{{ obj.sex}}{{obj.sex.errors.0}} </p> <p>班级:{{ obj.cls_id }}{{ obj.errors.0}} </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
学生编辑
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>老师编辑</title> </head> <body> <form action="/teacher_edit{{ nid }}/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p>老师姓名:{{obj.tname }}</p> <p>班级:{{ obj.classes }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
老师管理多对多
老师显示
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>老师列表</title> </head> <body> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr><td>ID</td><td>老师</td><td>任教班级</td><td colspan="3">操作</td></tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for teacher in tlist %} <tr> <td>{{ teacher.id }}</td> <td>{{teacher.tname}}</td> <td> {% for row in teacher.c2t.values %} {{ row.title }} {% endfor %} </td> <td><a href="/teacher_add/">添加</a></td> <td><a href="/teacher_edit{{ teacher.id}}/">编辑</a></td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
老师添加
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加老师</title> </head> <body> <form action="/teacher_add/" method="post" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p>老师姓名:{{ obj.tname }}{{obj.tname.errors.0}}</p> <p>任教班级:{{ obj.classes }}{{obj.classes.errors.0}}</p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html>
老师编辑
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>老师编辑</title> </head> <body> <form action="/teacher_edit{{ nid }}/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <p>老师姓名:{{obj.tname }}</p> <p>班级:{{ obj.classes }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
PS:Form验证组件验证ajax提交的json
Django的form组件,不仅可以对 浏览器端 提交过来的form表单数据做验证,还可以对ajax提交的 json数据 做验证,但是需要在发送之前获取CSRF-tocken设置在请求头中;
$.ajax({ type: 'POST', async: false, cache: false, url: '{% url "instance_add" %}', headers:{"X-CSRFToken":$.cookie('csrftoken')}, contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "json", traditional:true, data:JSON.stringify({ "data_mode_type": $data_mode_type, 'database_type': $database_type, 'host': $host, 'port': $port, 'instance_nikename': $instance_nikename, 'db_business': $db_business, 'DBA': $DBA, 'responsible_person': $responsible_person }), success: function (data) { alert(1) } }); })
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from DB_auto.form_validate.add_dbinfo import dbinfo_create import json def instance_add(request): if request.method=='POST': json_data=json.loads(request.body.decode('utf-8')) obj=dbinfo_create(json_data) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: print(obj.errors) return render(request,'add_dbinfo.html')
七、ModelForm
使用Django开发web程序阶段回顾:
1.手动对单表进行增、删、该、查,手动把ORM操作获取的数据渲染到模板;(阶段1)
2.Form组件(类),自动生成标签(input、select),并对用户输入的数据做规则验证;(阶段2)
3.ModelForm顾名思义就Form和Django的Model数据库模型结合体,可以简单、方便得对数据库进行增加、编辑操作和验证标签的生成;
Form组件和ModelForm的区别
ModelForm是Django Model.py和Form组件的结合体,可以简单/快速使用 Form验证和数据库操作功能,但不如Form组件灵活,如果在使用Django做web开发过程中验证的数据和数据库字段相关(可以对表进行增、删、改操,注意 Many to many字段,也可以级联操作第3张关系表;),建议优先使用ModelForm,用起来更方便些,但是在使用ModelForm的时候慎用fields='__all__',获取数据库所有字段势必造成性能损耗;
使用ModelForm
前端:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> {{ form_obj.as_p }} {#<p>姓名:{{form_obj.name }}</p>#} </body> </html>
后端视图:
from app02 import models from django.forms import ModelForm class UserModalForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model=models.UserInfo #(该字段必须为 model 数据库中表) fields= '__all__' #(该字段必须为 fields 数据库中表) def add(request): # 实例化models_form if request.method=='GET': obj = UserModalForm() return render(request,'rbac/user_add.html',locals()) else: obj=UserModalForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): data=obj.cleaned_data obj.save() #form验证通过直接 添加用户信息到数据库 return render(request, 'rbac/user_add.html', locals())
model.py
使用使用Form组件和ModelForm注意事项:
1、model.py一点要写verbose_name='名称'参数,才会在前端显示P标签的标题;
from django.db import models class Department(models.Model): title=models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='部门名称') def __str__(self): return self.title class UserInfo(models.Model): name=models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='姓名') emai=models.EmailField(max_length=32,verbose_name='邮箱') pary=models.ForeignKey(Department,verbose_name='部门')
如果使用Form组件在前端显示标题,可以设置Form类中的lable参数
class UserInfoForm(Form): name=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='姓名') email=fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='邮箱') pary=fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,"技术部"),(2,'销售部'),(3,'市场部'),],label='部门')
2、pary=fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.Department.objects.values_list('pk','title'),label='部门'),前端select标签不能随数据库操作实时更新;
在Department表添加一条数据之后,前端select标签中的数据不能随数据库实时更新;
原因:
不管是ModelForm还是Form组件本质就是个类,fields(字段)本质就是类中的1个静态属性,在类第一次加载时赋值,永远不会更新;
解决方案1(手动档):
重写__init__方法,每次实例化对象,就去获取一次数据库内容,重新赋值;
class UserInfoForm(Form): name=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='姓名') email=fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='邮箱') pary=fields.ChoiceField(label='部门') # pary=fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.Department.objects.values_list('pk','title'),label='部门') def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(UserInfoForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['pary'].choices=models.Department.objects.values_list('pk','title')
解决方案2(自动档)
导入ModelChoiceField 模块 from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField
使用ModelChoiceField 字段
from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField class UserInfoForm(Form): name=fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='姓名') email=fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={'reqired':'用户名不能为空'},label='邮箱') #方案1 pary=ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.Department.objects.all(),label='部门')
自动挡虽好,但是也有缺陷;前端option标签的内容,需要借助model.py中的__str__方法,生成;
八、扩展 widgets之富文本编辑框
如果你的web应用涉及到了发表文章、表情评论就必须使用富文本编辑框,小编调研了两款 Kindeditor、CKeditor;
Kindeditor
1.Kindeditor简介
http://kindeditor.net/docs/usage.html
2.下载Kindeditor编辑器
http://www.kindsoft.net/down.php
3.引入Kindeditor编辑器
<script src="/static/kindeditor-4.1.10/kindeditor-all.js"></script>
4.使用Kindeditor编辑器
a.创建textarea 标签
<textarea name="content" id="a" cols="30" rows="10"></textarea>
b.初始化Kindeditor
<script> var edit=KindEditor.create('#a',{ width:'700px', height:'500px', uploadJson:'/upload_file/', extraFileUploadParams:{ 'csrfmiddlewaretoken':'{{ csrf_token }}',}}) </script>
c. Kindeditor功能定制
<script> var edit = KindEditor.create('#a', { items: [ //填写自己想要的功能 'fontname', 'fontsize', '|', 'forecolor', 'hilitecolor', 'bold', 'italic', 'underline', 'removeformat', '|', 'justifyleft', 'justifycenter', 'justifyright', 'insertorderedlist', 'insertunorderedlist', '|', 'emoticons', 'image', 'link'], width: '700px', height: '500px', uploadJson: '/upload_file/', extraFileUploadParams: { 'csrfmiddlewaretoken': '{{ csrf_token }}', } }) </script>
d.kindeditor的API
// 取得HTML内容 html = editor.html(); // 同步数据后可以直接取得textarea的value editor.sync(); html = document.getElementById('editor_id').value; // 原生API html = K('#editor_id').val(); // KindEditor Node API html = $('#editor_id').val(); // jQuery // 设置HTML内容 editor.html('HTML内容');
CKeditor结合Django Form
1.下载 django-ckeditor 和pillow
pip install django-ckeditor
pip install pillow
2.setings
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rbac.apps.RbacConfig', 'arya.apps.AryaConfig', 'cmdb.apps.CmdbConfig', 'rest_framework', 'ckeditor', # 'ckeditor_uploader' ]
CKEDITOR_CONFIGS = { 'default': { 'toolbar': ( # ['div','Source','-','Save','NewPage','Preview','-','Templates'], # ['Cut','Copy','Paste','PasteText','PasteFromWord','-','Print','SpellChecker','Scayt'], # ['Undo','Redo','-','Find','Replace','-','SelectAll','RemoveFormat'], # ['Form','Checkbox','Radio','TextField','Textarea','Select','Button', 'ImageButton','HiddenField'], # ['Bold','Italic','Underline','Strike','-','Subscript','Superscript'], # ['NumberedList','BulletedList','-','Outdent','Indent','Blockquote'], # ['JustifyLeft','JustifyCenter','JustifyRight','JustifyBlock'], # ['Link','Unlink','Anchor'], ['Smiley',], # ['Styles','Format','Font','FontSize'], # ['TextColor','BGColor'], # ['Maximize','ShowBlocks','-','About', 'pbckcode'], ), } }
3. 收集Django 项目所有 静态文件 到的目录static目录 / 直接下载ckeditor到项目static
python manage.py collectstatic #设置媒体文件的上传的路径 MEDIA_URL="/media/" #MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"media") MEDIA_ROOT='/tmp/cmdb_media/' STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
注意:此步骤如果提示 需要你设置MEDIA_URL目录 和STATIC_ROOT 就先暂且设置一下,最终目的是把CKeditor的js插件copy到你的静态文件存放目录下;
4.后端生成 textarea +加前端 ckedit 插件生成 富文本编辑
from ckeditor.widgets import CKEditorWidget class comment(Form): #评论框 content =fields.CharField(widget=CKEditorWidget)
{{ obj.content|safe }}
<script src="/static/pligin/ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js"></script>
<script src="/static/pligin/ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js"></script>
5.CKEditorWidget API
<script> $('.root_reply_btn').click(function () { var $reply_user = $(this).attr('name'); var $pid = $(this).attr('pid'); $('#comment_submit').attr('pid', $pid); CKEDITOR.instances.id_content.insertText('回复' + $reply_user + ':'); CKEDITOR.instances.id_content.insertHtml('<br>'); CKEDITOR.instances.id_content.focus(); #使CKEditorWidget进入编辑状态 (MD在后台测试了半天!!) });
CKEDITOR.instances.id_content.document.$.body.firstChild.textContent 获取p标签的文本内容 </script>
6.完成效果
博客链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/6144178.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7439088.html#3770465
DjangoForm补充:http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7487059.html