Linux下的GCC编译器内部预宏定义

Linux下的GCC编译器内部预宏定义

       经常在一些开源的程序中看到一些宏定义,却看不到这些宏定义是在哪些地方定义的,其实有些宏定义是交叉编译工具GCC预定义好的,比如:__GNUC__,__ELF__等等,怎么看到这些宏定义呢,可以采用以下命令来查看: 

gcc -E -dM - </dev/null :


root@ubuntu:~$ gcc -E -dM - </dev/null
#define __DBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)
#define __FLT_MIN__ 1.17549435e-38F
#define __CHAR_BIT__ 8
#define __WCHAR_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_1 1
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_2 1
#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_4 1
#define __DBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324
#define __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__ 2
#define __unix__ 1
#define __DBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)
#define __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__ 0
#define __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ 3
#define __DEC64_MAX_EXP__ 385
#define __SHRT_MAX__ 32767
#define __LDBL_MAX__ 1.18973149535723176502e+4932L
#define __UINTMAX_TYPE__ long long unsigned int
#define __linux 1
#define __DEC32_EPSILON__ 1E-6DF
#define __unix 1
#define __LDBL_MAX_EXP__ 16384
#define __linux__ 1
#define __SCHAR_MAX__ 127
#define __DBL_DIG__ 15
#define _FORTIFY_SOURCE 2
#define __SIZEOF_INT__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__ 4
#define __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__
#define __STDC_HOSTED__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __FLT_EPSILON__ 1.19209290e-7F
#define __LDBL_MIN__ 3.36210314311209350626e-4932L
#define __DEC32_MAX__ 9.999999E96DF
#define __SIZEOF_LONG__ 4
#define __DECIMAL_DIG__ 21
#define __gnu_linux__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __GNUC__ 4
#define __FLT_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__ 12
#define __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__ 16
#define __DBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308
#define __DBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __DEC32_MIN_EXP__ (-94)
#define __LDBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __DEC128_MAX__ 9.999999999999999999999999999999999E6144DL
#define __DEC32_MIN__ 1E-95DF
#define __DBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024
#define __DEC128_EPSILON__ 1E-33DL
#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__ 4
#define __GXX_ABI_VERSION 1002
#define __FLT_MIN_EXP__ (-125)
#define __DBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308
#define __DECIMAL_BID_FORMAT__ 1
#define __DEC128_MIN__ 1E-6143DL
#define __REGISTER_PREFIX__
#define __DBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __NO_INLINE__ 1
#define __i386 1
#define __FLT_MANT_DIG__ 24
#define __VERSION__ "4.4.3"
#define __DEC64_EPSILON__ 1E-15DD
#define __DEC128_MIN_EXP__ (-6142)
#define __i486__ 1
#define unix 1
#define __i386__ 1
#define __SIZE_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __ELF__ 1
#define __FLT_RADIX__ 2
#define __LDBL_EPSILON__ 1.08420217248550443401e-19L
#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__ 4
#define __DEC32_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000001E-95DF
#define __FLT_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38
#define __LONG_MAX__ 2147483647L
#define __DEC128_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000000000000000000000001E-6143DL
#define __FLT_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __DEC64_MAX__ 9.999999999999999E384DD
#define __CHAR16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define __DEC64_MANT_DIG__ 16
#define __DEC32_MAX_EXP__ 97
#define linux 1
#define __LDBL_MANT_DIG__ 64
#define __DBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __WCHAR_TYPE__ int
#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__ 4
#define __DEC64_MIN_EXP__ (-382)
#define __FLT_DIG__ 6
#define __INT_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __i486 1
#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128
#define __DBL_MANT_DIG__ 53
#define __DEC64_MIN__ 1E-383DD
#define __WINT_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__ 2
#define __LDBL_MIN_EXP__ (-16381)
#define __SSP__ 1
#define __LDBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 4932
#define __DBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16
#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ 4
#define __DEC_EVAL_METHOD__ 2
#define __INTMAX_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __FLT_DENORM_MIN__ 1.40129846e-45F
#define __CHAR32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.40282347e+38F
#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__ 8
#define __FLT_MIN_10_EXP__ (-37)
#define __INTMAX_TYPE__ long long int
#define i386 1
#define __DEC128_MAX_EXP__ 6145
#define __GNUC_MINOR__ 4
#define __DEC32_MANT_DIG__ 7
#define __DBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308
#define __LDBL_DENORM_MIN__ 3.64519953188247460253e-4951L
#define __STDC__ 1
#define __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ int
#define __DEC64_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000001E-383DD
#define __DEC128_MANT_DIG__ 34
#define __LDBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-4931)
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ 8
#define __LDBL_DIG__ 18
#define __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ 1
root@ubuntu:~$
        而在嵌入式Linux下的交叉编译GCC中也是可以采用这样的命令来查看的,比如:arm-linux-gcc -E -dM - </dev/null 命令来查看的如下所示:
root@ubuntu:~$ arm-linux-gcc -E -dM - </dev/null
#define __DBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)
#define __FLT_MIN__ 1.17549435e-38F
#define __DEC64_DEN__ 0.000000000000001E-383DD
#define __CHAR_BIT__ 8
#define __WCHAR_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __DBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324
#define __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__ 0
#define __unix__ 1
#define __DBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)
#define __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__ 0
#define __ARMEL__ 1
#define __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ 4
#define __DEC64_MAX_EXP__ 384
#define __SHRT_MAX__ 32767
#define __LDBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308L
#define __GXX_TYPEINFO_EQUALITY_INLINE 0
#define __UINTMAX_TYPE__ long long unsigned int
#define __linux 1
#define __DEC32_EPSILON__ 1E-6DF
#define __CHAR_UNSIGNED__ 1
#define __LDBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024
#define __linux__ 1
#define __SCHAR_MAX__ 127
#define __DBL_DIG__ 15
#define __SIZEOF_INT__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__ 4
#define __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__
#define __STDC_HOSTED__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __FLT_EPSILON__ 1.19209290e-7F
#define __APCS_32__ 1
#define __LDBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308L
#define __DEC32_MAX__ 9.999999E96DF
#define __SIZEOF_LONG__ 4
#define __DECIMAL_DIG__ 17
#define __gnu_linux__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __GNUC__ 4
#define __FLT_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__ 8
#define __ARM_ARCH_5T__ 1
#define __DBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308
#define __DBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __DEC32_MIN_EXP__ (-95)
#define __THUMB_INTERWORK__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __DEC128_MAX__ 9.999999999999999999999999999999999E6144DL
#define __DEC32_MIN__ 1E-95DF
#define __DBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024
#define __DEC128_EPSILON__ 1E-33DL
#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__ 4
#define __GXX_ABI_VERSION 1002
#define __SOFTFP__ 1
#define __FLT_MIN_EXP__ (-125)
#define __DBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308
#define __DEC128_MIN__ 1E-6143DL
#define __REGISTER_PREFIX__
#define __DBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __NO_INLINE__ 1
#define __FLT_MANT_DIG__ 24
#define __VERSION__ "4.3.4"
#define __DEC64_EPSILON__ 1E-15DD
#define __DEC128_MIN_EXP__ (-6143)
#define unix 1
#define __SIZE_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __DEC32_DEN__ 0.000001E-95DF
#define __ELF__ 1
#define __FLT_RADIX__ 2
#define __LDBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16L
#define __VFP_FP__ 1
#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__ 4
#define __FLT_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38
#define __LONG_MAX__ 2147483647L
#define __FLT_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __unix 1
#define __DEC64_MAX__ 9.999999999999999E384DD
#define __DEC64_MANT_DIG__ 16
#define __DEC32_MAX_EXP__ 96
#define linux 1
#define __DEC128_DEN__ 0.000000000000000000000000000000001E-6143DL
#define __LDBL_MANT_DIG__ 53
#define __DBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __WCHAR_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__ 4
#define __DEC64_MIN_EXP__ (-383)
#define __FLT_DIG__ 6
#define __INT_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128
#define __DBL_MANT_DIG__ 53
#define __DEC64_MIN__ 1E-383DD
#define __WINT_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__ 2
#define __LDBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)
#define __arm__ 1
#define __LDBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308
#define __DBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16
#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ 4
#define __DEC_EVAL_METHOD__ 2
#define __INTMAX_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __FLT_DENORM_MIN__ 1.40129846e-45F
#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.40282347e+38F
#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__ 8
#define __FLT_MIN_10_EXP__ (-37)
#define __INTMAX_TYPE__ long long int
#define __DEC128_MAX_EXP__ 6144
#define __GNUC_MINOR__ 3
#define __DEC32_MANT_DIG__ 7
#define __DBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308
#define __LDBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324L
#define __STDC__ 1
#define __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ int
#define __ARM_EABI__ 1
#define __DEC128_MANT_DIG__ 34
#define __LDBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ 8
#define __LDBL_DIG__ 15
#define __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ 1

二:GCC attribute机制
        GNU C的一大特色就是__attribute__机制。GNU C扩展的__attribute__ 机制被用来设置函数属性(Function   Attribute)、变量属性(Variable Attribute)和类型属性(Type Attribute)。__attribute__书写特征是:__attribute__前后都有两个下划线,并切后面会紧跟一对原括弧,括弧里面是相应的__attribute__参数。

        __attribute__语法格式为:__attribute__((attribute-list))

        其位置约束为: 放于声明的尾部“:”之前。

        函数属性(FunctionAttribute) 

        函数属性可以帮助开发者把一些特性添加到函数声明中,从而可以使编译器在错误检查方面的功能更强大。__attribute__机制也很容易同非GNU应用程序做到兼容之功效。 

        一个实际的例子是,动态库中有些函数的可见性,可以通过visibility来设置动态链接库中函数的可见性,将变量或函数设置为hidden,则该符号仅在本so中可见,在其他库中则不可见。
        GNU C在编译时,可用参数-fvisibility指定所有符号的可见性(不加此参数时默认外部可见);若需要对特定函数的可见性进行设置,需在代码中使用__attribute__设置visibility属性。
        编写大型程序时,可用-fvisibility=hidden设置符号默认隐藏,针对特定变量和函数,在代码中使用__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))另该符号外部可见,这种方法可用有效避免so之间的符号冲突。
---------------------
作者:wang-bob
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/wavemcu/article/details/43890305
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

posted @ 2019-05-08 10:40  soqu36  阅读(5684)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报