C#(99):异步和多线程的区别

一、区别和联系

异步和多线程有什么区别?其实,异步是目的,而多线程是实现这个目的的方法。异步是说,A发起一个操作后(一般都是比较耗时的操作,如果不耗时的操作就没有必要异步了),可以继续自顾自的处理它自己的事儿,不用干等着这个耗时操作返回。.Net中的这种异步编程模型,就简化了多线程编程,我们甚至都不用去关心Thread类,就可以做一个异步操作出来。

异步有的时候用普通的线程,有的时候用系统的异步调用功能。有一些IO操作也是异步的,但是未必需要一个线程来运行。例如:硬件是有DMA功能的,在调用DMA传输数据的时候,CPU是不需要执行处理的,只需要发起传输和等待传输结束即可。具体到.net平台,比如Socket的BeginSend,如果是运行在Windows    2000以后的平台,在底层就会调用异步的完成端口来发送。

.Net中的异步执行其实使用的是异步委托。异步委托将要执行的方法提交到.net的线程池,由线程池中的线程来执行异步方法。

二、适用范围

  • 当需要执行I/O操作时,使用异步操作更合适。I/O操作不仅包括了直接的文件、网络的读写,还包括数据库操作、Web Service、HttpRequest以及.net Remoting等跨进程的调用。
  • 而线程的适用范围则是那种需要长时间CPU运算的场合,例如耗时较长的图形处理和算法执行。

三、异步的一个示例

大家可能都知道,使用delegate可以“自动”使一个方法可以进行异步的调用。从直觉上来说,我觉得是由编译器或者CLR使用了另外的线程来执行目标方法。到底是不是这样呢??让我们来用一段代码证明一下吧。

delegate void AsyncFoo(int i);

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    PrintCurrThreadInfo("Main()");
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        PostAsync();
    }
    Console.ReadLine();
}
///<summary>
/// 输出当前线程的信息
///</summary>
///<param name="name">方法名称</param>

static void PrintCurrThreadInfo(string name)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Thread Id of " + name + " is: " + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId + ", current thread is "
             + (Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread ? "" : "not ")
             + "thread pool thread.");
}


///<summary>
/// 投递一个异步调用
///</summary>
static void PostAsync()
{
    AsyncFoo caller = new AsyncFoo(Foo);
    caller.BeginInvoke(1000, new AsyncCallback(FooCallBack), caller);
}

///<summary>
/// 测试方法,Sleep一定时间
///</summary>
///<param name="i">Sleep的时间</param>
static void Foo(int i)
{
    PrintCurrThreadInfo("Foo()");
    Thread.Sleep(i);
}

static void FooCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)
{
    PrintCurrThreadInfo("FooCallBack()");
    AsyncFoo caller = (AsyncFoo)ar.AsyncState;
    caller.EndInvoke(ar);
}

这段代码代码的输出如下:

Thread Id of Main() is: 1, current thread is not thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 4, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 5, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 4, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 4, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 6, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 5, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 5, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 7, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of Foo() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 4, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 6, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 5, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 7, current thread is thread pool thread.
Thread Id of FooCallBack() is: 3, current thread is thread pool thread.

从输出可以看出,.net 使用 delegate 来“自动”生成的异步调用是使用了另外的线程(而且是线程池线程)。

posted on 2018-08-06 10:18  springsnow  阅读(2133)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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