Oracle RMAN 的 show,list,crosscheck,delete命令整理
1、SHOW命令：
显示rman配置： RMAN> show all;
2、REPORT命令：
2.1、RMAN> report schema 报告目标数据库的物理结构;
2.2、RMAN>report need backup days=3; 报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件；
2.3、RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users; 在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件;
2.4、RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; 报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件;
2.5、RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database; 报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件;
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
2.6、RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days; 报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件;
2.7、RMAN> report unrecoverable; 报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件;
2.8、RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份;
2.9、RMAN>report obsolete; 报告多余的备份；
3、LIST命令：列出备份信息
3.1、列出数据文件备份集
RMAN>list backup 列出详细备份；
RMAN>list expired backup 列出过期备份;
RMAN> list backup of database; 列出所有数据文件的备份集；
RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01; 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集；
3.2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile 列出控制文件备份集;
3.3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all 列出归档日志备份集详细信息;
RMAN>list archivelog all; 列出归档日志备份集简要信息
3.4、RMAN> list backup of spfile 列出SPFILE备份集;
3.5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5 列出数据文件映像副本;
3.6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile 列出控制文件映像副本;
3.7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all 列出归档日志映像副本;
3.8、RMAN> list incarnation of database 列出对应物/列出数据库副本;
3.9、RMAN>list backup summary; 概述可用的备份；
B表示backup
F表示FULL
A表示archive log
0 1表示incremental backup
S说明备份状态（A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
3.10、RMAN>list backup by file 按备份类型列出备份；
按照数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出
4、CROSSCHECK命令：校验备份信息
4.1、RMAN> crosscheck backup 核对所有备份集;
4.2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database 核对所有数据文件的备份集;
4.3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的备份集;
4.4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 4 核对特定数据文件的备份集;
4.5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile 核对控制文件的备份集;
4.6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile 核对SPFILE的备份集;
4.7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 核对归档日志的备份集;
4.8、RMAN> crosscheck copy 核对所有映像副本;
4.9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database 核对所有数据文件的映像副本;
4.10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的映像副本;
4.11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6 核对特定数据文件的映像副本;
4.12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4 核对归档日志的映像副本;
4.13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile 核对控制文件的映像副本;
4.14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
4.15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
4.16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
4.17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT;
4.18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
4.19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
4.20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
4.21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
5、DELETE：删除备份
5.1、RMAN> delete obsolete; 删除陈旧备份；
5.2、RMAN> delete expired backup; 删除EXPIRED备份
5.3、RMAN> delete expired copy; 删除EXPIRED副本；
5.4、RMAN> delete backupset 19; 删除特定备份集；
5.5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:/backup/DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定备份片;
5.6、RMAN> delete backup 删除所有备份集;
5.7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:/backup/DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定映像副本;
5.8、RMAN> delete copy 删除所有映像副本;
5.9、RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;
RMAN> backup backupset 22 format = ''d:/backup/%u.bak'' delete input
在备份后删除输入对象;
5.10、RMAN> delete backupset id; 删除备份集
显示rman配置： RMAN> show all;
2、REPORT命令：
2.1、RMAN> report schema 报告目标数据库的物理结构;
2.2、RMAN>report need backup days=3; 报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件；
2.3、RMAN> report need backup days 3 tablespace users; 在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据文件;
2.4、RMAN> report need backup incremental 3; 报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次的数据文件;
2.5、RMAN> report need backup redundancy 2 database; 报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文件;
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
2.6、RMAN> report need backup recovery window of 6 days; 报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天的归档日志的数据文件;
2.7、RMAN> report unrecoverable; 报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件;
2.8、RMAN> report obsolete redunndancy 2; 报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份;
2.9、RMAN>report obsolete; 报告多余的备份；
3、LIST命令：列出备份信息
3.1、列出数据文件备份集
RMAN>list backup 列出详细备份；
RMAN>list expired backup 列出过期备份;
RMAN> list backup of database; 列出所有数据文件的备份集；
RMAN> list backup of tablespace user01; 列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集；
3.2、RMAN> list backup of controlfile 列出控制文件备份集;
3.3、RMAN> list backup of archivelog all 列出归档日志备份集详细信息;
RMAN>list archivelog all; 列出归档日志备份集简要信息
3.4、RMAN> list backup of spfile 列出SPFILE备份集;
3.5、RMAN> list copy of datafile 5 列出数据文件映像副本;
3.6、RMAN> list copy of controlfile 列出控制文件映像副本;
3.7、RMAN> list copy of archivelog all 列出归档日志映像副本;
3.8、RMAN> list incarnation of database 列出对应物/列出数据库副本;
3.9、RMAN>list backup summary; 概述可用的备份；
B表示backup
F表示FULL
A表示archive log
0 1表示incremental backup
S说明备份状态（A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
3.10、RMAN>list backup by file 按备份类型列出备份；
按照数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出
4、CROSSCHECK命令：校验备份信息
4.1、RMAN> crosscheck backup 核对所有备份集;
4.2、RMAN> crosscheck backup of database 核对所有数据文件的备份集;
4.3、RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的备份集;
4.4、RMAN> crosscheck backup of datafile 4 核对特定数据文件的备份集;
4.5、RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile 核对控制文件的备份集;
4.6、RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile 核对SPFILE的备份集;
4.7、RMAN> crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3 核对归档日志的备份集;
4.8、RMAN> crosscheck copy 核对所有映像副本;
4.9、RMAN> crosscheck copy of database 核对所有数据文件的映像副本;
4.10、RMAN> crosscheck copy of tablespace users 核对特定表空间的映像副本;
4.11、RMAN> crosscheck copy of datafile 6 核对特定数据文件的映像副本;
4.12、RMAN> crosscheck copy of archivelog sequence 4 核对归档日志的映像副本;
4.13、RMAN> crosscheck copy of controlfile 核对控制文件的映像副本;
4.14、RMAN> crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
4.15、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
4.16、RMAN> crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
4.17、RMAN> crosscheck backup device type sBT;
4.18、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
4.19、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
4.20、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
4.21、RMAN> crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
5、DELETE：删除备份
5.1、RMAN> delete obsolete; 删除陈旧备份；
5.2、RMAN> delete expired backup; 删除EXPIRED备份
5.3、RMAN> delete expired copy; 删除EXPIRED副本；
5.4、RMAN> delete backupset 19; 删除特定备份集；
5.5、RMAN> delete backuppiece ''d:/backup/DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定备份片;
5.6、RMAN> delete backup 删除所有备份集;
5.7、RMAN> delete datafilecopy ''d:/backup/DEMO_19.bak'' 删除特定映像副本;
5.8、RMAN> delete copy 删除所有映像副本;
5.9、RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;
RMAN> backup backupset 22 format = ''d:/backup/%u.bak'' delete input
在备份后删除输入对象;
5.10、RMAN> delete backupset id; 删除备份集
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RMAN 的list 命令
1 列出对应物 RMAN>list incarnation;
2 列出备份
2.1概述可用的备份 RMAN>list backup summary;
B 表示 backup
1 列出对应物 RMAN>list incarnation;
2 列出备份
2.1概述可用的备份 RMAN>list backup summary;
B 表示 backup
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F 表示 FULL
A 表示 archive log
A 表示 archive log
0 1 表示 incremental backup
S 说明备份状态 （A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
2.2按备份类型列出备份 RMAN>list backup by file;
按照 数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出
2.3列出详细备份 RMAN>list backup；
2.4列出过期备份 RMAN>list expired backup;
2.5列出表空间和数据文件备份
list backup of tablespace 和list backup of datafile 输出和list backup 相似
如：list backup of tablespace user_tbs;
list backup of datafile 3;
2.6列出归档日志备份 RMAN>list archivelog all; 简要信息
RMAN>list backup of archivelog all; 详细信息
2.7列出控制文件和服务器参数文件
RMAN>list backup of controfile;
RMAN>list backup of spfile;
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RMAN 的 report命令
1. 报告最近没有被备份的数据文件
RMAN>report need backup days=3;
2. 报告备份冗余或恢复窗口
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
RMAN>report need backup recovery window of 2 days;
3. 报告数据文件的不可恢复操作
RMAN>report unrecoverable;
4. 报告数据库模式
RMAN>report schema;
5. 报告丢弃的备份
如果使用了保存策略，备份会标记为丢弃状态 RMAN>report obsolete; 删除丢弃状态备份RMAN>delete obsolete;
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RMAN的crosscheck 命令
1 备份集有两种状态A(Available,RMAN认为该项存在于备份介质上)X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）
2 crosscheck 的目的是检查RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持Available。如果原先标记为Expired的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck将把状态重新从Expired标记回Available。
3 crosscheck 输出分两部分。第一部分列出确定存在于备份介质上的所有备份集片，第二部分列出不存在于备份介质上的备份集片，并将其标记为Expired。当设置备份保存策略后，一个备份过期，crosscheck之后标记为丢弃的备份状态依旧为availabel,要删除丢弃备份delete obsolete。
4 示例：
crosscheck backup
crosscheck backup of datafile 1;
crosscheck backup of tablespace users;
crosscheck backup of controfile;
crosscheck backup of controlfile;
crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
crosscheck backup device type sbt;
crosscheck archivelog all;
crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
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RMAN 的validate 命令
1 validate 命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原
2 list backup summary; 得到了备份集得主键ID如40，然后validate backupset 40;
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RMAN 的备份保存策略以及change ,delete命令
0.带delete参数的change 命令删除备份集，从备份介质，并且从控制文件和恢复目录中删除。
change backupset 117,118 delete;
change backuppiece 1304 delete;
change archivelog until logseq =544 delete;
1.两类策略：恢复窗口备份保存策略（recovery windows backup retension policy) 基于时间
备份冗余备份保存策略（backup redundancy backup retension policy) 基于备份的数量
两类策略互相排斥
2.即使使用了备份保存策略，备份到期并不删除，只是在RMAN目录中标记为丢弃，看到的状态依旧为available;
要查看标记为丢弃的备份 report obsolete，只有使用delete obsolete才真正物理删除。
3.configure retension policy to recovery window of 7 days;
configure retension policy to redundancy 3;
显示结果 show all;
4.查看到期丢弃的备份时，可能需要手工保存一些备份 ，可以使用change 命令带keep 参数，使用这个命令后，那些被修改的备份将被认为是个long-term backup,不在受保存策略影响也就是说delete obsolete 也不删除。
5.要使备份时候不受保存策略影响 ,使用带keep参数的backup 命令
backup database keep forever;
backup database keep 5 days;
6.change 命令功能
可以修改备份为永久保存并将以及该备份的相关的日志保存下来，保证总能将备份恢复到当前时间点
change backupset 31 keep forever logs;
可以设置备份丢弃的新日期 ，将备份在多保存7 天，7 天后将删除
change backupset 32 keep until time 'sysdata + 7' logs;
7.change 可以将备份集设置为unavailable
change backupset 33 unavailable;
标记为unavailable状态的备份集并不参与crosscheck;
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恢复目录的记录删除
1. $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql 脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录
2. 要删除旧的对应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC 表中删除这些对应物，使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION 视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY
随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2;
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手工同步恢复目录
resync catalog;
Oracle同步恢复目录的时候，首先创建快照控制文件，然后比较这个文件和恢复目录，完成后，Oracle 更新恢复目录，使恢复目录和控制文件同步
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在RMAN 中存储脚本
1，连接到目标数据库和恢复目录
rman target / catalog rman/rman@rman9i
2,创建脚本
RMAN>create script my_bk_script
2>{backup database plus archivelog;}
create script my_bk_script
3,打印脚本
RMAN>print script my_bk_script;
printing stored scipt:my_bk_script
{backup database plus archivelog;}
4,运行这个脚本，备份目标数据库
RMAN>run {execute scipt my_bk_script;}
5 删除脚本
RMAN>delete script my_bk_script;
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archivelog模式下的完全恢复
step1：set oracle_sid=recover
rman target rman_backup/password
configure controlfile autobackup on;
step2：backup database plus archivelog delete input;
step3：shutdown immediate;
step4：重命名所有的数据文件和控制文件，不重命名联机重做日志。
step5: startup nomount;
set DBID=****
restore controlfile from autobackup;
alter database mount;
step6: restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
表空间恢复
sql"alter tablespace users offline";
sql"alter tablespace tools offline";
restore tablespace users,tools;
recover tablespace users,tools;
sql"alter tablespace users online";
sql"alter tablespace tools online";
数据文件恢复
sql"alter database datafile 3 offline";
sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf' offline";
restore datafile 3
restore datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf';
recover datafile 3
recover datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf';
sql"alter database datafile 3 online";
sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'online";
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切换当前的incarnation 回到resetlogs 前RESET DATABASE TO INCARNATION inc_key
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RMAN 高级恢复
1 基于时间点的恢复
run
{
set until time "to_date('07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')"'
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
2 基于SCN 的恢复
startup mount;
restore database UNTIL SCN 10000;
recover database UNTIL SCN 10000;
alter database open resetlogs;
3 基于日志序列的恢复
startup mount;
restore database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
recover database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
alter database open resetlogs;
S 说明备份状态 （A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
2.2按备份类型列出备份 RMAN>list backup by file;
按照 数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出
2.3列出详细备份 RMAN>list backup；
2.4列出过期备份 RMAN>list expired backup;
2.5列出表空间和数据文件备份
list backup of tablespace 和list backup of datafile 输出和list backup 相似
如：list backup of tablespace user_tbs;
list backup of datafile 3;
2.6列出归档日志备份 RMAN>list archivelog all; 简要信息
RMAN>list backup of archivelog all; 详细信息
2.7列出控制文件和服务器参数文件
RMAN>list backup of controfile;
RMAN>list backup of spfile;
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RMAN 的 report命令
1. 报告最近没有被备份的数据文件
RMAN>report need backup days=3;
2. 报告备份冗余或恢复窗口
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
RMAN>report need backup recovery window of 2 days;
3. 报告数据文件的不可恢复操作
RMAN>report unrecoverable;
4. 报告数据库模式
RMAN>report schema;
5. 报告丢弃的备份
如果使用了保存策略，备份会标记为丢弃状态 RMAN>report obsolete; 删除丢弃状态备份RMAN>delete obsolete;
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RMAN的crosscheck 命令
1 备份集有两种状态A(Available,RMAN认为该项存在于备份介质上)X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）
2 crosscheck 的目的是检查RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持Available。如果原先标记为Expired的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck将把状态重新从Expired标记回Available。
3 crosscheck 输出分两部分。第一部分列出确定存在于备份介质上的所有备份集片，第二部分列出不存在于备份介质上的备份集片，并将其标记为Expired。当设置备份保存策略后，一个备份过期，crosscheck之后标记为丢弃的备份状态依旧为availabel,要删除丢弃备份delete obsolete。
4 示例：
crosscheck backup
crosscheck backup of datafile 1;
crosscheck backup of tablespace users;
crosscheck backup of controfile;
crosscheck backup of controlfile;
crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
crosscheck backup device type sbt;
crosscheck archivelog all;
crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
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RMAN 的validate 命令
1 validate 命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原
2 list backup summary; 得到了备份集得主键ID如40，然后validate backupset 40;
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RMAN 的备份保存策略以及change ,delete命令
0.带delete参数的change 命令删除备份集，从备份介质，并且从控制文件和恢复目录中删除。
change backupset 117,118 delete;
change backuppiece 1304 delete;
change archivelog until logseq =544 delete;
1.两类策略：恢复窗口备份保存策略（recovery windows backup retension policy) 基于时间
备份冗余备份保存策略（backup redundancy backup retension policy) 基于备份的数量
两类策略互相排斥
2.即使使用了备份保存策略，备份到期并不删除，只是在RMAN目录中标记为丢弃，看到的状态依旧为available;
要查看标记为丢弃的备份 report obsolete，只有使用delete obsolete才真正物理删除。
3.configure retension policy to recovery window of 7 days;
configure retension policy to redundancy 3;
显示结果 show all;
4.查看到期丢弃的备份时，可能需要手工保存一些备份 ，可以使用change 命令带keep 参数，使用这个命令后，那些被修改的备份将被认为是个long-term backup,不在受保存策略影响也就是说delete obsolete 也不删除。
5.要使备份时候不受保存策略影响 ,使用带keep参数的backup 命令
backup database keep forever;
backup database keep 5 days;
6.change 命令功能
可以修改备份为永久保存并将以及该备份的相关的日志保存下来，保证总能将备份恢复到当前时间点
change backupset 31 keep forever logs;
可以设置备份丢弃的新日期 ，将备份在多保存7 天，7 天后将删除
change backupset 32 keep until time 'sysdata + 7' logs;
7.change 可以将备份集设置为unavailable
change backupset 33 unavailable;
标记为unavailable状态的备份集并不参与crosscheck;
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恢复目录的记录删除
1. $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql 脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录
2. 要删除旧的对应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC 表中删除这些对应物，使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION 视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY
随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2;
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手工同步恢复目录
resync catalog;
Oracle同步恢复目录的时候，首先创建快照控制文件，然后比较这个文件和恢复目录，完成后，Oracle 更新恢复目录，使恢复目录和控制文件同步
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在RMAN 中存储脚本
1，连接到目标数据库和恢复目录
rman target / catalog rman/rman@rman9i
2,创建脚本
RMAN>create script my_bk_script
2>{backup database plus archivelog;}
create script my_bk_script
3,打印脚本
RMAN>print script my_bk_script;
printing stored scipt:my_bk_script
{backup database plus archivelog;}
4,运行这个脚本，备份目标数据库
RMAN>run {execute scipt my_bk_script;}
5 删除脚本
RMAN>delete script my_bk_script;
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archivelog模式下的完全恢复
step1：set oracle_sid=recover
rman target rman_backup/password
configure controlfile autobackup on;
step2：backup database plus archivelog delete input;
step3：shutdown immediate;
step4：重命名所有的数据文件和控制文件，不重命名联机重做日志。
step5: startup nomount;
set DBID=****
restore controlfile from autobackup;
alter database mount;
step6: restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
表空间恢复
sql"alter tablespace users offline";
sql"alter tablespace tools offline";
restore tablespace users,tools;
recover tablespace users,tools;
sql"alter tablespace users online";
sql"alter tablespace tools online";
数据文件恢复
sql"alter database datafile 3 offline";
sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf' offline";
restore datafile 3
restore datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf';
recover datafile 3
recover datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf';
sql"alter database datafile 3 online";
sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'online";
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切换当前的incarnation 回到resetlogs 前RESET DATABASE TO INCARNATION inc_key
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RMAN 高级恢复
1 基于时间点的恢复
run
{
set until time "to_date('07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')"'
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
2 基于SCN 的恢复
startup mount;
restore database UNTIL SCN 10000;
recover database UNTIL SCN 10000;
alter database open resetlogs;
3 基于日志序列的恢复
startup mount;
restore database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
recover database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
alter database open resetlogs;
