实验五

任务二：

person.hpp:

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:string name, telephone, email;
public:Person() {};
      Person(string x, string y, string z = "") :name(x), telephone(y), email(z) {};
      void uptele()
      {
          string x;
          cout << "输入新号码:";
          cin >> x;
          telephone = x;
      };
      void upemail()
      {
          cout << "输入新邮箱:";
          cin >> email;
      }
      friend  ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Person &p)
      {
          out << p.name << endl;
          out << p.telephone << endl;
          out << p.email << endl;
          return out;
      };
      friend  istream& operator>>(istream& in, Person &p)
      {
          getline(in, p.name);
          getline(in, p.telephone);
          getline(in, p.email);
          return in;
      };
      friend bool operator==(const Person p1, const Person p2)
      {
          if (p1.name == p2.name && p1.telephone == p2.telephone)
              return true;
          else
              return false;
      }
};

task2.cpp:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include "Person.hpp"

int main()
{
    using namespace std;

    vector<Person> phone_book;
    Person p;

    while (cin >> p)
        phone_book.push_back(p);

    for (auto& i : phone_book)
        cout << i << endl;

    cout << boolalpha << (phone_book.at(0) == phone_book.at(1)) << endl;

    ofstream fout;

    fout.open("phone_book.txt");

    if (!fout.is_open())
    {
        cerr << "fail to open file phone_book.txt\n";
        return 1;
    }

    for (auto& i : phone_book)
        fout << i << endl;

    fout.close();
}

运行结果：

 任务三：

//=======================
//        container.h
//=======================

// The so-called inventory of a player in RPG games
// contains two items, heal and magic water

#ifndef _CONTAINER        // Conditional compilation
#define _CONTAINER
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class container        // Inventory
{
protected:
    int numOfHeal;            // number of heal
    int numOfMW;            // number of magic water
public:
    container();            // constuctor
    void set(int heal_n, int mw_n);    // set the items numbers
    int nOfHeal();            // get the number of heal
    int nOfMW();            // get the number of magic water
    void display();            // display the items;
    bool useHeal();            // use heal
    bool useMW();            // use magic water
};

#endif

//=======================
// container.cpp
//=======================

// default constructor initialise the inventory as empty
#include"container.h"
using namespace std;

container::container()
{
set(0,0);
}

// set the item numbers
void container::set(int heal_n, int mw_n)
{
numOfHeal=heal_n;
numOfMW=mw_n;
}

// get the number of heal
int container::nOfHeal()
{
return numOfHeal;
}

// get the number of magic water
int container::nOfMW()
{
return numOfMW;
}

// display the items;
void container::display()
{
cout<<"Your bag contains: "<<endl;
cout<<"Heal(HP+100): "<<numOfHeal<<endl;
cout<<"Magic Water (MP+80): "<<numOfMW<<endl;
}

//use heal
bool container::useHeal()
{
numOfHeal--;
return 1; // use heal successfully
}

//use magic water
bool container::useMW()
{
numOfMW--;
return 1; // use magic water successfully
}

//=======================
//        player.h
//=======================

// The base class of player
// including the general properties and methods related to a character

#ifndef _PLAYER
#define _PLAYER

#include <iomanip>        // use for setting field width
#include <time.h>        // use for generating random factor
#include "container.h"

enum job {sw, ar, mg};    /* define 3 jobs by enumerate type
                               sword man, archer, mage */
class player
{
    friend void showinfo(player &p1, player &p2);
    friend class swordsman;

    protected:
        int HP, HPmax, MP, MPmax, AP, DP, speed, EXP, LV;
        // General properties of all characters
        string name;    // character name
        job role;        /* character's job, one of swordman, archer and mage,
                           as defined by the enumerate type */
        container bag;    // character's inventory
    
    public:
        virtual bool attack(player &p)=0;    // normal attack
        virtual bool specialatt(player &p)=0;    //special attack
        virtual void isLevelUp()=0;            // level up judgement
        /* Attention!
        These three methods are called "Pure virtual functions".
        They have only declaration, but no definition.
        The class with pure virtual functions are called "Abstract class", which can only be used to inherited, but not to constructor objects. 
        The detailed definition of these pure virtual functions will be given in subclasses. */
    
        void reFill();        // character's HP and MP resume
        bool death();        // report whether character is dead
        void isDead();        // check whether character is dead
        bool useHeal();        // consume heal, irrelevant to job
        bool useMW();        // consume magic water, irrelevant to job
        void transfer(player &p);    // possess opponent's items after victory
        void showRole();    // display character's job
        
    private:
        bool playerdeath;            // whether character is dead, doesn't need to be accessed or inherited
};

#endif

//=======================
//        player.cpp
//=======================

// character's HP and MP resume

#include"player.h"

using namespace std;

void player::reFill()
{
    HP=HPmax;        // HP and MP fully recovered
    MP=MPmax;
}

// report whether character is dead
bool player::death()
{
    return playerdeath;
}

// check whether character is dead
void player::isDead()
{
    if(HP<=0)        // HP less than 0, character is dead
    {
        cout<<name<<" is Dead." <<endl;
        system("pause");
        playerdeath=1;    // give the label of death value 1
    }
}

// consume heal, irrelevant to job
bool player::useHeal()
{
    if(bag.nOfHeal()>0)
    {
        HP=HP+100;
        if(HP>HPmax)        // HP cannot be larger than maximum value
            HP=HPmax;        // so assign it to HPmax, if necessary
        cout<<name<<" used Heal, HP increased by 100."<<endl;
        bag.useHeal();        // use heal
        system("pause");
        return 1;    // usage of heal succeed
    }
    else                // If no more heal in bag, cannot use
    {
        cout<<"Sorry, you don't have heal to use."<<endl;
        system("pause");
        return 0;    // usage of heal failed
    }
}

// consume magic water, irrelevant to job
bool player::useMW()
{
    if(bag.nOfMW()>0)
    {
        MP=MP+100;
        if(MP>MPmax)
            MP=MPmax;
        cout<<name<<" used Magic Water, MP increased by 100."<<endl;
        bag.useMW();
        system("pause");
        return 1;    // usage of magic water succeed
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<"Sorry, you don't have magic water to use."<<endl;
        system("pause");
        return 0;    // usage of magic water failed
    }
}

// possess opponent's items after victory
void player::transfer(player &p)
{
    cout<<name<<" got"<<p.bag.nOfHeal()<<" Heal, and "<<p.bag.nOfMW()<<" Magic Water."<<endl;
    system("pause");
    bag.set(bag.nOfHeal() + p.bag.nOfHeal(), bag.nOfMW() + p.bag.nOfMW());
    // set the character's bag, get opponent's items
}

// display character's job
void player::showRole()
{
    switch(role)
    {
    case sw:
        cout<<"Swordsman";
        break;
    case ar:
        cout<<"Archer";
        break;
    case mg:
        cout<<"Mage";
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}


// display character's job
void showinfo(player &p1, player &p2)
{
    system("cls");
    cout<<"##############################################################"<<endl;
    cout<<"# Player"<<setw(10)<<p1.name<<"   LV. "<<setw(3) <<p1.LV
        <<"  # Opponent"<<setw(10)<<p2.name<<"   LV. "<<setw(3) <<p2.LV<<" #"<<endl;
    cout<<"# HP "<<setw(3)<<(p1.HP<=999?p1.HP:999)<<'/'<<setw(3)<<(p1.HPmax<=999?p1.HPmax:999)
        <<" | MP "<<setw(3)<<(p1.MP<=999?p1.MP:999)<<'/'<<setw(3)<<(p1.MPmax<=999?p1.MPmax:999)
        <<"     # HP "<<setw(3)<<(p2.HP<=999?p2.HP:999)<<'/'<<setw(3)<<(p2.HPmax<=999?p2.HPmax:999)
        <<" | MP "<<setw(3)<<(p2.MP<=999?p2.MP:999)<<'/'<<setw(3)<<(p2.MPmax<=999?p2.MPmax:999)<<"      #"<<endl;
    cout<<"# AP "<<setw(3)<<(p1.AP<=999?p1.AP:999)
        <<" | DP "<<setw(3)<<(p1.DP<=999?p1.DP:999)
        <<" | speed "<<setw(3)<<(p1.speed<=999?p1.speed:999)
        <<" # AP "<<setw(3)<<(p2.AP<=999?p2.AP:999)
        <<" | DP "<<setw(3)<<(p2.DP<=999?p2.DP:999)
        <<" | speed "<<setw(3)<<(p2.speed<=999?p2.speed:999)<<"  #"<<endl;
    cout<<"# EXP"<<setw(7)<<p1.EXP<<" Job: "<<setw(7);
    p1.showRole();
    cout<<"   # EXP"<<setw(7)<<p2.EXP<<" Job: "<<setw(7);
    p2.showRole();
    cout<<"    #"<<endl;
    cout<<"--------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
    p1.bag.display();
    cout<<"##############################################################"<<endl;
}

//=======================
//        swordsman.h
//=======================

// Derived from base class player
// For the job Swordsman

#include "player.h"
class swordsman : public player        // subclass swordsman publicly inherited from base player
{
public:
    swordsman(int lv_in=1, string name_in="Not Given");    
        // constructor with default level of 1 and name of "Not given"
    void isLevelUp();
    bool attack (player &p);
    bool specialatt(player &p);
        /* These three are derived from the pure virtual functions of base class
           The definition of them will be given in this subclass. */
    void AI(player &p);                // Computer opponent
};

//=======================
//        swordsman.cpp
//=======================

// constructor. default values don't need to be repeated here

#include"swordsman.h"
using namespace std;

swordsman::swordsman(int lv_in, string name_in)
{
    role=sw;    // enumerate type of job
    LV=lv_in;
    name=name_in;
    
    // Initialising the character's properties, based on his level
    HPmax=150+8*(LV-1);        // HP increases 8 point2 per level
    HP=HPmax;
    MPmax=75+2*(LV-1);        // MP increases 2 points per level
    MP=MPmax;
    AP=25+4*(LV-1);            // AP increases 4 points per level
    DP=25+4*(LV-1);            // DP increases 4 points per level
    speed=25+2*(LV-1);        // speed increases 2 points per level
    
    playerdeath=0;
    EXP=LV*LV*75;
    bag.set(lv_in, lv_in);
}

void swordsman::isLevelUp()
{
    if(EXP>=LV*LV*75)
    {
        LV++;
        AP+=4;
        DP+=4;
        HPmax+=8;
        MPmax+=2;
        speed+=2;
        cout<<name<<" Level UP!"<<endl;
        cout<<"HP improved 8 points to "<<HPmax<<endl;
        cout<<"MP improved 2 points to "<<MPmax<<endl;
        cout<<"Speed improved 2 points to "<<speed<<endl;
        cout<<"AP improved 4 points to "<<AP<<endl;
        cout<<"DP improved 5 points to "<<DP<<endl;
        system("pause");
        isLevelUp();    // recursively call this function, so the character can level up multiple times if got enough exp
    }
}

bool swordsman::attack(player &p)
{
    double HPtemp=0;        // opponent's HP decrement
    double EXPtemp=0;        // player obtained exp
    double hit=1;            // attach factor, probably give critical attack
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));        // generating random seed based on system time

    // If speed greater than opponent, you have some possibility to do double attack
    if ((speed>p.speed) && (rand()%100<(speed-p.speed)))        // rand()%100 means generates a number no greater than 100
    {
        HPtemp=(int)((1.0*AP/p.DP)*AP*5/(rand()%4+10));        // opponent's HP decrement calculated based their AP/DP, and uncertain chance
        cout<<name<<"'s quick strike hit "<<p.name<<", "<<p.name<<"'s HP decreased "<<HPtemp<<endl;
        p.HP=int(p.HP-HPtemp);
        EXPtemp=(int)(HPtemp*1.2);
    }

    // If speed smaller than opponent, the opponent has possibility to evade
    if ((speed<p.speed) && (rand()%50<1))
    {
        cout<<name<<"'s attack has been evaded by "<<p.name<<endl;
        system("pause");
        return 1;
    }

    // 10% chance give critical attack
    if (rand()%100<=10)
    {
        hit=1.5;
        cout<<"Critical attack: ";
    }

    // Normal attack
    HPtemp=(int)((1.0*AP/p.DP)*AP*5/(rand()%4+10));
    cout<<name<<" uses bash, "<<p.name<<"'s HP decreases "<<HPtemp<<endl;
    EXPtemp=(int)(EXPtemp+HPtemp*1.2);
    p.HP=(int)(p.HP-HPtemp);
    cout<<name<<" obtained "<<EXPtemp<<" experience."<<endl;
    EXP=(int)(EXP+EXPtemp);
    system("pause");
    return 1;        // Attack success
}

bool swordsman::specialatt(player &p)
{
    if(MP<40)
    {
        cout<<"You don't have enough magic points!"<<endl;
        system("pause");
        return 0;        // Attack failed
    }
    else
    {
        MP-=40;            // consume 40 MP to do special attack
        
        //10% chance opponent evades
        if(rand()%100<=10)
        {
            cout<<name<<"'s leap attack has been evaded by "<<p.name<<endl;
            system("pause");
            return 1;
        }
        
        double HPtemp=0;        
        double EXPtemp=0;        
        //double hit=1;            
        //srand(time(NULL));        
        HPtemp=(int)(AP*1.2+20);        // not related to opponent's DP
        EXPtemp=(int)(HPtemp*1.5);        // special attack provides more experience
        cout<<name<<" uses leap attack, "<<p.name<<"'s HP decreases "<<HPtemp<<endl;
        cout<<name<<" obtained "<<EXPtemp<<" experience."<<endl;
        p.HP=(int)(p.HP-HPtemp);
        EXP=(int)(EXP+EXPtemp);
        system("pause");
    }
    return 1;    // special attack succeed
}

// Computer opponent
void swordsman::AI(player &p)
{
    if ((HP<(int)((1.0*p.AP/DP)*p.AP*1.5))&&(HP+100<=1.1*HPmax)&&(bag.nOfHeal()>0)&&(HP>(int)((1.0*p.AP/DP)*p.AP*0.5)))
        // AI's HP cannot sustain 3 rounds && not too lavish && still has heal && won't be killed in next round
    {
        useHeal();
    }
    else
    {
        if(MP>=40 && HP>0.5*HPmax && rand()%100<=30)
            // AI has enough MP, it has 30% to make special attack
        {
            specialatt(p);
            p.isDead();        // check whether player is dead
        }
        else
        {
            if (MP<40 && HP>0.5*HPmax && bag.nOfMW())
                // Not enough MP && HP is safe && still has magic water
            {
                useMW();
            }
            else
            {
                attack(p);    // normal attack
                p.isDead();
            }
        }
    }
}

//=======================
//        main.cpp
//=======================

// main function for the RPG style game

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "swordsman.h"
using namespace std;




int main()
{
    string tempName;
    bool success=0;        //flag for storing whether operation is successful
    cout <<"Please input player's name: ";
    cin >>tempName;        // get player's name from keyboard input
    player *human;        // use pointer of base class, convenience for polymorphism
    int tempJob;        // temp choice for job selection
    do
    {
        cout <<"Please choose a job: 1 Swordsman, 2 Archer, 3 Mage"<<endl;
        cin>>tempJob;
        system("cls");        // clear the screen
        switch(tempJob)
        {
        case 1:
            human=new swordsman(1,tempName);    // create the character with user inputted name and job
            success=1;        // operation succeed
            break;
        default:
            break;                // In this case, success=0, character creation failed
        }
    }while(success!=1);        // so the loop will ask user to re-create a character

    int tempCom;            // temp command inputted by user
    int nOpp=0;                // the Nth opponent
    for(int i=1;nOpp<5;i+=2)    // i is opponent's level
    {
        nOpp++;
        system("cls");
        cout<<"STAGE" <<nOpp<<endl;
        cout<<"Your opponent, a Level "<<i<<" Swordsman."<<endl;
        system("pause");
        swordsman enemy(i, "Warrior");    // Initialise an opponent, level i, name "Junior"
        human->reFill();                // get HP/MP refill before start fight
        
        while(!human->death() && !enemy.death())    // no died
        {
            success=0;
            while (success!=1)
            {
                showinfo(*human,enemy);                // show fighter's information
                cout<<"Please give command: "<<endl;
                cout<<"1 Attack; 2 Special Attack; 3 Use Heal; 4 Use Magic Water; 0 Exit Game"<<endl;
                cin>>tempCom;
                switch(tempCom)
                {
                case 0:
                    cout<<"Are you sure to exit? Y/N"<<endl;
                    char temp;
                    cin>>temp;
                    if(temp=='Y'||temp=='y')
                        return 0;
                    else
                        break;
                case 1:
                    success=human->attack(enemy);
                    human->isLevelUp();
                    enemy.isDead();
                    break;
                case 2:
                    success=human->specialatt(enemy);
                    human->isLevelUp();
                    enemy.isDead();
                    break;
                case 3:
                    success=human->useHeal();
                    break;
                case 4:
                    success=human->useMW();
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(!enemy.death())        // If AI still alive
                enemy.AI(*human);
            else                            // AI died
            {
                cout<<"YOU WIN"<<endl;
                human->transfer(enemy);        // player got all AI's items
            }
            if (human->death())
            {
                system("cls");
                cout<<endl<<setw(50)<<"GAME OVER"<<endl;
                delete human;        // player is dead, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
                system("pause");
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    delete human;            // You win, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
    system("cls");
    cout<<"Congratulations! You defeated all opponents!!"<<endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

 总结：

任务二使我初步接触了运算符重载和文件的应用

任务三则使我认识到了一位怀有梦想的学生所怀有的能量

不过游戏设计并不平衡

当然，一款可以让人“勉强能玩”的作品其实对于学生已经要求极高了