[ACM_HDU_1515]Anagrams by Stack

Anagrams by Stack

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 614 Accepted Submission(s): 311

Description
How can anagrams result from sequences of stack operations? There are two sequences of stack operators which can convert TROT to TORT:

[
i i i i o o o o
i o i i o o i o
]

where i stands for Push and o stands for Pop. Your program should, given pairs of words produce sequences of stack operations which convert the first word to the second.

A stack is a data storage and retrieval structure permitting two operations:

Push - to insert an item and
Pop - to retrieve the most recently pushed item
We will use the symbol i (in) for push and o (out) for pop operations for an initially empty stack of characters. Given an input word, some sequences of push and pop operations are valid in that every character of the word is both pushed and popped, and furthermore, no attempt is ever made to pop the empty stack. For example, if the word FOO is input, then the sequence:

i i o i o o is valid, but
i i o is not (it's too short), neither is
i i o o o i (there's an illegal pop of an empty stack)

Valid sequences yield rearrangements of the letters in an input word. For example, the input word FOO and the sequence i i o i o o produce the anagram OOF. So also would the sequence i i i o o o. You are to write a program to input pairs of words and output all the valid sequences of i and o which will produce the second member of each pair from the first.

Input
The input will consist of several lines of input. The first line of each pair of input lines is to be considered as a source word (which does not include the end-of-line character). The second line (again, not including the end-of-line character) of each pair is a target word. The end of input is marked by end of file.

Output
For each input pair, your program should produce a sorted list of valid sequences of i and o which produce the target word from the source word. Each list should be delimited by

[
]

and the sequences should be printed in "dictionary order". Within each sequence, each i and o is followed by a single space and each sequence is terminated by a new line.

Sample Input
madam
adamm
bahama
bahama
long
short
eric
rice

Sample Output
[
i i i i o o o i o o
i i i i o o o o i o
i i o i o i o i o o
i i o i o i o o i o
]
[
i o i i i o o i i o o o
i o i i i o o o i o i o
i o i o i o i i i o o o
i o i o i o i o i o i o
]
[
]
[
i i o i o i o o
]

Source

HDU1515 ZOJ1004

寒假刚开始做ACM的时候做了这道题，还是难得做出来的一道，只知道用递归做，到最后是做出来了，但却发现怎么顺序刚好完全相反，汗，于是只好将结果都用vector储存起来，然后再reverse一遍，提交，祈祷通过，结果还真通过了，然后就心满意足地去睡觉了 [流汗]

当时的代码（在ZOJ可以AC，HDU里TLE，只作留念，写的很冗长）：

#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <iterator> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; void Solve(string wordA, string wordB, vector<string> &solutions, string resultA = "", string resultB = "", string solution = ""){ if(wordA.length() != wordB.length()) return; if(solution.length() == wordB.length() * 4){ if(resultB == wordB) solutions.push_back(solution); //cout << 's' << solution << endl; //else //cout << 'f' << solution << ends << resultB << endl; return; } if(resultA.length() > 0){ char c = *(resultA.end() - 1); resultA.erase(resultA.end() - 1); resultB.push_back(c); solution += "o "; Solve(wordA, wordB, solutions, resultA, resultB, solution); resultA.push_back(c); resultB.erase(resultB.end() - 1); solution.erase(solution.end() - 1); solution.erase(solution.end() - 1); } if(resultA.length() + resultB.length() < wordA.length()){ char c = wordA.at(resultA.length() + resultB.length()); resultA.push_back(c); solution += "i "; Solve(wordA, wordB, solutions, resultA, resultB, solution); } } int main(){ string wordA, wordB; while(cin >> wordA >> wordB){ cout << '[' << endl; vector<string> solutions; Solve(wordA, wordB, solutions); reverse(solutions.begin(), solutions.end()); for(vector<string>::iterator iter = solutions.begin(); iter != solutions.end(); ++iter) cout << *iter << endl; cout << "]" << endl; } return 0; }

现在的代码：

#include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; //int count; //当时用来检测剪枝是否完全用的计数器 void BackTrake(string &s1, string &s2, string s = "", string e = "", string method = ""){ //s1原串，s2结果，s字符进栈储存，e字符出栈储存 if(e.length() == s2.length()){ cout << method << endl; return; } //++count; if(s.length() + e.length() < s1.length()) //如果已经拿出来的字符数的长度小于原串的长度，即还可以继续进栈 BackTrake(s1, s2, s + s1[s.length() + e.length()], e, method + "i "); //模拟进栈，进行下层递归 if(s.length() > 0 && s2[e.length()] == s[s.length() - 1]){ //如果还有字符可以出栈，并且下一个字符与s串最后一个字符相同 e += s[s.length() - 1]; //模拟出栈 s.erase(s.end() - 1); BackTrake(s1, s2, s, e, method + "o "); //下层递归 } } int main(){ string s1, s2; while(cin >> s1 >> s2){ //count = 0; cout << "[" << endl; if(s1.length() == s2.length()) BackTrake(s1, s2); cout << "]" << endl; //cout << count << endl; } return 0; }

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原文地址（我的博客）：http://lanfei.sinaapp.com/2012/05/1098.html
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