linux下安装postgresql
环境:Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.32-431 GNU/Linux x86_64
Postgresql版本:postgresql.9.5.3
添加开启自启设置:http://my.oschina.net/ensn/blog/690719
1.下载postgresql
因bz2格式包格式比较小,故选择该格式下载。地址:https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v9.5.3/
2.安装:
2.1 解压:
tar jxvf postgresql-9.5.3.tar.bz2
2.2 安装:
查看INSTALL文件说明安装过程。
[root@localhost postgresql-9.5.3]# less INSTALL PostgreSQL Installation from Source Code This document describes the installation of PostgreSQL using the source code distribution. (If you are installing a pre-packaged distribution, such as an RPM or Debian package, ignore this document and read the packager's instructions instead.) __________________________________________________________________ Short Version ./configure make su make install adduser postgres mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data su - postgres /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 & /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test ...
2.2.1 编译
在编译过程中可以指定安装目录与wal日记大小等。编译过程过程中如遇其他问题(可能是依赖库的问题),解决以后重新编译即可。关于编译指定参数与编译过程中可能碰到的问题可参考该博文。
[root@localhost postgresql-9.5.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3 --with-pgport=5432 --with-wal-blocksize=64 checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking which template to use... linux checking whether to build with 64-bit integer date/time support... yes checking whether NLS is wanted... no checking for default port number... 5432 checking for block size... 8kB checking for segment size... 1GB checking for WAL block size... 64kB checking for WAL segment size... 16MB checking for gcc... gcc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking whether gcc supports -Wdeclaration-after-statement... yes checking whether gcc supports -Wendif-labels... yes checking whether gcc supports -Wmissing-format-attribute... yes checking whether gcc supports -Wformat-security... yes checking whether gcc supports -fno-strict-aliasing... yes checking whether gcc supports -fwrapv... yes checking whether gcc supports -fexcess-precision=standard... no checking whether gcc supports -funroll-loops... yes checking whether gcc supports -ftree-vectorize... yes checking whether gcc supports -Wunused-command-line-argument... no checking whether the C compiler still works... yes checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking allow thread-safe client libraries... yes checking whether to build with Tcl... no checking whether to build Perl modules... no checking whether to build Python modules... no checking whether to build with GSSAPI support... no checking whether to build with PAM support... no checking whether to build with LDAP support... no checking whether to build with Bonjour support... no checking whether to build with OpenSSL support... no checking whether to build with SELinux support... no checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E checking for ld used by GCC... /usr/bin/ld checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes checking for ranlib... ranlib checking for strip... strip checking whether it is possible to strip libraries... yes checking for ar... ar checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking for tar... /bin/tar checking whether ln -s works... yes checking for gawk... gawk checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for bison... /usr/bin/bison configure: using bison (GNU Bison) 2.4.1 checking for flex... /usr/bin/flex configure: using flex 2.5.35 checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl configure: using perl 5.10.1 checking for main in -lm... yes checking for library containing setproctitle... no checking for library containing dlopen... -ldl checking for library containing socket... none required checking for library containing shl_load... no checking for library containing getopt_long... none required checking for library containing crypt... -lcrypt checking for library containing shm_open... -lrt checking for library containing shm_unlink... none required checking for library containing fdatasync... none required checking for library containing sched_yield... none required checking for library containing gethostbyname_r... none required checking for library containing shmget... none required checking for library containing readline... -lreadline checking for inflate in -lz... yes checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes ....... checking whether gcc supports -Wl,--as-needed... yes configure: using compiler=gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) configure: using CFLAGS=-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -O2 configure: using CPPFLAGS= -D_GNU_SOURCE configure: using LDFLAGS= -Wl,--as-needed configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating GNUmakefile config.status: creating src/Makefile.global config.status: creating src/include/pg_config.h config.status: creating src/include/pg_config_ext.h config.status: creating src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h config.status: linking src/backend/port/tas/dummy.s to src/backend/port/tas.s config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.c to src/backend/port/dynloader.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_sema.c to src/backend/port/pg_sema.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c to src/backend/port/pg_shmem.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/unix_latch.c to src/backend/port/pg_latch.c config.status: linking src/backend/port/dynloader/linux.h to src/include/dynloader.h config.status: linking src/include/port/linux.h to src/include/pg_config_os.h config.status: linking src/makefiles/Makefile.linux to src/Makefile.port
2.2.2 安装:make & make install
[root@localhost postgresql-9.5.3]# make make -C src all make[1]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src' make -C common all make[2]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/common' make -C ../backend submake-errcodes make[3]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/backend' prereqdir=`cd 'utils/' >/dev/null && pwd` && \ cd '../../src/include/utils/' && rm -f errcodes.h && \ ln -s "$prereqdir/errcodes.h" . make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/backend' ... lm -o pg_regress cp ../../../contrib/spi/refint.so refint.so cp ../../../contrib/spi/autoinc.so autoinc.so make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/test/regress' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src' make -C config all make[1]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/config' make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'. make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/config' All of PostgreSQL successfully made. Ready to install. [root@localhost postgresql-9.5.3]# make install make -C src install make[1]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src' make -C common install make[2]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/common' make -C ../backend submake-errcodes make[3]: Entering directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/backend' make[3]: Nothing to be done for `submake-errcodes'. make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/src/backend' ..... /bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3--with-pgport=5432/lib/pgxs/config' /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 ./install-sh '/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3--with-pgport=5432/lib/pgxs/config/install-sh' /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 ./missing '/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3--with-pgport=5432/lib/pgxs/config/missing' make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/ceg/postgresql-9.5.3/config' PostgreSQL installation complete.
3.创建数据库集群
3.1创建用户,用以配置环境变量与初始化数据库等。
[root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# useradd postgres [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# su - postgres [postgres@localhost ~]$
3.2 创建数据库集群
3.2.1 创建数据目录,并给postgres用户以权限
[root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# mkdir data [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# ll 总用量 20 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 6月 13 14:38 data drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 include drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 lib drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 share [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# pwd /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3 [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data
3.2.2 配置环境变量
在postgresql用户下配置环境变量只对postgres用户有效,如要对所有用户有效,配置profile。
[root@localhost ~]# su - postgres [postgres@localhost ~]$ less ~/.bash_profile # .bash_profile ... export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/bin:$PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data .... [postgres@localhost ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile [postgres@localhost ~]$
3.2.3 初始化
[root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# mkdir data [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# ll 总用量 20 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 6月 13 14:38 data drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 include drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 lib drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 6月 13 11:17 share [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# pwd /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3 [root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data [root@localhost ~]# su - postgres [postgres@localhost ~]$ echo $PGDATA /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data [postgres@localhost ~]$ pwd [postgres@localhost ~]$ /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/bin/initdb -E UTF8 -D $PGDATA --locale=C -U postgres -W The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "C". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix creating configuration files ... ok creating template1 database in /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data/base/1 ... ok initializing pg_authid ... ok Enter new superuser password: Enter it again: setting password ... ok initializing dependencies ... ok creating system views ... ok loading system objects' descriptions ... ok creating collations ... ok creating conversions ... ok creating dictionaries ... ok setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok creating information schema ... ok loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok vacuuming database template1 ... ok copying template1 to template0 ... ok copying template1 to postgres ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data -l logfile start
4. 启动数据库
4.1 配置postgresql.conf 和 pg_hba.conf。
4.2 启动数据库
[root@localhost ~]# su - postgres [postgres@localhost data]$ pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA server starting [postgres@localhost data]$ LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log". [postgres@localhost data]$ [postgres@localhost data]$ ps -ef|grep post root 10092 367 0 15:32 pts/5 00:00:00 su - postgres postgres 10093 10092 0 15:32 pts/5 00:00:00 -bash postgres 11277 1 0 15:37 pts/5 00:00:00 /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql9.5.3/data postgres 11278 11277 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 postgres: logger process postgres 11280 11277 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process postgres 11281 11277 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process postgres 11282 11277 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process postgres 11283 11277 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process postgres 11284 11277 0 15:37 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process
4.3 登录数据库
[root@localhost pgsql9.5.3]# su - postgres [postgres@localhost ~]$ psql psql (9.5.3) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \d No relations found. postgres=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges -----------+----------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------- postgres | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | template0 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8 | C | C | =c/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres (3 rows) postgres=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------------------+----------- postgres | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}
至此安装完毕。
本文是源码安装过程,该种安装方式可以在安装过程中配置一些参数。其他还有rmp等方式可参考博文1。原安装包中的各文件以及安装过程中的参数说明等可参考博文2。