英汉翻译技巧之直译与意译、正说与反说、顺序法和逆序法

二、直译与意译

直译是基础，意译是补充

能直译就尽量直译，不能直译就采取意译

1. Their accent couldn’t fool a native speaker.

A.他们的口音不能愚弄本地人  B.本地人是不会听不出他们是外乡人的  C.本地人一听他们的口音便知道他们是外乡人的。

2. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.

意译: 砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。直译: 砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。

3. He felt a rush of fear churning his stomach.

直译: 他感到一阵恐惧涌上胃口  意译: 他感到一阵恐惧涌上心头

4. He bent solely upon profit.

A.他只屈身与利润之前  B.只有利润才使他低头  C.他惟利是图

5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decanted in Munich ?

A.当我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前有任何在火车上吃早饭的可能性吗。 B.我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前，有可能在火车上吃早饭吗。

6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago.

A. 他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多  B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难  C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。

 

三、正说与反说

1. The administration was free corruption. 这届政府没有腐败现象

2. Wet paint. 油漆未干

3. I remained confused about the problem. 这个问题我还是不懂

4. They are dependent on each other. 他们谁也离不开谁

5. He is far from what I expected. 他远不是我想象的那样。

6. let bygones be bygones. 既往不咎

7. As was expected, he passed the exam easily. 果不出所料， 他轻而易举地通过了考试

8. We will live up to what our Party expects of us. 我们决不辜负党对我们的期望。

9. I hate the lack of privacy in the dorrnitory. 我讨厌宿舍里没有独处的机会。

10. You evidently think otherwise. 你显然有不同的看法

11. He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他宁愿饿死，也不愿去偷。

12. That little bridge is anything but safe. 那座桥一点也不安全。

13. So far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned in ~ainit. 他不但不听我的劝告，反而去做了我警告他不要做的事情。

14. He was more frightened than hurt. 他没有受什么伤，倒是受惊不小 正说

15. Don't unstring your shoes. 把鞋带系上

16. Ml the teachers, without exception are to attend the meet Sunday. 所有的老师都要参加星期五的会议。

17. She carne into the room without shoes on. 她光脚走进了房间。

18. The doctor lost no tune in getting the sick man to hospital. 医生立即把病人送往医院。

19. I have no doubt that you will succeed. 我相信你会成功。

20. It's no distance at all to the school, only a short walk. 从这到学校很近，只需要很短一段路。

21. If he had kept his temper, the negotiations would probably have been a success.如果他克制脾气，谈判可能早就成功了。

22. Some people refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome.有些人不愿意表达他们的感激之情，因为觉得着有可能不受欢迎。

23. If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果证件由申请人本人递交，则本人不得擅自启封，否则证件将被视为无效。

24. We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远抱乐观的态度。

25. We strongly disapprove of the company' s new policy. 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。

 

四、顺序法

36. Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false.你认为我会和你同住一套公寓，那就错了 。

37. Researchers have established that when people are mentally en-gaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory. 研究人员证实:人们在动脑筋时，头脑会产生很多的变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更有效地活动

38. During the ice ages, human beings exposed to the colder temperatures of the time would often make their homes in caves.在冰河时代，人们面临当时较为寒冷的气温，常常在洞穴里安家。

 

五、逆序法

39. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the awful scourge of slavery.在19世纪，我们的国家横跨大陆，拯救了联邦，废除了恐怖的奴隶制的蹂躏，这一信念才得以流传可扩展。

40.By January 16, just a month after the beginning of the offensive on which Hitler had staked his last reserves in men and guns and ammunition, the German forces were back to line from which they had set out.到1月16日，德军又回到了他们当初出击的战线，这恰好是希特勒把他最后的兵力、大炮、弹药储备孤注一掷、发动进攻的一个月之后。

41. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand by, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.100年前，一位伟人签署了《奴隶****》， 今天，我们正是站在这位伟人富有象征意义的雕象下集会。 变序法(综合法)

42. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 我有个问题弄不懂，想请教你，你能回答吗,

43. He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had the same name and from various names that had been given to the same substance.药名混乱，有的由于不同药物同一名称所引起，而有的则由于同一药物不同名称所造成，他对此一一作了澄清。

44. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students' compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.一位老师这样写到:如果我们能从学生作文中找出一两处比上次做的更好的地方，并提出表扬性评语，而不是用红墨水把学生的作文批改的一塌糊涂，我们就能从中的更富有建设性的结果。

45. Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth sake, and that is as far as possible do no harm. 我们的职业传统上格守一个信条，那就是尽可能的不造成伤害，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德。

46. The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Patty of Tong-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此大的失败。这种情况最终使共和党在众议院中失去了长期享有的优势。