Django进阶三

一、Django Admin的简单用法

  1. 　　创建管理员账号 
    python manage.py createsuperuser
  2. 　　在admin注册我们的表（/project/app01/admin.py） 
    from app01 import models
admin.site.register(models.类名)

示例：
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import models
# Register your models here
admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.Publisher)
admin.site.register(models.Book)
  3. 　　其他配置项 
    1. admin页面显示中文（settings.py）
    settings.py中修改LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
2. 表名显示中文（models.py）
    类下面写如下配置项
        class Meta:
            verbose_name = "出版社"
            verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
3. 字段显示中文（models.py）
    address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")
  4. 　　代码示例 
    from django.db import models


# Create your models here.


class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称")
    address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "出版社"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者名称")
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(
        choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")),
        default=2,
        verbose_name="性别"
    )
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "作者管理"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="书籍名称")
    # auto_now_add:创建时间  auto_add:修改时间
    publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="出版时间")
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="手机号")
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社")
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
    
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "书籍管理"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    代码示例

二、form和model form:https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/8747872.html

  1. 　　form
    1. 　　form的作用 
      1. 生成HTML代码
2. 帮我们做数据有效性的校验
3. 保留上次输入内容，显示错误提示
    2. 　　代码示例
      1. 　　手写版本 
        from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
"""
书籍表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=36, verbose_name="图书", unique=True)
publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", default=None, verbose_name="出版社")
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者")
create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)

def __str__(self):
    return self.name

class Meta:
    verbose_name = "图书管理"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Publisher(models.Model):
"""
出版社表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=36, verbose_name="出版社", unique=True)
address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")
create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)

def __str__(self):
    return self.name

class Meta:
    verbose_name = "出版社管理"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Author(models.Model):
"""
作者表
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者")
sex = models.SmallIntegerField(
    choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")),
    default=2,
    verbose_name="性别"
)
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄", null=True)
create_time = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)

def __str__(self):
    return self.name

class Meta:
    verbose_name = "作者管理"
    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        model.py
        from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^book_list/$', views.book_list),
    url(r'^add_book/$', views.add_book),
    url(r'^edit_book/(\d+)/', views.edit_book),
]
        urls.py
        from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from app01 import models


# Create your views here.

def book_list(request):
    """
    书籍列表
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    data = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, "book_list.html", locals())


def add_book(request):
    """
    添加书籍
    :param request:
    :return:
    """

    if request.method == "POST":
        book_name = request.POST.get("book_name")
        publisher_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name")
        author_name = request.POST.getlist("author_name")
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(name=book_name, publisher_id=publisher_name)
        book_obj.authors.add(*author_name)
        return redirect("/book_list/")
    authors = models.Author.objects.all()
    publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
    return render(request, "add_book.html", locals())


def edit_book(request, book_id):
    """
    编辑书籍
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=book_id).first()
    if request.method == "POST":
        book_name = request.POST.get("book_name")
        publisher_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name")
        author_name = request.POST.getlist("author_name")
        book_obj.name = book_name
        book_obj.publisher_id = publisher_name
        book_obj.save()
        book_obj.authors.set(author_name)
        return redirect("/book_list/")

    authors = models.Author.objects.all()
    publishers = models.Publisher.objects.all()
        views.py
        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<a href="/add_book/" class="btn btn-success">添加书籍</a>
<table class="table">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <td>#</td>
        <td>名称</td>
        <td>作者</td>
        <td>出版社</td>
        <td>操作</td>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for datum in data %}
        <tr>
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ datum.name }}</td>
            <td>
                {% for author in datum.authors.all %}
                    {% if forloop.last %}
                        {{ author.name }}
                    {% else %}
                        {{ author.name }},
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
            </td>
            <td>{{ datum.publisher.name }}</td>
            <td>
                <a href="/edit_book/{{ datum.id }}/" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>
                <a href="" class="btn btn-warning">删除</a>
            </td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}

    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
        html-book_list.html
        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加书籍</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="book_name">书籍名称</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" placeholder="书籍名称" name="book_name">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
    <label for="publisher_name">出版社</label>
        <select name="publisher_name" id="" class="form-control">
            {% for publisher in publishers %}
                <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
            {% endfor %}
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="author_name">作者</label>
        <select name="author_name" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
            {% for author in authors %}
                <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
            {% endfor %}
        </select>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
        html-add_book.html
        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>编辑书籍</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="book_name">书籍名称</label>
        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="book_name" value="{{ book_obj.name }}" name="book_name">
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="publisher_name">出版社</label>
        <select name="publisher_name" id="" class="form-control">
            {% for publisher in publishers %}
                {% if book_obj.publisher_id == publisher.id %}
                    <option value="{{ publisher.id }}" selected>{{ publisher.name }}</option>
                {% else %}
                    <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option>
                {% endif %}
            {% endfor %}
        </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label for="author_name">作者</label>
        <select name="author_name" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
            {% for author in authors %}
                {% if author in  book_obj.authors.all %}
                    <option value="{{ author.id }}" selected>{{ author.name }}</option>
                    {% else %}
                     <option value="{{ author.id }}">{{ author.name }}</option>
                {% endif %}
            {% endfor %}
        </select>
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
        html-edit_book.html

         

      2. 　　form 版本 
        from django.db import models


# Create your models here.


class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称")
    address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "出版社"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name="作者名称")
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(
        choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")),
        default=2,
        verbose_name="性别"
    )
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "作者管理"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="书籍名称")
    # auto_now_add:创建时间  auto_add:修改时间
    publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="出版时间")
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="手机号")
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社")
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author", verbose_name="作者")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "书籍管理"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        model.py
        from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^book_list/$', views.book_list),
    url(r'^add_book/$', views.add_book),
    url(r'^edit_book/(\d+)/$', views.edit_book),  # edit_book(request, id)
]
        urls.py
        from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from app01 import models
from django import forms
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# Create your views here.


# 自定义一个字段的校验规则函数
def phone_validate(value):
    # 拿用户填写的手机号去数据库查找有没有
    is_exist = models.Book.objects.filter(phone=value)
    if is_exist:
        # 如果该手机号已经被使用就不能再注册
        raise ValidationError("该手机号已经被注册！")
    else:
        return value


# 自定义一个form类
class BookForm(forms.Form):
    title = forms.CharField(
        max_length=12,
        min_length=6,
        label="书名",
        # initial="书名的默认值",
        widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )
    publish_date = forms.DateField(
        label="出版日期",
        widget=forms.widgets.DateInput(attrs={"type": "date", "class": "form-control"})
    )
    phone = forms.CharField(
        max_length=11,
        # required=False,
        # validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[356789]\d{9}$', "手机号码格式不正确"), phone_validate],
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[356789]\d{9}$', "手机号码格式不正确")],
        widget=forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )
    # publisher = forms.ChoiceField(
    #     # choices=models.Publisher.objects.values_list("id", "name"),
    #     widget=forms.widgets.Select()
    # )
    publisher = forms.ModelChoiceField(
        queryset=models.Publisher.objects.all(),
        widget=forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )
    authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(
        queryset=models.Author.objects.all(),
        widget=forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )

    # 自定义一个局部钩子函数
    def clean_title(self):
        value = self.cleaned_data.get("title")
        # 判断有没有敏感词
        if "alex" in value:
            raise ValidationError("alex已被河蟹...")
        else:
            return value

    # 全局钩子函数
    def clean(self):
        # 可以从self.cleaned_data取到所有字段的数据
        # self.add_error("字段", "密码和确认密码不一致")
        pass


def book_list(request):
    data = models.Book.objects.all()
    # return render(request, "book_list.html", {"data": data})
    # locals()以字典的形式把当前作用域的变量表示出来
    return render(request, "book_list.html", locals())


def add_book(request):
    form_obj = BookForm()
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据
        # 做校验
        form_obj = BookForm(request.POST)
        if form_obj.is_valid():  # 做数据有效性的校验
            # 去数据库创建新的数据
            print(form_obj.cleaned_data)
            # 因为有多对多的字段，所以需要额外处理
            authors = form_obj.cleaned_data.pop("authors")
            # 创建新书籍对象
            book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(**form_obj.cleaned_data)
            # 将书籍对象和作者建立关联
            book_obj.authors.add(*authors)
            return redirect("/book_list/")

    return render(request, "add_book.html", locals())


def edit_book(request, pk):
    book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
    # book_dict = {
    #     "title": book_obj.title,
    #     "publish_date": book_obj.publish_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"),
    # }
    # 把ORM中一个对象 快速转换成 字典格式
    from django.forms import model_to_dict
    book_dict = model_to_dict(book_obj)
    book_dict["publish_date"] = book_obj.publish_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
    print(book_dict)
    print("=" * 120)
    # form_obj = BookForm({"title": "书的默认值呀2", "publish_date": "2018-01-01"})
    form_obj = BookForm(book_dict)
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据
        form_obj = BookForm(request.POST)
        if form_obj.is_valid():
            # 去数据库更新对应的书籍
            book_obj.title = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("title")
            book_obj.publish_date = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("publish_date")
            book_obj.publisher_id = form_obj.cleaned_data.get("publisher")
            book_obj.save()
            book_obj.authors.set(form_obj.cleaned_data.get("authors"))  # 让ORM去更新第三张关系表
            return redirect("/book_list/")

    return render(request, "edit_book.html", locals())
        views.py
        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<a href="/add_book/">添加书籍</a>
<table border="1">
    <tbody>
    {% for book in data %}
        <tr>
        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.id }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.publish_date }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.publisher }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td>
        <td>
            <a href="">删除</a>
            <a href="/edit_book/{{ book.id }}/">编辑</a>
        </td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}

    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
        html-book_list.html
        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加书籍</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <h1>添加书籍</h1>

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate autocomplete="off">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% for field in form_obj %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
                        {{ field }}
                        <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
                <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>
        html-add_book.html
        <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>编辑书籍</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <h1>编辑书籍</h1>
            <form action="" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% for field in form_obj %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
                        {{ field }}
                        <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
                <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>
        html

         

      3. 　　form组件校验数据有效性 
        1. 内置的校验规则
    1. require=True    该字段必填
    2. max_length      该字段的最大长度
    3. min_length      该字段的最小长度
        2. 自定义校验规则
    1. phone的格式 利用内置的正则校验器
        from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[356789]\d{9}$', "手机号码格式不正确")],
        
    2. 手机号的唯一性校验
        validators=[RegexValidator(r'^1[356789]\d{9}$', "手机号码格式不正确"), phone_validate],
        
        # 自定义一个字段的校验规则函数
        def phone_validate(value):
            # 拿用户填写的手机号去数据库查找有没有
            is_exist = models.Book.objects.filter(phone=value)
            if is_exist:
                # 如果该手机号已经被使用就不能再注册
                raise ValidationError("该手机号已经被注册！")
            else:
                return value
                        
                3. 使用钩子函数做校验
                    1. 局部钩子（hook）
                        在form类内部定义一个 clean_字段名() 方法
                        # 自定义一个局部钩子函数
                        def clean_title(self):
                            value = self.cleaned_data.get("title")
                            # 判断有没有敏感词
                            if "alex" in value:
                                raise ValidationError("alex已被河蟹...")
                            else:
                                return value
        
    2. 全局钩子
        在form类内部定义一个 clean() 方法 
        # 全局钩子函数
        def clean(self):
            # 可以从self.cleaned_data取到所有字段的数据
            # self.add_error("字段", "密码和确认密码不一致")
            pass

         

      4. 　　form组合如何给html标签设置默认值 
        1. 每一个字段设置默认值
    initial="默认值"
  1. 　　model form 
    1. 必须继承forms.ModelForm
    class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    2. class Meta：
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        # fields = "__all__"  # model类里所有的字段都展示
        # fields = ["title", ]  # 指定展示某些字段
        exclude = ["title", ]  # 除了指定字段，其他字段都展示
        labels = {  # 设置label标签名
            "title": "书名",
            "phone": "手机号",
            "publisher": "出版社",
            "authors": "作者",
        }
        widgets = {  # 设置每个字段的插件信息
            "title": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "phone": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "publisher": forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "authors": forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        }
        error_messages = {  # 设置每个字段的报错提示信息
            "publisher": {
                "required": "必须给我选一个出版社！"
            }
        }
    3. 实例化
    1. form_obj = BookModelForm()
    2. BookModelForm(instance=book_obj)
    3. BookModelForm(request.POST, instance=book_obj)
    4. 保存 
    form_obj.save()
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True, verbose_name="出版社名称")
    address = models.TextField(verbose_name="出版社地址")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "出版社"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=12)
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(
        choices=((0, "女"), (1, "男"), (2, "保密")),
        default=2
    )
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
    # auto_now_add:创建时间  auto_add:修改时间
    publish_date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, unique=True, null=True, blank=True)
    publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
models.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^book_list/$', views.book_list),
    url(r'^add_book/$', views.add_book),
    url(r'^edit_book/(\d+)/$', views.edit_book),  # edit_book(request, id)
]
urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from app01 import models
from app01.forms import BookForm, BookModelForm
# Create your views here.


def book_list(request):
    data = models.Book.objects.all()
    # return render(request, "book_list.html", {"data": data})
    # locals()以字典的形式把当前作用域的变量表示出来
    return render(request, "book_list.html", locals())


def add_book(request):
    form_obj = BookModelForm()
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据
        # 做校验
        form_obj = BookModelForm(request.POST)
        if form_obj.is_valid():  # 做数据有效性的校验
            form_obj.save()
            return redirect("/book_list/")
    return render(request, "add_book.html", locals())


def edit_book(request, pk):
    book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
    form_obj = BookModelForm(instance=book_obj)
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 从用户提交过来的数据中取数据
        form_obj = BookModelForm(request.POST, instance=book_obj)
        if form_obj.is_valid():
            # 去数据库更新对应的书籍
            form_obj.save()
            return redirect("/book_list/")
    return render(request, "edit_book.html", locals())
views.py
from django import forms
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from app01 import models


# 写一个和Model类一一对应的form
class BookModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        # fields = "__all__"  # model类里所有的字段都展示
        # fields = ["title", ]  # 指定展示某些字段
        exclude = ["title", ]  # 除了指定字段，其他字段都展示
        labels = {  # 设置label标签名
            "title": "书名",
            "phone": "手机号",
            "publisher": "出版社",
            "authors": "作者",
        }
        widgets = {  # 设置每个字段的插件信息
            "title": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "phone": forms.widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "publisher": forms.widgets.Select(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
            "authors": forms.widgets.SelectMultiple(attrs={"class": "form-control"}),
        }
        error_messages = {  # 设置每个字段的报错提示信息
            "publisher": {
                "required": "必须给我选一个出版社！"
            }
        }
forms.py
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<a href="/add_book/">添加书籍</a>
<table border="1">
    <tbody>
    {% for book in data %}
        <tr>
        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.id }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.title }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.publish_date }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.publisher }}</td>
        <td>{{ book.authors.all }}</td>
        <td>
            <a href="">删除</a>
            <a href="/edit_book/{{ book.id }}/">编辑</a>
        </td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}

    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
html-book_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>添加书籍</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <h1>添加书籍</h1>

            <form action="" method="post" novalidate autocomplete="off">
                {% for field in form_obj %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
                        {{ field }}
                        <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
                <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>
html-add_book.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>编辑书籍</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
            <h1>编辑书籍</h1>
            <form action="" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% for field in form_obj %}
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
                        {{ field }}
                        <p>{{ field.errors.0 }}</p>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
                <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success">
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>
html-edit_book.html

 

三、auth模块+报障系统(BBS) :https://www.cnblogs.com/liwenzhou/p/9030211.html

  1. 　　auth模块的常用方法　　 
    1. authenticate() 用户认证
    from django.contrib import auth
    user = auth.authenticate(request, username='theuser',password='thepassword')

2. login() 生成session
    from django.contrib import auth
    auth.login(request, user)
    
3. create_user() 创建用户
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    user = User.objects.create_user（username='用户名',password='密码',email='邮箱',...）
    
4. create_superuser()
    from django.contrib.auth.models import User
    user = User.objects.create_superuser（username='用户名',password='密码',email='邮箱',...）
    
5. logout() 注销用户
    from django.contrib.auth import logout
    def logout_view(request):
        logout(request)
        
6. check_password() 提供的一个检查密码是否正确的方法，需要提供当前请求用户的密码 密码正确返回True，否则返回False
    ok = user.check_password('密码')
    
7. set_password() 修改密码
    user.set_password(password='')
    user.save()
    
8. login_requierd() auth自带的装饰器
    from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

    @login_required
    def my_view(request):
      ...
    若用户没有登录，则会跳转到django默认的 登录URL '/accounts/login/ ' 并传递当前访问url的绝对路径 (登陆成功后，会重定向到该路径)。
    如果需要自定义登录的URL，则需要在settings.py文件中通过LOGIN_URL进行修改。
    LOGIN_URL = '/login/'  # 这里配置成你项目登录页面的路由
  2. 　　扩展默认的auth_user表 
    默认auth模块使用的是auth_user表，不满足实际需求
1. 必须继承AbstractUser  (model.py)
    from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
    class UserInfo(AbstractUser):
        phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
        
2. 告诉Django使用我们的用户表代替auth_user表 (settings.py)
    AUTH_USER_MODEL = "fault_reporting.UserInfo"

四、验证码 

# 安装包 pip3 install Pillow
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django import views
from django.contrib import auth
import random
# Create your views here.


class LoginView(views.View):

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "login.html")

    def post(self, request):
        next_url = request.GET.get("next", "/index/")
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        pwd = request.POST.get("password")
        v_code = request.POST.get("vcode", "").upper()
        # 先判断验证码正不正确
        if v_code == request.session.get("v_code"):
            user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=pwd)
            if user_obj:
                auth.login(request, user_obj)
                return redirect(next_url)
            else:
                return render(request, "login.html", {"error_msg": "用户名或密码错误"})
        else:
            return render(request, "login.html", {"error_msg": "验证码错误！"})


def index(request):
    return render(request, "index.html")


# 专门返回验证码图片的视图函数
def vcode(request):
    from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
    # 定义一个生成随机颜色代码的函数
    def random_color():
        return random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255), random.randint(0, 255)
    # 创建一个随机颜色的图片对象
    image_obj = Image.new(
        "RGB",
        (250, 35),
        random_color()
    )
    # 在该图片对象上生成一个画笔对象
    draw_obj = ImageDraw.Draw(image_obj)
    # 加载一个字体对象
    font_obj = ImageFont.truetype('static/font/kumo.ttf', 28)
    tmp = []
    for i in range(5):
        l = chr(random.randint(97, 122))  # 生成随机的小写字母
        u = chr(random.randint(65, 90))  # 生成随机的大写字母
        n = str(random.randint(0, 9))  # 生成一个随机的数字
        # 从上面三个随机选一个
        r = random.choice([l, u, n])
        # 将选中过的那个字符写到图片上
        draw_obj.text((40*i+30, 0), r, fill=random_color(), font=font_obj)
        tmp.append(r)

    # # 加干扰线
    # width = 250  # 图片宽度（防止越界）
    # height = 35
    # for i in range(5):
    #     x1 = random.randint(0, width)
    #     x2 = random.randint(0, width)
    #     y1 = random.randint(0, height)
    #     y2 = random.randint(0, height)
    #     draw_obj.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=random_color())
    #
    # # 加干扰点
    # for i in range(40):
    #     draw_obj.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=random_color())
    #     x = random.randint(0, width)
    #     y = random.randint(0, height)
    #     draw_obj.arc((x, y, x+4, y+4), 0, 90, fill=random_color())
    v_code = "".join(tmp).upper()
    # 将生成的验证码保存
    request.session["v_code"] = v_code
    # 直接在内存中保存图片替代io操作
    from io import BytesIO
    f1 = BytesIO()
    image_obj.save(f1, format="PNG")
    img_data = f1.getvalue()
    return HttpResponse(img_data, content_type="image/png")
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>欢迎登陆</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/my-style.css">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3 login-box">
            <h3>请登陆</h3>
            <form action="" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_username">用户名</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_username" name="username" placeholder="用户名">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_password">密码</label>
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="id_password" name="password" placeholder="密码">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="id_vcode" style="display: block">验证码</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="id_vcode" name="vcode" placeholder="验证码" style="width: 250px;display: inline-block">
                    <img src="/vcode/"  id="v-code-img" style="width: 250px;height: 35px;display: inline-block;float: right">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">登陆</button>
                <p class="login-error">{{ error_msg }}</p>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<script src="/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
    $(".login-box input").focus(function () {
        $(".login-error").text("");
    });
    $("#v-code-img").click(function () {
        this.src += "?";
    });
</script>
</body>
</html>

 

posted @ 2018-08-30 13:49  S.Curry  阅读(255)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报