C#(99):二、.NET 2.0基于事件的异步编程模式(EAP)
一、引言
APM为我们实现异步编程提供了一定的支持,同时它也存在着一些明显的问题——不支持对异步操作的取消和没有提供对进度报告的功能,对于有界面的应用程序来说,进度报告和取消操作的支持也是必不可少的。
微软在.NET 2.0的时候就为我们提供了一个新的异步编程模型,也就是基于事件的异步编程模型——EAP(Event-based Asynchronous Pattern )。
二、介绍
实现了基于事件的异步模式的类将具有一个或者多个以Async为后缀的方法和对应的Completed事件,并且这些类都支持异步方法的取消、进度报告和报告结果。
当我们调用实现基于事件的异步模式的类的 XxxAsync方法时,即代表开始了一个异步操作,该方法调用完之后会使一个线程池线程去执行耗时的操作,所以当UI线程调用该方法时,当然也就不会堵塞UI线程了。
并且基于事件的异步模式是建立了APM的基础之上的,而APM又是建立了在委托之上的。
public static void GetInfomation() { WebClient client = new WebClient(); Uri uri = new Uri("http://www.baidu.com"); client.DownloadFileCompleted += new AsyncCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadFileCompleted); client.DownloadProgressChanged += new DownloadProgressChangedEventHandler(client_DownloadProgressCallback); client.DownloadFileAsync(uri, "serverdata.txt"); } static void client_DownloadProgressCallback(object sender, DownloadProgressChangedEventArgs e) { // Displays the operation identifier, and the transfer progress. Console.WriteLine("{0} downloaded {1} of {2} bytes. {3} % complete...", (string)e.UserState, e.BytesReceived, e.TotalBytesToReceive, e.ProgressPercentage); } static void client_DownloadFileCompleted(object sender, AsyncCompletedEventArgs e) { string RetStr = (e.Error == null ? "成功" : e.Error.Message); Console.Write(RetStr); //显示操作结果信息 }
三、使用BackgroundWorker组件进行异步编程
BackgroundWorker类就是用EAP实现的。
BackgroundWorker类
公共属性
- CancellationPending:获取一个值,指示应用程序是否已请求取消后台操作
- IsBusy:获取一个值,指示 BackgroundWorker 是否正在运行异步操作。
- WorkReportsProgress:获取或设置一个值,该值指示 BackgroundWorker 能否报告进度更新。
- WorkerSupportsCancellation:获取或设置一个值,该值指示 BackgroundWorker 是否支持异步取消。
公共方法
- CancelAsync:请求取消挂起的后台操作。
- ReportProgress:引发 ProgressChanged 事件
- RunWorkerAsync:开始执行后台操作。
公共事件
- DoWork:调用 RunWorkerAsync 时发生
- ProgressChanged:调用ReportProgress时发生
- RunWorkerCompleted:当后台操作已完成、被取消或引发异常时发生。
下面向大家演示一个使用BackgroundWorker组件实现异步下载文件的一个小程序,该程序支持异步下载(指的就是用线程池线程要执行下载操作),断点续传、下载取消和进度报告的功能。
事件绑定:
代码:
public int DownloadSize = 0; public string downloadPath = null; private RequestState requestState = null; private long totalSize = 0; public FileDownloader() { InitializeComponent(); string url = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/7/0/3/703455ee-a747-4cc8-bd3e-98a615c3aedb/dotNetFx35setup.exe"; //string url = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/5/A/95A9616B-7A37-4AF6-BC36-D6EA96C8DAAE/dotNetFx40_Full_x86_x64.exe"; txbUrl.Text = url; this.btnPause.Enabled = false; //this.status = DownloadStatus.Initialized; // Get download Path GetTotalSize(); downloadPath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Desktop) + "\\" + Path.GetFileName(this.txbUrl.Text.Trim()); if (File.Exists(downloadPath)) { FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(downloadPath); DownloadSize = (int)fileInfo.Length; progressBar1.Value = (int)((float)DownloadSize / (float)totalSize * 100); } // 启用支持 ReportProgress and Cancellation bgWorkerFileDownload.WorkerReportsProgress = true; bgWorkerFileDownload.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; } //开始或恢复下载 private void btnDownload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (bgWorkerFileDownload.IsBusy != true) { // 启动异步操作触发DoWork事件 bgWorkerFileDownload.RunWorkerAsync(); // 创建RequestState 实例 requestState = new RequestState(downloadPath); requestState.filestream.Seek(DownloadSize, SeekOrigin.Begin); this.btnDownload.Enabled = false; this.btnPause.Enabled = true; } else { MessageBox.Show("正在执行操作,请稍后"); } } // 暂停下载 private void btnPause_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (bgWorkerFileDownload.IsBusy && bgWorkerFileDownload.WorkerSupportsCancellation == true) { // 终止异步操作触发RunWorkerCompleted事件 bgWorkerFileDownload.CancelAsync(); } } #region BackGroundWorker Event // 1、当调用RunWorkerAsync方法时触发 private void bgWorkerFileDownload_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) { //获取事件源 BackgroundWorker bgworker = sender as BackgroundWorker; try { // 执行下载操作 // 初始化一个HttpWebRequest对象 HttpWebRequest myHttpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(txbUrl.Text.Trim()); // 如果文件已下载了一部分, // 服务器应该从DownloadSize开始发送数据到HTTP实体中数据的末尾。 if (DownloadSize != 0) { myHttpWebRequest.AddRange(DownloadSize); } // 指定一个 HttpWebRequest 实例到request字段. requestState.request = myHttpWebRequest; requestState.response = (HttpWebResponse)myHttpWebRequest.GetResponse(); requestState.streamResponse = requestState.response.GetResponseStream(); int readSize = 0; while (true) { if (bgworker.CancellationPending == true) { e.Cancel = true; break; } readSize = requestState.streamResponse.Read(requestState.BufferRead, 0, requestState.BufferRead.Length); if (readSize > 0) { DownloadSize += readSize; int percentComplete = (int)((float)DownloadSize / (float)totalSize * 100); requestState.filestream.Write(requestState.BufferRead, 0, readSize); // 报告进度,引发ProgressChanged事件的发生 bgworker.ReportProgress(percentComplete); } else { break; } } } catch { throw; } } // 2、当调用ReportProgress方法时触发 private void bgWorkerFileDownload_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e) { this.progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage; } // 3、当后台操作完成,取消或者有错误时触发 private void bgWorkerFileDownload_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e) { if (e.Error != null) { MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message); requestState.response.Close(); } else if (e.Cancelled) { MessageBox.Show(String.Format("下载暂停,下载的文件地址为:{0}\n 已经下载的字节数为: {1}字节", downloadPath, DownloadSize)); requestState.response.Close(); requestState.filestream.Close(); this.btnDownload.Enabled = true; this.btnPause.Enabled = false; } else { MessageBox.Show(String.Format("下载已完成,下载的文件地址为:{0},文件的总字节数为: {1}字节", downloadPath, totalSize)); this.btnDownload.Enabled = false; this.btnPause.Enabled = false; requestState.response.Close(); requestState.filestream.Close(); } } #endregion BackGroundWorker Event // 获取文件总大小 private void GetTotalSize() { HttpWebRequest myHttpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(txbUrl.Text.Trim()); HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)myHttpWebRequest.GetResponse(); totalSize = response.ContentLength; response.Close(); } } // 此类存储请求的状态 public class RequestState { public int BufferSize = 2048; public byte[] BufferRead; public HttpWebRequest request; public HttpWebResponse response; public Stream streamResponse; public FileStream filestream; public RequestState(string downloadPath) { BufferRead = new byte[BufferSize]; request = null; streamResponse = null; filestream = new FileStream(downloadPath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate); }
运行程序点击"下载"按钮然后再点击"暂停"后的结果:
当暂停下载后,我们还可以点 ”下载“按钮继续下载该文件,此时并不会从开开始下载,而会接着上次的下载继续下载。
这个实现主要是通过AddRange方法来实现的,该方法是指出向服务器请求文件的大小,上面代码中通过传入DownloadSize来告诉服务器,这次我需要的内容不是从开头开始的,而是从已经下载的文件字节数开始到该文件的总的字节结尾,这样就就实现了断点续传的功能了,使户暂停下载不至于之前下载的都白费了。程序的运行结果为:
posted on 2020-06-16 11:12 springsnow 阅读(901) 评论(1) 编辑 收藏 举报