前言
我一直以为虚拟语气是是英语特有的，然而汉语也是有虚拟语气的，只不过这2种语言表达虚拟语气的方式不同。
- 如果我是一只林中的小鸟，我将努力挣脱，冲向蓝天怀抱。
- 我希望我会变得知识渊博，眼界广阔。
- 我应该努力读书。
- 她建议我走着去地铁站。
- 要不是我长得酷，我将一无是处。
此时，读者立马就会明白我的言外之意，我长得很酷、我不是一只小鸟、我的知识并不渊博、我学习也不努力、她建议我走着去地铁站时，我当时一定不在地铁站，否则她还建议我干嘛呢？
这就是虚拟语气，“虚拟” 就是说话人主观地表达了 “和说话人以为的真实情况，恰恰相反的非真实情况”。
那么作为读者的你，为什么能get到我（说话人）的言辞并非是真实呢？
因为汉语设计地微妙，我在汉语句子中前加了一些特殊的汉字，比如说 假如、如果、希望、应该、要不是、建议、应该.....这句话就变成了虚拟语气。
这句话的意思就和没有加之前意思完全不一样了，就变成了虚拟语气。
既然汉语有虚拟语气，我要换成英语表达。我要怎么去表达虚拟语气呢？
If I am a eagle now, I would soar high in the sky to visit the great mountains, rivers, lakes and oceans around the world.
这是不对的，英语不会通过单词本身的意思去表达虚拟语气。
If I were a eagle now, I would soar high in the sky to visit the great mountains, rivers, lakes and oceans around the world.
换了英文表达之后动词怎么都变化了？？？这就是汉语表达虚拟语气和英语表达虚拟语气的区别；
汉语侧重通过一些象形文字本身的意思去表达虚拟语气， 也就是以字表意。
英语侧重于通过一些谓语动词的形式变化去表达虚拟语气，也就是以形表意。
- 表示动作发生的时间和状态，这就是所谓的16种时态。
情态动词用于说话人主观表达对“情况”推测和假设， 和自己持有的 “态度”的助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。
我们还可以使用情态动词表达表达某人能力、提建议、应进的义务、请求允许。
常见的情态动词：
can/could, may/might, must, will/would, shall/should, dare, need, （情、实共存）ought to, have to 等。
说话人表达对情况的判断： The plan may work. 这个计划可能会奏效。 It should be her. 应该是她吧。 We shall win this game. 我们应该会赢吧。 It may probably snow soon. 没准待会就要下雪了。 说话人表达自己持有的态度： We must work hard. I should quit smoking. Shall we have dinner together? They should definitely get back together. 他们绝对应该破镜重圆
I might not get the chance to go to abroad. 我可能得不到出国的机会。
Rewards do not have to be stuff. 奖品不一定是实物。
常见情态动词的用法
也行你不太在意，我们在日常交流中无论是汉语还是英语都会经常使用情态动词。
我们在请求别人帮忙时，could给人的感觉是委婉，更礼貌。would的含义是不确定对方会不会做某事时的询问。
。
- A.表能力
I am a multi-lingual and can speak 7 languages. can 表现在能
No one in the world could understand him. could表过去能
ps :
can/could表能力时和be able to有什么区别？
Be able to 可以用于各种时态，而can/could只能用于现在时和过去时。
I have been able to speak 2 kinds of languages.
After 7 years, I will be able to speak 7 kinds of languages.
After 7 years, I will be can speak 7 kinds of languages.
Be able to有人称变化，而can/could没有。
He could support the whole family at the age of 17.
He was able to support the whole family at the age of 17.
Be able to 是客观描述“是否有能力做一件事”；而can 表示主观意愿 “是否能做”
I am able to spoil her, but I can't.
我可以溺爱她，但是我不能。
can 和could表可能性，相当于it is possible....
This can be a trap. 这可能是1个陷阱。
It can't be true. 这不可能是真的。
- C.表请求别人的许可
征求别人意见时，can和could都可以用，无时态差别，但是could比can语气更加礼貌和委婉。
Can you pass the salt, please? 你跟你老婆说话呢！
Could you pass the salt,please? 你跟你女朋友说话呢！
2.May和might
might作名词时有n.强大力量;威力的意思。
例如：Might is right. 有能力就是正确的。
- A.表推测
may和might两者都可以表达对事物的推测，might是may的过去式。
I think I may go to the game.
I thought I might go the game.
She is had no sleep. She may be tired.
You might need a break after several hours of reading.
- B.表请求、许可态度
May 和might表请求、许可时，might的语气比may委婉一些。
May I just interrupt for a moment? 比Can/Could更加委婉。
我能打扰您几分钟吗？
May I borrow your car tomorrow?
Yes, you you can. /No, you mustn't/can't.
C. May+主语+动词原因，表示 “祝愿 ”。
May you have a wonderful year.
祝你有1个事事顺心的一年。
Amen. May god bless you !
愿耶稣保佑你。
- D. May/might as well
表达礼貌的劝告，意思是 “您不妨、倒不如....”
If no one wants it, we may/might as well give it to him.
如果没人要的话，我们倒不如/不妨给他。
You may/might as well tell her the truth.
你不妨告诉她真相。
- E. May be 和 maybe的区别
Every day是形容词修饰名词，而everyday是adj.每天的;每日发生的;日常的
May be可能是而Maybe是副词
- A. must表达推测
由于语气非常有把握，是“一定和肯定的意思 ”。
He must be exhausted after ten hour's work.
工作了10个小时，他肯定累坏了。
- B.must的否定形式
must的否定形式表示 “绝对禁止 ”； have to的否定形式为 don't have to表示为"没有必要"。
You mustn't park here.
你禁止在这里停车。
You don't have to apologize.
你没有必要道歉。
- C. 回答must引导的一般疑问句。
Must I show up tomorrow?
我明天必须出现吗？
No. you don't have to./Yes, you must.
你没必要必须去。
- D. must没有时态变化，而have to 则有多种时态变化。
When you drive, you must wear seat belt.
I had to work a lot, before deadline.
我完成这个项目之前我不得不拼命工作。
A. Shall
(1) shall用于征求别人的意见，常用于第一人称。
Shall we dance? 我们可以跳舞吗？
(2) shall表达坚强决心（第一人称）或表必然结果，一定会发生的！！。
We shall overcome the difficulty.
我们一定会战胜困难得！ We shall never surrender our liberty.
我们永不舍弃自由。
Our days shall come.
我们的日子（期待的那一天）一终会到来。
(3)shall用在条约、规定、合同中表达应尽的义务和应该遵守的规定
No one shall take the books home.
任何人不得把书带回家。
shall表达应该的时候语气比较强烈，我们可以严于律己，我一定要怎么样！ 但是要宽以待人，所以shall用于第一人称而should用于第二人称，当我们想别人提出建议和提醒别人需要尽应尽义务时多用should。
B. should和ought to
(1)should/ought表达现在和将来某人需要尽的义务和责任，意为 “应该 ”。可以和 ought to 互换。
You should/ought to hand in your homework every day. 比shall更礼貌、委婉
你应该每天交作业。
You are supposed to hand in your homework every day. 比should更礼貌
您应该每天交作业。
(2).should/ought表达比较大的可能性，意为“按道理说应该”。
He should/ought to be here any minute.
他任何一分钟都可能会到。
(3).should/ought表达愤怒和惊讶，意思为 “竟然”。
It's strange that they should get married.
will和would可用于表达意愿
- A. will和would表达习惯和特性，will指现在，would指过去，意思为 “会、总是 ”。
The law system will punish those who break the law.
法律系统总会去惩罚那些遵纪守法的人。
When he was young, he would smoke a lot.
年轻的时候，他总会抽很多烟。
- B. will和would表达请求，would语气比will更加礼貌和委婉。
Will you close the window and turn off the light before you leave? 语气比较重
你走之前把窗户关上，灯关掉 好吗？
Would you close the window and turn off the light before you leave?
dare(敢)和need(需要)既可以做情态动词也可以做作助动词。dare和need可以用于表达意愿。
- A. dare和need情态动词
He needn't worry too much.
他不需要太担心。
She dared not go home, last night.
他昨天害怕不敢回家。
- B. dare和need实义动词
做实义动词时。后接不定式 to 做宾语，有人称的变化。
He dares to say what he thinks.
他敢于发言
He didn't dare to complain.
他不敢抱怨。
Does he need to speak louder?
他需要大声大声说话吗？
(1).情态动词+ be +doing形式
我们可以使用情态动词+be+doing的形式，可表达 “推测和判断正在进行的事情 ”。
She must be writing her essay at home.
此次此刻....她一定在写文章。
She may/might be sleeping right now.
现在...她有可能在睡觉。
She can't be playing video games now.
现在.....他不可能在打电子游戏。
(2).情态动词+ have +done形式
我们可以使用情态动词+ have +done形式，表达 “推测或者判断过去的情况”
- A. must have done
表示 “过去一定做了某事.. ”
He must have gone hone.
他肯定已经回家了。
- B. Could have done
表示“过去有能力（可以）做某事而未做某事 ”。（虚拟语气，与过去事实相反！）
He could have simply walked away.
他当时可以一走了之的。言外之意是他当时并没有那么做。
- C. May/might have done
表示“表示有可能、或许已经做了”，强调 “推测”。
It's been seven years. She might have forgotten me.
已经过去7年了，她也许已经把我忘了。
- D. Should have done
表示“本应该做某事，但是没做成 ”遗憾。（虚拟语气，与过去事实相反！）
否定形式表示 “本来不应该做但却做了 ”（虚拟语气，与过去事实相反！）
You should have/ought to have told me the truth.
你当时应该告诉我真想！言外之意是她当时没有告诉我真相。
She shouldn't/ought not to have left me alone.
她当年本来不应该和我分手。言外之意是我们已经分离了！
- E. needn't have done。
表达“本来不必做某事，但却做了某事 " （虚拟语气，与过去事实相反！）
She needn't have bought all these for child.
她本没有必要给她的孩子买那些礼物的。言外之意是她已经买了。
- F. would have done
I would have told you all about your ex-wife’s story but you didn't ask me.
我当时是会告诉你关于你前妻的事的，但是你没有问我。
二、英语语气种类
英语可以通过动词的变化，产生3种语气。方便我们描述不同的想法。
地球绕太阳转一圈是一年。
The earth takes a year to orbit the sun.
在北京把水加热到100度，水就会沸腾。
If you heat water to 100 Celsius degree in Beijing, it boils.
祈使语气 Imperative mood
我们经常在公共场所，看到用于命令/请求的祈使语气。
特点是：省略主语You
请站稳扶好。
Please stand firm and hold the handrail.
求求你给我点个赞。
Please, give me a thumbs-up ! or Never give up !
Don't smoking.
保持安静
Be quilte.
虚拟语气：Subjective Mode :
18世纪德国的大哲学家-康德。定义了Subjective这个单词新的意思，为adj.在脑中产生的 主观的(非现实世界的);主观的(非客观的);主语的;主格的
虚拟语气：虚：虚假；拟：打算、猜测，用于表示所说的内容是一种主观的愿望、假想、或者建议（建议也是现在还没发生的事情，发生我建议干啥呢？）。
If I were a eagle now, I could fly freely in the sky.
如果我是一只雄鹰，我就能够在天空自由地飞翔。
If I the weather is fine tomorrow, I will go hiking.
如果明天天气好，我就出去走走。
My mum said 5 days ago if I got 100 marks in the coming exam, she would buy me a new Apple 11 pro.
如果我在即将到来的考试中得了100分，她会给我买一台新的苹果11 pro。我妈妈5天前说。
The doctor suggested that I should have good rests.
医生建议我好好休息。
I wish that every beauty around the world coud love me.
我希望所有美女都爱我。
你会发现以上我描述的内容，都是一些我主观的美好愿望、建议、假设、想象或者 有那么一些概率发生的事情，并不是板上钉钉的事情。
这就是虚拟语气的作用，开玩笑、建议、祝福、假设，描述你大脑中理想要发生的事情，并非真实世界中已经发生的事情。
三、系统地理解虚拟语气的方法
学生时代我始终无法系统地理解虚拟语气，第1条件句、第2条件句、第3条件句，0条件句、Wish、Hope+宾语从句时省略情态动词.....。
第1条件句
用于表示未来可能会发生或成为现实的条件或假设，遵循主将从现的原则。
If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to put off the sports meeting.
第2条件句
用于表示与现在事实相反或将来不可能成为现实的条件或假设。
If I had ten million dollars, I would buy that villa.
If I were you, I would ask Mary to marry me.
第3条件句
用于表示与过去事实相反的条件或假设。
If I had followed his advice, my boyfriend wouldn't have left me.
如果我当初听从了他的建议，我男朋友就不会离开了。
（事实上我没听他的建议，我的男朋友也已经离开了我。）
零条件句
表示只要满足了某个条件，总会出现某种现象或导致某种结果，通常用于表示经过验证的科学理论等。
如：If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
虚拟语气学习方法
后来我总结了虚拟语气的应用场景，根据虚拟语气的作用，把虚拟语气划分为2大类。
- If引导到的虚拟条件状语从句
- 名词性从句
四、虚拟语气在条件状语从句的应用
If引导的条件状语从句是虚拟语气的应用场景之一。
条件句分为：
- 真实条件句： 表达主观认为发生概率很高的事情。
- 非真实条件句：表达主观认为发生概率不高的事情。
真实条件句
1.什么是真实条件句？
我们使用真实条件句即第1条件句，也就是主将从现的形式，表达将来很有可能发生的情况。
现在是北京的雨季，明天很有可能下雨的。
If he needs, he will buy a big house in Beijing.
他很有可能会在北京买房的。
If I feel tired, I will buy a cup of coffee.
我很有可能去买咖啡的。
2.区分第一条件句和将来虚拟条件句？
第一条件句、将来虚拟条件句，都是在对将来的事情表示推测，区别是2种推测暗含的发生概率有很大不同。
明天是好天气的概率很高，可能是在春季或秋季说的。
非真实条件句
表示很难发生或者发生概率极低的事情。虚拟语气分为以下3种类型；
我们可以发现规律，虚拟语气是根据虚拟事件的发生时间，是对过去的假设？是对现在的假设？是对未来的假设？对谓语动词采取了3种不同的变形；
小结
- 我们表达对将来的虚拟时可以使用：动词过去(did/were)/ were to + do/ should + do，这3种形式中的任意一种。
- 其中现在虚拟条件句其中的1种形式（if + 主语 + 动词过去式），和将来虚拟条件句的形式是完全一样的。
- 现在虚拟条件句从句中的be动词一律使用were。
If It were a fine day tomorrow, we would go hiking in the mountains.
If it were to be a fine day tomorrow, we would go hiking in the mountains.
If it should be a fine day tomorrow, we would go hiking in the mountains.
这虚拟语气为什么谓语动词的时态都错位了呢？
假设我是如来肩上那只大鹏鸟，我得到了如来的月光宝盒，我应该怎么使用它呢？
- 我想改变将来要发生的某件事，我就应该去将来那个事情发生之后，然后回到将来的过去，也就是那个事情发生的时候改变它。
- 我想改变现在，我就应该回到过去
- 我想改变过去，我就得回到过去的过去
现在事实：I don't have the money.
违反现在事实： If I bought many houses in Beijing, I would have more money.
现在事实： I don't know all the answers.
违反现在事实：If I knew all the answers, I should be a genius.
现在事实：We don't have the chance to talk with her.
违反现在事实：If I had the chance to talk with her, we could understand each other better.
现在事实：I am not you.
违反现在事实：if I were you, I might give it up.
所以你比我厉害，你一直在坚持，要我是你我就放弃啦！
现在事实：She is a girl.
违反现在事实：If she were a man, she should not get married.
现在事实：It is not only an hour.
违反现在事实：If it were only an hour, I might wait for you.
2.我要回到过去的过去，改变过去。
过去的事实：I didn't go the meeting, so I didn't meet the new colleague.
违反过去事情：If I had gone to the meeting, I would have meet the new colleague.
过去的事实：I forgot to bring my laptop home with me, so I didn't fish the report before the deadline.
违反过去事情：I hadn't forgotten to bring my laptop home with me, so I should haven fished the report before the deadline.
过去的事实：I didn't study hard, so I didn't score 120.
违反过去事情: If I had studied hard, I could have scored 120.
过去的事实：The neighbors intervened, so she didn't get killed.
违反过去事情: If the neighbors hadn't intervened, she might have been killed.
3.我要回到将来的将来，改变将来。也就是时间倒退到过去将来。
If I were to rich tomorrow, I would tell her I love her.
If we were to say goodbye, what would you do?
If I were to marry a right person, I would be very happy.
虚拟语气就是通过对动词时态采取时间倒退+情态动词的方式，重新虚拟出一种情况。
例句
If we had met each other earlier, we would have got married. 对过去的假设 If she were a tear in my eye, I would never shed it. 对现在的假设 If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. 对将来的虚拟 If the sun were to rise in the west, I'd never change my mind to love you forever. 对将来的虚拟 If we were to say goodbye, what would you do? 对未来的假设
If most of youngsters failed to be confident they would achieve nothing until the end of their life.
如果我听了老师的话，我早就拥有一个灿烂的未来了。
If I had followed my teacher at the beginning, I could have had a brilliant future.
如果她能嫁给一个有钱人，她的母亲可能就会善待她吧。
如果现在你是我眼中的一滴泪，我将永远不会哭。
If I hadn't lost my key last night, I could have slept on my bed.
五、虚拟语气在名词性从句的应用
虚拟语气除了可以在if引导的条件状语从句中使用，还可以在一些名词性从句的使用。
should被省略的宾语从句
order/command 命令
suggest/advise/recommend 建议
require/request/demand/beg 要求
以上谓语动词引导的宾语从句中都需要使用虚拟语气并且should 可以被省略。
His grand father insist that he is in a good shape and he should stay at home rather than hospital
他也有坚持认为他的身体很好，应该呆在家里而不是住院。
The docker suggested that you should have a rest right now.
医生建议你应该好好休息。
The docker suggested that you have a rest right now.
医生建议你应该好好休息。
should be done被动语态
The head teacher command that doors and windows should be shut after school.
班主任命令我们放学时把门窗关好。
The head teacher command that doors and windows be closed after school.
班主任命令我们放学时把门窗关好。
suggest: 建议、按时、表明
The smile on her face suggested that she is/was satisfied with me. 不虚拟情况
她的笑容暗示她对我很满意。如果suggest的意思是表明/暗示那么就不需要虚拟。
My teacher suggested that I should change my approach to learning. 虚拟情况
wish 引导的宾语从句
wish 和if一样，可以表达对现在、过去、将来的虚拟。
Now,I wish that I were a bird,flying freely on the sky. 现在的虚拟
I wish that I haven't stayed up late last night. 过去的虚拟
我希望昨晚我没有熬夜。（希望渺茫）
I wish that I would be a teacher in the future. 将来的虚拟
我希望我在未来可以成为一名老师。（希望渺茫）
注意：wish在表达对将来的虚拟时，不使用were/were to/should do而是全部使用 would do.
六、虚拟语气的特殊用法
If I had taken your advice to take some medicine, I would be fine now.
如果我当初听你的建议去吃药，我现在应该已经康复了。
含蓄虚拟语气
你可能看到 “If ” 就知道这是一个虚拟语气的标志，但是有时英文句子也好暗含虚拟语气；
otherwise意为：adv.否则;不然;除此以外;在其他方面;另;亦
but for意为：倘若没有;要不是
without意为：adv. 没有;缺乏
Without your helps, I couldn't have finished my work on time yesterday.
没有你的帮助，我昨天就不能按时完成工作了。
But for good looks, I couldn't have fallen in love with my former girl friend at college.
在大学的时候，要不是我长得帅，恐怕前女友也不会有。
Thanks for your helps sincerely, otherwise I would have been homeless 10 years ago.
要不是10年前你的帮助，我恐怕早已露宿街头了。
条件状语从句倒装
如果if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句中谓语动词是were/had/should, 我们可以把助动词提到句首、然后省略if，对这个条件状语从句进行倒装。
Had I taken your advice to take some medicine, I would be fine now.
Were you a tear in my eye, I would never shed it.
