前言
之前听过陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、倒装句、插入语、祈使句。
不明白为什么又是这个句？又是这语呢？好乱啊...
其实都是本着表达不同思想的目的，从不同功能维度划分出来的语法术语。
英语语气，语气分为祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
英语语序，语序分为有陈序语序、倒装语序、插入语序三大类。
A.从语气来说英语分为
陈述语气：描述目客观事实。
祈使语气：主观表达强烈的请求、命令。
虚拟语气：主观表达不强烈的请求和建议，说话人认为这是一些和客观事实相反，发生概率及其底的的希望、建议。
如果我们想要交流，人的言语可以是主观、多变的，但是语法它是客观的。
Tomorrow,I wish I would be a rich man .这对于目前我来说，我感觉不太现实。就使用个虚拟语气把！
Tomorrow, I will be a rich man. 这就是我说的（你不了解我），你也不能说这是语法错误！！！
所以虚拟语气是相对陈述语气而言。
B.从语序来说英语分为
陈序语序：句子主干成分遵循主、谓、宾、主、系、表这这顺序。
倒装语序：把谓语部分的助动词或者情态动词 OR 整个谓语部分提到主前，用于强调表语或者状语成分！
插入语序：在一个句子中间插入一个成分，它不作句子的何种成分，也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系，同时既不起连接作用，也不表示语气，这个成分称之插入语。
倒装语序是相对陈序语序而言。
英文倒装句是什么？
我们可以通过颠倒自然语序中的一些句子成分，引起读者、听者的注意，达到强调的目的。就是倒装。
倒装是相对语正常的语序（陈序语序）而言的， 其实我们刚上初中的时候就开始接触倒装，也就是一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、There be句型。
我们把整个谓/表语动词或者是谓语动词的一部分（助动词/情态动词）放在主语之前的，这一种语法现象叫作倒装。
其实学习英语语法就像学习一种已经被人定义好的法规，它存在即是合理的！
我们学习英语语法可以从3个方面掌握它：
1.是什么？
2.为什么？
3.怎么用？
我们颠倒主语和谓/表语的语序 就来强调被放在句子最前面的表语或者状语部分。
倒装句的类型？
倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装；
完全倒装：把整个谓语动词放在主语之前；
部分倒装：主语是代词
部分倒装：就是把情态/助动词提前变成一般疑问句。
下面我将介绍在那些情况下，可以使用倒装句。
使用完全倒装的情况
完全倒装=标志词+谓语动词+主语+其他句子成分
在5大句型中只有主谓、主系表2大不包含宾语成分的句型，才可以进行完全倒装。
因为主谓完全倒装之后例如：I beat you .You beat me.会影响整个句子表达的含义，出现表达错误，违背了语言表达的初衷。
主语必须是名词，当主语为代词时无法进行完全倒装。
因为人称代词有就近匹配原则，也会引起句子意思的改变。
完全倒装结构只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
因为一般过去时和现时构成时态没有助动词
There be句型强调有
There be句型也属于完全倒装，谓语动词在主语前面。我们通过这种倒装，强调存在。
There is a lamp on the table. There are some apples in the bowl. There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag. There is a ruler,two pens and five books in the school bag.
There stand various old trees.
状、谓、主强调时间、地点、方位状语
只要是主+谓+状结构的句子，你就要考虑是不是可以倒装了。
并不是所有状语都可以被完全倒装，只有表时间、位置、方向的副词/介词短语才可以被放在句子开头被强调。
地点副词：Here、There、
时间副词：Now、Then
方位副词：Out、In、Up、Down、Away
Now is（系） the time(主语) to make plans for the future.
你可别把Now当成主语哦！ Now comes a good chance to deal with the problem.
Now comes your turn.
--------------------------- There comes the bus. Here is the book.
---------------------------
Awaay went the girl.------->A girl went away.
-------------------------------------------------------
表示地点的介词短语
At the foot of TaiHang Mountain lie a peacefull village which is my hometown. In the east rises the sun. In front of my house stands a tree. On the top of the mountain.
South of city lies a big steel factory.
West region of China, is an amazing place. 中国的西部，广袤而神奇。
From the vally came a frightening sound.
Under the tree stands a liitle boy.
Away from the hustle and bustle of Beijing stands a temple like no other.
Eastward flows the rolling Changjiang River. 滚滚长江 东逝水！ Out rushed a bear. ----->A bear rushed out. In came a teacher. ------->A teacher came in.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
表、系、主强调表语
好男人就是我；我就是好男人。这两句话表达的意思没有什么区别。只是强调侧重点不一样。
主系表倒装成表系主的原因：
1.强调表语部分
2.使句子更加匀称：把句子的主干成分主、系、表放在一起，便于读者快速理解整个句思。
The girl(主) is（系） sitting under the tree（介词短语作表语）.
He （主）who is content（定语从句） is(系)happy. 译为：知足者常乐。
The boy (主)who is play basketball with his friends（定语从句） is(系) handsome.
以上主系表句型都可以倒装为表系主结构，主要是为了强调句子的表语成分，在阅读时千万不要把表语当成主语， 疑惑为什么“形容词作了主语”？
Sitting under the tree(表) is（系） the girl（主）. 强调那个女孩是 （坐在大树底下的！）。
Happy(表)is（系）he(主) who is content. 强调知足者是常 （乐！） 的。
Handsome(表)is(系)the boy (主)who is playing basketball withe his friends. 强调（很帅！）那个打篮球的男孩。
考研例句：
Adding to woman's increased dose(剂量) of stress chemicals (化学药品) are（系） her increased "opportunities" for stress.
Her increased "opportunities" for stress are（系） adding to woman's increased dose(剂量) of stress chemicals (化学药品).
随着女性接触”压力“机会的日益增加，也增加了她们体内压力性化学物质的剂量。
The division of labor ：劳动分工
laid out：哈哈....还记得前端的layout页面吗？布局、布置、安排；陈列
clinically：朴素地、客观地（非常符合逻辑的，不带感情的）临床地
methodically：有条不紊;有系统地；井井有条地
The household（主语） in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out is（系） rare.
Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.
是很少的家庭，家庭分工是被客观地并有条理地安排。
哈哈哈哈~直翻译出来简直不像中国人说得是吗？当然不是中国人说的了！！
这就是前面我提到的中英语言表达思维差异，造成的。
能够客观、公平安排家务的家庭很少。----估计是在说男女应该均摊家务。
veterans：经验丰富的人;老手;退伍军人;老兵;老战士;老水兵
outreach:n.外展服务(在服务机构以外的场所提供的社区服务等)v.到达顶端;超越
Among the strategies that have proved effective
are(系)
shift from merit-based to need-based financial aid and outreach to community college graduates and veterans.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shift from merit-based to need-based financial aid and outreach to community college graduates and veterans
are(系)
among the strategies that have proved effective.
------------------------------------------------
从基于个人成绩（奖学金）财政资助转变为基于个人需要（助学金）的财政资助
以及（and连接2个主语）
将援助范围扩大到社区大学（相当于国内的专科和民办院校）的大学生以及退伍军人的策略
都是
切实可行切富有成效的。
可以部分倒装的情况
部分倒装就是把助动词或情态动词提到主语之前（把陈序句就是变成一般疑问句），然后再把一些标志词放在句首；
部分倒装=标志词+一般疑问句
部分倒装=标志词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他句子成分
那么出现哪些标志词我们才可以进行倒装呢？这就需要我们去记忆了。这也就是学习倒装句的难点。
常见的否定词:Not,Liittle,hardly(几乎不),Never(从不),By no means(绝对不是)，No sooner...than...，Not only....but also（即..也..连词）,At no time(绝不)
In no case,In no event,Nowhere,Seldom（很少）。
At no time and in no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
在任何时候任何情况下中国都不会首先使用核武器。
Seldom do I go out alone at night.
She not only has much money but also has many friends.
I have never been to other countries except Japan. Never have I been to other counties except Japan. She seldom takes a shower in winter. Seldom does she take a show in the winter. fail to pour attention=ignore The public can fail to pour attention into the issue of pollution under no circumstances. Under no circumstances can the public fail to pour attention into the issue of pollution.
2.So/As(表承前的肯定/也是)，Nor/Neither（表承前的否定/也不是）。
也/也不....，那就是强调都...怎么......强调遭遇、步调和立场一致！
Tom watched TV last night.So,do I.我也是。
Tom didn't watched TV last night.Nor/Neither did I.我也没有/不是。
Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes
Yeah,I remember, and so does ALL of the staff that you said it in front of. 我加了个定语从句你可千万别懵逼哦！All of the staff 是集合名词
My classmate can speak Japanese. I can speak Japanese,too. My classmate can speak Japanese and so can I speak Japanese. America is a democratic nation. Canada is a democratic nation too. America is a democratic nation so is Canada. I cannot dance well. My brother cannot dance either. I cannot dance well neither can my brother.
3.so...that 的倒装：
强调形容词
so....that.... （如此....以至于......）引导的目的状语从句都可以变成倒装句。
把So + adj/adv提到句首，然后变成一般疑问句, 注意我们不能把从句部分也倒装了，因为从句永远是陈序形式。
I feel so frightened that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
So frightened do I feel that I lose my sleep for the whole night.
You speak so fast that I can hardly catch what you say.
So fast do you speak that I can hardly catch what you say
He was so excited that he cannot help laughing at midnight.
So excited was he that he cannot help laughing at midnight.
convinced: adj.坚信;深信;确信;坚信不移的;有坚定信仰(或信念)的
forecefullt:强有力的，有说服力的
He is giving a speech so forcefully that everyone present is convinced.
So forcefully is he giving a speech that everyone present is convinced.
She looks so gorgeous that she can catch the eyes of everyone at the party.
So gorgeous does she look that she can catch the eyes of everyone at the party.
4.only + 状语 位于句首作倒装
强调只有...
only+状语：就是只有在某1 中状态下。
如果句子中包含only+状语我们就可以把句子进行部分倒装。
I only love you deeply.
Only deeply do I love you.
You can find real peace only in your own heart.
Only in your owne heart can you find real peace.
His girlfriend called his name only once.
Only once did his girlfriend call his name.
Comrade Zhang Side：张思德同志
Our dearest comrade Zhang Side always lives only in the depths of our heart. Only in the depths of my heart does our dearest comrade Zhang Side always live.
You will call your mother only when you need living expenses.
Only when you need living expenses will you will call your mother.
5.as引导的让步状语从句的倒装：
强调让步
as 引导的状语从句也可以进行倒装，把形容词/副词/名词放句首+as，但助动词提前变成一般疑问句！！
形容词放句首 Ugly as I look, I am quite gentle. 虽然我很丑但是我很温柔。 far-reaching：影响深远的 Simple as the drawing seems the meaning behind it is far-reaching. 副词放句首 Happily as we stay together ,I would not like to see him again. Much as I love my mother，I cannot agree with her. 名词放句首 Old man as he is,I cannot forgive his bad behavior.
6、省略if的虚拟语气倒装
所有if引导的虚拟语气条件状语从句都可以进行倒装，去掉去掉从句中的 if 之后，再把从句变成一般疑问句即可。主句保持不变。
虚拟语气中如果省略了if,就是把句子变成了倒装 If you were a tear in my eye,I would never shed it. 如果你是我眼中的一滴泪，我就永远不会哭。 Were you a tear in my eye,I would never shed it. If you had been a dog last night,you could have slept beside girls. Had you been a dog last night,you could have slept beside girls. If I should be the president,I would make a lot of changes in the company. Should I be the president,I would make a lot of changes in the company.
参考
