Flask-Request

请求方式

Flask默认是GET请求

如果我们在一个页面中即需要GET请求又需要POST请求那么我们需要重写methods方法:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text">
    密码:<input type="password">
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
from flask import Flask,render_template
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login',methods=["POST","GET"])  # 重写methods方法
def login():
    return render_template("login.html")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run("0.0.0.0",9876)

其他方法

Flask中的request为我们提供了很多属性,只需导入request直接调用对应的属性就可以直接看到效果

request.method

Flask 的 request 中给我们提供了一个 method 属性里面保存的就是前端的请求的方式

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login',methods=["POST","GET"])
def login():
    # 获取前端的请求的方式
    print(request.method)
    return render_template("login.html")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run("0.0.0.0",9876)

request.form

获取请求数据

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login',methods=["POST","GET"])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("login.html")
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 获取form表单提交的数据
        print(request.form) # ImmutableMultiDict([('username', 'henry'), ('password', '123456')])
        return "200 ok"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run("0.0.0.0",9876)

通过reqeust.form属性做登录验证

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login',methods=["POST","GET"])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("login.html")
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 获取form表单提交的数据
        print(request.form) # ImmutableMultiDict([('username', 'henry'), ('password', '123456')])
        username = request.form.get("username")
        password = request.form.get("password")
        if username == "henry" and password == "123456":
            return "200 ok"
        else:
            return "404"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run("0.0.0.0",9876)

注意：ImmutableMultiDict类型的数据和我们python中的字典用法是一样的

我们可以通过to_dict()方法将上面的这种数据类型转换成我们python中的字典,如下所示

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login',methods=["POST","GET"])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("login.html")
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 获取form表单提交的数据
        print(request.form.to_dict())  # {'username': 'henry', 'password': '123456'}
        username = request.form.get("username")
        password = request.form.get("password")
        if username == "henry" and password == "123456":
            return "200 ok"
        else:
            return "404"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run("0.0.0.0",9876)

我们用get方法取字典中的值防止报错

request.headers

获取请求头中的数据

print(request.headers)

#Host: 192.168.16.42:9876
#Connection: keep-alive
#Content-Length: 27
#Cache-Control: max-age=0
#Origin: http://192.168.16.42:9876
#Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
#Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
#User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36
#Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
#Referer: http://192.168.16.42:9876/login
#Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
#Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9

request.args

获取GET请求中的url参数

print(request.args)

# ImmutableMultiDict([('name', 'henry'), ('age', '18')])

# 通过to_dict()方法转换成字典
print(request.args.to_dict())

# {'name': 'henry', 'age': '18'}

request.files

上传文件

 前端页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username">
    密码:<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="file" name="my_file">
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>

后端代码

from flask import Flask,render_template,request
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login',methods=["POST","GET"])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("login.html")

    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.form.get("username")
        password = request.form.get("password")
        if username == "henry" and password == "123456":
            print(request.files) # ImmutableMultiDict([('my_file', <FileStorage: 'click点击事件.gif' ('image/gif')>)])
            files = request.files.get("my_file") # files是FileStorage类型 注意:不是文件句柄
            print(files.filename) # click点击事件.gif 【文件名字】
            files.save(files.filename) # FileStorage类型调用save方法保存

            return "200 ok"
        else:
            return "404"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run("0.0.0.0",9876)
fp = os.path.join("templates",files.filename)  # 通过os模块指定保存路径

request中的其他属性

print(request.url) # 获取访问全路径
print(request.path) # 路由地址 /login
print(request.values) # 可以获取URL中的参数 也可以获取 FormData中的数据

print(request.args.get("id")) # 获取URL中的参数
print(request.args["id"]) # 获取URL中的参数
print(request.args.to_dict()) # 获取URL中的参数 转换成 字典

print(request.environ) # 获取请求原始信息
print(request.base_url) # 获取URL头,不包含参数

两个特殊的属性

print(request.json) # 请求头中 Content-type:application/json 数据序列化 request.json
print(request.data) # 请求头中 Content-type 不包含 Form or data

 

posted @ 2019-07-10 18:25  叫我大表哥  阅读(701)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报