前言
还记得阿甘正传结尾处，天空飘起的那根羽毛吗？
有人说在这个宇宙中我们每个人只是1根小小的羽毛而已，只要你想阿甘一样的执着地奋斗着，你一定可以在自己的天空中划出一道美丽的风景。
什么是名词性从句
名词可以在句子中充当什么成分名词性从句也就能充当什么成分，这就是名词性从句。
所以名词性从句=1个比较长的名词
名词性从句有：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句4类。
1.名词在句子中可以从当什么成分？
This movie is encouraging. 名词作主语
I appreciate his mother. 名词作谓语
Gump is a real man. 名词作表语
I enjoy the part, the end. 名词作同位语
Pollution, a universal issue throughout the world, becomes increasingly serious.
We, Chinese customers, should support our domestic products.
2.名词替换成名词性从句
当我们无法使用1个名词表达出具体意思的时候，就可以考虑使用从句（引导词+1个句子）。
What i saw repeatedly is encouraging. 主语从句
I appreciate what his mother said. 宾语从句
Gump is who we should learn from. 表语从句
I enjoy the part that feather was flying in the sky. 同位语从句
3.名词性从句和定语从句的区别？
名词从句=引导词+陈述句
定语从句=名词+引导词+陈述句
4.限制性定语和非限制性定语从句的区别？
I love my wife, who is beautiful.(非限制性从句) 好男专用
限制：车多了我就需要先行，进地铁的人流量大了就需要限流。
如果只有1辆车、1个人，我们自然不需要限制了。
同样限制性定语就是把1个模糊的名词----》描述清楚----》使概念变小。
如果是1个名词或者1个句子（已经说的很明白了），就1个还需要限制吗？肯定不需要限制了！这就是非限制性定语从句。
5.一个定语从句修饰 and 连接的多个名词
We should be always optimistic, positive and confident which can make us very powerful！
乐观、积极、自信都可以让我们变得强大。
名词性从句的引导词
从句=引导词+句子，所以我们要想使用从句，一定要从引导词开始。
1.当从句是陈述句时， 使用引导词 that， 并且that在从句中不从当任何成分，也没有任何意思。
2.当从句是一般疑问句时， 使用引导词whether，并且whether在从句中不从当任何成分，有是否的意思。
3.当从句是特殊疑问句时， 使用特殊疑问词（when,what,which....）
从句永远是陈述语序。也就是引导词+主语+谓语的形式。
That superstars never fail to fascinate her is obvious. 她喜欢明星是显而易见的。 Whether he loves any superstars is self-evident. 她是否喜欢明星？是显而易见的。 Which superstar he loves is conspicuous. 她喜欢哪个明星？是显而易见的。
What decisions to make when specific conditions are encountered.
当遇到特殊情况时，应该做出什么决策？
让我感兴趣的是失败的作用。
What surprised me was that he was willing to admit to being a failure.
让我吃惊的是，他愿意愿意承认自己的失败。
What I liked about his talk was the way he was so positive about failure.
我喜欢他的谈话的地方是，他如此积极地看待失败的方式。
One thing that was cool was that he wanted to pass on real-world experience.
很酷的事情使他想要将显示世界的经验传递下去。
One thing I admire about him is his honesty.
主语从句
主语从句就是使用引导词+句子，替代了原来主语位置的名词。
英语忌讳头重脚轻所以，我们一般使用it做形式主语。
主语从句常见表达
It is common knowledge that....
It is my belief that.....
It is self-evident that ....
It has been found that....
It is beyond dispute that.....
It is universally acknowledged that....
It has been widely accepted that....
It is generally agreed that
我想知道人为什么生活在地球上。
I am wondering why human beings live on the earth.（宾语从句）
她成功地找到了一个女朋友，这使我很开心。
That he found a girl friend successfully makes me very happy.
有一天你会发现，事业、亲情、友情都比爱情重要。（主语从句）
One day: 一般指已经发生过的事情
kinship:亲情
Someday day, I will find that careers, kinship and friendship are both more important that love itself.（宾语从句）
他们为什么离开家乡去西藏的原因是一个谜团。(主语从句)
Why they left their hometown for Tibet is mystery.
我正在思考我是否应该和女朋友分手。（宾语从句）
reflecting :反思、思考
I am reflecting weather I should separate with my girlfriend.
昨天是一个历史，明天是一个谜，但是今天是一个礼物，这就是为什么它叫作 “present ”。
Yesterday is history and tomorrow is a mystery. By contrast today is a present for us. That is why it is called pres
ent!
PS:曾经我这么那么傻？曾经我怎么没有考上一个好大学？我曾经遇到的都是一些什么人？
That women are always right is a general knowledge.
Tend to be=易于做某事;往往会发生某事;有做某事的倾向
That ladies tend to be right is a common knowledge.
It is a common knowledge that ladies tend to be right.
读书的目的是涤荡我们的灵魂，这是毋庸置疑的。
beyond dispute= 不可置疑的
pure: adj 纯的
purify: v. 净化
不特指的多个人写成=those
Glory ：n. 荣誉;光荣;桂冠;(对上帝的)赞颂，赞美，崇拜;壮丽;辉煌;灿烂 v.夸耀;得意
validate：证实、验证、还记得 Django 的form验证码？
It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those who have dreams and pursue their dreams persistently.
brought into limelight= 引起人们的注意
under modern conditions=nowadays 现在
It's my belief that the issue about raising pets should be brought into limelight under modern conditions.
他已经找了女朋友这件事使家人很开心。
The thing that he has already found a girlfriend makes his families very happy.
The matter that he has found a girlfriend makes his families very rejoiced.
没人会无缘无故变优秀，这个事实总是被很多人忽略。
The fact that nobody can be excel without endeavors is ignored by a sea of people.
没有什么能掩盖她正在变老这个事实。
Nothing can cover the truth that she is aging.
Nothing can hide the fact that she is getting old.
科学家们已经得出结论：地球的温度将会变得越来越高
Scientists have contend that the temperature of the earth is increasing.
Scientists have come to a conclusion that temperature on the earth has become higher and higher.
穿自己的鞋不仅方便，而且确保了一点，不用去管别人的感受。
主语从句
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.
地球板块正在移动是毋庸置疑的。
at the expense of： 以…为代价;以牺牲…的利益为代价
vice versa ：相反
seen as ：被视为
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which seen as the driving force.
政府应该以牺牲技术为代价增加对科学的投入，还是以牺牲科学投入为代价增加对技术的投入，经常取决于哪一个问题看起来更有驱动力。
How well the prediction will be validated by late performance depends upon the amount, reliability and appropriateness of information and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
以后的行为将会多么准确地证明这些预言，取决于所使用信息的数量、可靠性和适当性，并且还取决于解释信息的技巧和智慧。
readily: adv.快捷地;轻而易举地;便利地;欣然地;乐意地
make use of : 使用;利用
grasp：抓紧;抓牢;理解;领会;领悟;明白;急忙抓住，毫不犹豫地抓住(机会)
It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.
显而易见，1个高智商的人可以轻易理解思想（悟性高）、能辨别是非、能进行逻辑推理、还能使用语言和数学符号解决问题。
deprivation ：缺乏;贫困;丧失;剥夺
deprive ：剥夺;使丧失;使不能享有
sleep deprivation：睡眠剥夺
For example, it has long been know that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.
比如说 众所周知，完全的睡眠剥夺对于老鼠来说是致命的，但是检查它们的尸体之后发现这些动物看起来完全正常。
has big advantage over = 比…有很大的优势
It has long been know that a taxi firm called AAA cars has big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时，名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有更大的优势。
in turn：继而;转而;反过来;逐一;依次;轮流地
be bound up with... :和...有直接关系
rests upon = depend on 依赖
Furthermore, it is obvious that strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts scientists and technologists of all kinds.
宾语从句
来看一些例句
She said (that) she would marry an old rich man.
that为什么加了括号呢？是以为只有在宾语从句中，that可以省略，其他从句不可以省略。
I ate the soup (that) my mother cooked.
另外That引导的定语从句是，如果在从句中充当宾语也可以省略。
I wonder if I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.
demonstration : n.集会示威;游行示威;示范;示范表演;演示;证明;证实;论证;说明
This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in.
A fact underlined by statistics shows that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
这单独证实了电视行业生存艰难。1898年，一个有数据支撑的事实显示在80个中欧洲电视网络之中不少于50%是亏损的。
intently： adv.专心地
very：
adv. (置于形容词、副词和限定词前)很，非常，十分，极;(强调形容词最高级或置于own前)完全，十足;完全同样;完全同一 adj. (特指人或事物)正是的，恰好的，同一的;(强调极限的地点或时间)最…的，极端的，十足的;(加强名词的语气)仅仅的，唯独的，甚至于
He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and his own observation.
达尔文认为恰恰是这个困难可能具有补偿性优势，正是这个补偿性优势迫使达尔文去长时间、专注、的思考每一个句子，所以使他可以发现推理和观察中的错误。
build up: 逐步建立；增进；增强；积累
natural laws：自然法则
extract from: 从...中提取
manage to do sth : 设法;设法做成;成功做某事;成功做;他设法及时完成了任务
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction(演绎法), that by the help of operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skills of their own, they build up their theories.
你们都听说过这些事情吧：科学家通过归纳法和演绎法进行工作。并且通过这些方法的帮助他们成功的从自然中抽出了一些自然法则，并且在这些自然法则之外科学家们通过他们自己的一些特殊的技能，逐渐建立了自己的理论。
只要见到系动词后面有个引导词通常都是表语从句。
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them.
一个报告被游客不断地带回来，都是说大部分美国人对他们是多么 友好、彬彬有礼、乐于助人。
Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.
be preoccupied by sth : 太专注于.....
integrate: v.(使)合并，成为一体;(使)加入，融入群体
disintegrate v.碎裂;解体;分裂;衰微;瓦解;崩溃
spring from : 来源于;涌出来的;来自;源于
victims: 牺牲品
女人太过于专注于她们的家庭，一旦她们的婚姻开始破裂，这些女人就迷失了自我。这就是不幸的来源和许多离婚妈妈视她们自己为婚姻牺牲品的原因。
同位语从句
habitual thought ： 习惯性思维
determine： v. 查明;测定;准确算出;决定;形成;支配;影响;确定;裁决;安排
定语从句和同位语从句都在名词之后。
Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
Whorf 对语言和思维的方式感兴趣，他有了一种想法，这种想法就是语言的结构决定了一个社会中习惯性思维结构。
formulated: v 制订;规划;构想;准备;确切表达;认真阐述
disguise： v.假扮;装扮;伪装;掩蔽;掩饰 n.伪装物;化装用具;假扮;装扮;伪装
a blessing in disguise ：因祸得福;坏事变好事;祸中有福
disguise v.假扮;装扮;伪装;掩蔽;掩饰 n.伪装物;化装用具;假扮;装扮;伪装
unconscious: adj 意识到;注意到;神志清醒的;有知觉的;有意识的;慎重的;有意的;刻意的
A century age, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears.
一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德阐述了他革命性的理论，这个理论就是梦是我们无意识的欲望和恐惧伪装出来的影子。
citizen: n.公民;居民;市民
But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.
这个句子宾语由1个并列也就是2个句子组成。
关于记者要比普通公民更懂法律这个想法，取决于对记者对既定风俗的理解和记者对新媒体的特殊责任的理解。
speech sounds : 语音;言语语音;语言学;语声
Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
Evidence came up： 主+ 谓+同位语（被放在后面了）
证据表明： 六个月大的婴儿就可以识别具体的说话声音了。
triumphs ：n.巨大成功;重大成就;伟大胜利;(巨大成功或胜利的)心满意足，喜悦，狂喜;(成功的)典范
楷模 v.打败;战胜;成功
It has been validated by numerous facts that triumphs belong to those sparing no efforts.
成功属于全力以赴的人被无数事实证明。
问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧而负责？
The key matter is who should be charge for ethic decline.
经过很多天的思考，我得出一个结论，成功是一件相关的事情，因为它会给你带来很多的亲戚。
After days of my consideration, a conclusion could be drawn that success is really a relative matter because it can bring you too many relatives.
因此，根据我的分析，我强烈反对那些认为老师应该为学生的学习负全责的看法。
Therefore, from all of my analysis, I strongly oppose the viewpoint that teachers should be fully responsible for the learning of students.
