ORACLE10G RMAN 命令
RMAN 命令
连接到目标数据库(不用恢复目录数据库)
rman target / nocatalog
显示rman配置
RMAN> show all;
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报告目标数据库的物理结构
RMAN> report schema;
报告陈旧备份
RMAN> report obsolete;
报告不可恢复的数据文件
RMAN> report unrecoverable;
列出备份信息
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> list backup of database;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace table_name;
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
RMAN> list backup of spfile;
RMAN> list backupset id;
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校验备份信息：
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> crosscheck backup of database;
RMAN> crosscheck backup of tablespace system;
RMAN> crosscheck backup of controlfile;
RMAN> crosscheck backup of spfile;
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删除备份
Use the ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE command to manually allocate a channel in preparation for issuing a CHANGE, DELETE, or CROSSCHECK command. You can use the RELEASE CHANNEL command to unallocate the channel.
ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE device type (disk,sbt ...)
RMAN> delete obsolete; -- 删除陈旧备份
RMAN> delete expired backup;
RMAN> delete backupset id;
RMAN> delete backup; -- 删除所有备份
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1 列出对应物 RMAN>list incarnation;
2 列出备份
2.1概述可用的备份 RMAN>list backup summary;
B 表示 backup
F 表示 FULL
A 表示 archive log
0 1 表示 incremental backup
S 说明备份状态 （A AVAILABLE X EXPIRED )
2.2按备份类型列出备份 RMAN>list backup by file;
按照 数据文件备份，归档日志备份，控制文件备份，服务器参数文件备份 列出
2.3列出详细备份 RMAN>list backup；
2.4列出过期备份 RMAN>list expired backup;
2.5列出表空间和数据文件备份
list backup of tablespace 和list backup of datafile 输出和list backup 相似
如：list backup of tablespace user_tbs;
list backup of datafile 3;
2.6列出归档日志备份 RMAN>list archivelog all; 简要信息
RMAN>list backup of archivelog all; 详细信息
2.7列出控制文件和服务器参数文件
RMAN>list backup of controfile;
RMAN>list backup of spfile;
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RMAN 的 report命令
1. 报告最近没有被备份的数据文件
RMAN>report need backup days=3;
2. 报告备份冗余或恢复窗口
RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2;
RMAN>report need backup recovery window of 2 days;
3. 报告数据文件的不可恢复操作
RMAN>report unrecoverable;
4. 报告数据库模式
RMAN>report schema;
5. 报告丢弃的备份
如果使用了保存策略，备份会标记为丢弃状态 RMAN>report obsolete; 删除丢弃状态备份RMAN>delete obsolete;
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RMAN的crosscheck 命令
1 备份集有两种状态A(Available,RMAN认为该项存在于备份介质上)X(Expired，备份存在于控制文件或恢复目录中，但是并没有物理存在于备份介质上）
2 crosscheck 的目的是检查RMAN 的目录以及物理文件，如果物理文件不存在于介质上，将标记为Expired。如果物理文件存在，将维持Available。如果原先标记为Expired的备份集再次存在于备份介质上（如恢复了损坏的磁盘驱动器后），crosscheck将把状态重新从Expired标记回Available。
3 crosscheck 输出分两部分。第一部分列出确定存在于备份介质上的所有备份集片，第二部分列出不存在于备份介质上的备份集片，并将其标记为Expired。当设置备份保 存策略后，一个备份过期，crosscheck之后标记为丢弃的备份状态依旧为availabel,要删除丢弃备份delete obsolete。
4 示例：
crosscheck backup
crosscheck backup of datafile 1;
crosscheck backup of tablespace users;
crosscheck backup of controfile;
crosscheck backup of controlfile;
crosscheck backup tag='SAT_BACKUP';
crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate - 2'
crosscheck backup completed between 'sysdate - 5' and 'sysdate -2 '
crosscheck backup device type sbt;
crosscheck archivelog all;
crosscheck archivelog like '%ARC00012.001'
crosscheck archivelog from sequence 12;
crosscheck archivelog until sequence 522;
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RMAN 的validate 命令
1 validate 命令验证备份集片是否能够被还原
2 list backup summary; 得到了备份集得主键ID如40，然后validate backupset 40;
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RMAN 的备份保存策略以及change ,delete命令
0.带delete参数的change 命令删除备份集，从备份介质，并且从控制文件和恢复目录中删除。
change backupset 117,118 delete;
change backuppiece 1304 delete;
change archivelog until logseq =544 delete;
1.两类策略：恢复窗口备份保存策略（recovery windows backup retension policy) 基于时间
备份冗余备份保存策略（backup redundancy backup retension policy) 基于备份的数量
两类策略互相排斥
2.即使使用了备份保存策略，备份到期并不删除，只是在RMAN目录中标记为丢弃，看到的状态依旧为available;
要查看标记为丢弃的备份 report obsolete，只有使用delete obsolete才真正物理删除。
3.configure retension policy to recovery window of 7 days;
configure retension policy to redundancy 3;
显示结果 show all;
4.查看到期丢弃的备份时，可能需要手工保存一些备份 ，可以使用change 命令带keep 参数，使用这个命令后，那些被修改的备份将被认为是个long-term backup,不在受保存策略影响也就是说delete obsolete 也不删除。
5.要使备份时候不受保存策略影响 ,使用带keep参数的backup 命令
backup database keep forever;
backup database keep 5 days;
6.change 命令功能
可以修改备份为永久保存并将以及该备份的相关的日志保存下来，保证总能将备份恢复到当前时间点
change backupset 31 keep forever logs;
可以设置备份丢弃的新日期 ，将备份在多保存7 天，7 天后将删除
change backupset 32 keep until time 'sysdata + 7' logs;
7.change 可以将备份集设置为unavailable
change backupset 33 unavailable;
标记为unavailable状态的备份集并不参与crosscheck;
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恢复目录的记录删除
1. $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prgrmanc.sql 脚本定期删除恢复目录中具有DELETED状态的记录
2. 要删除旧的对应物记录incarnation.必须从DBINC 表中删除这些对应物，使用RC_DATABASE_INCARNATION 视图来确定要删除的对应物。记录要删除的每个对应物的DBINC_KEY
随后启动SQL*Plus,执行delete from dbinc where dbinc_key=2;
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手工同步恢复目录
resync catalog;
Oracle同步恢复目录的时候，首先创建快照控制文件，然后比较这个文件和恢复目录，完成后，Oracle 更新恢复目录，使恢复目录和控制文件同步
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在RMAN 中存储脚本
1，连接到目标数据库和恢复目录
rman target / catalog rman/rman@rman9i
2,创建脚本
RMAN>create script my_bk_script
2>{backup database plus archivelog;}
create script my_bk_script
3,打印脚本
RMAN>print script my_bk_script;
printing stored scipt:my_bk_script
{backup database plus archivelog;}
4,运行这个脚本，备份目标数据库
RMAN>run {execute scipt my_bk_script;}
5 删除脚本
RMAN>delete script my_bk_script;
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archivelog模式下的完全恢复
step1：set oracle_sid=recover
rman target rman_backup/password
configure controlfile autobackup on;
step2：backup database plus archivelog delete input;
step3：shutdown immediate;
step4：重命名所有的数据文件和控制文件，不重命名联机重做日志。
step5: startup nomount;
set DBID=****
restore controlfile from autobackup;
alter database mount;
step6: restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
表空间恢复
sql"alter tablespace users offline";
sql"alter tablespace tools offline";
restore tablespace users,tools;
recover tablespace users,tools;
sql"alter tablespace users online";
sql"alter tablespace tools online";
数据文件恢复
sql"alter database datafile 3 offline";
sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf' offline";
restore datafile 3
restore datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf';
recover datafile 3
recover datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf';
sql"alter database datafile 3 online";
sql"alter database datafile 'd:oracleoradatausers01.dbf'online";
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切换当前的incarnation 回到resetlogs 前RESET DATABASE TO INCARNATION inc_key
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RMAN 高级恢复
1 基于时间点的恢复
run
{
set until time "to_date('07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')"'
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;
}
2 基于SCN 的恢复
startup mount;
restore database UNTIL SCN 10000;
recover database UNTIL SCN 10000;
alter database open resetlogs;
3 基于日志序列的恢复
startup mount;
restore database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
recover database UNTIL SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
alter database open resetlogs;
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c:/> rman cmdfile='' log=''
在run{}脚本里面，format后面的参数含义：%t代表当前时间，s%代表备份集，%p代表备份片
