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Java字符串split方法的坑

先来看几行简单的Java代码,如下:

System.out.println("1,2".split(",").length);
System.out.println("1,2,".split(",").length);
System.out.println("".split(",").length);
System.out.println(",".split(",").length);

接下来,猜一下各行的输出结果。OK,下面给出真正的运行结果:

2
2
1
0

这里先给出jdk相关源码,再来对应分析各自的输出:

public String[] split(String regex, int limit) {
        /* fastpath if the regex is a
         (1)one-char String and this character is not one of the
            RegEx's meta characters ".$|()[{^?*+\\", or
         (2)two-char String and the first char is the backslash and
            the second is not the ascii digit or ascii letter.
         */
        char ch = 0;
        if (((regex.value.length == 1 &&
             ".$|()[{^?*+\\".indexOf(ch = regex.charAt(0)) == -1) ||
             (regex.length() == 2 &&
              regex.charAt(0) == '\\' &&
              (((ch = regex.charAt(1))-'0')|('9'-ch)) < 0 &&
              ((ch-'a')|('z'-ch)) < 0 &&
              ((ch-'A')|('Z'-ch)) < 0)) &&
            (ch < Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE ||
             ch > Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE))
        {
            int off = 0;
            int next = 0;
            boolean limited = limit > 0;
            ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
            while ((next = indexOf(ch, off)) != -1) {
                if (!limited || list.size() < limit - 1) {
                    list.add(substring(off, next));
                    off = next + 1;
                } else {    // last one
                    //assert (list.size() == limit - 1);
                    list.add(substring(off, value.length));
                    off = value.length;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // If no match was found, return this
            if (off == 0)
                return new String[]{this};

            // Add remaining segment
            if (!limited || list.size() < limit)
                list.add(substring(off, value.length));

            // Construct result
            int resultSize = list.size();
            if (limit == 0) {
                while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
                    resultSize--;
                }
            }
            String[] result = new String[resultSize];
            return list.subList(0, resultSize).toArray(result);
        }
        return Pattern.compile(regex).split(this, limit);
    }

1.第一行代码的输出结果肯定没什么问题,字符串 "1,2" 以 "," 分隔,结果很直观的是 ["1", "2"]length=2

2.第二行代码的输出结果,可能大家有人认为是length=3才对,因为字符串 "1,2," 以 "," 分隔,结果应该是 ["1", "2", ""],length=3;其实不然,jdk在split处理的时候,确实会先生成一个集合list = ["1", "2", ""],但之后却会循环判断末位元素是否为空字符串(即末位元素length=0),因此集合最终会变成 ["1", "2"]length=2。具体判断如下:

while (resultSize > 0 && list.get(resultSize - 1).length() == 0) {
        resultSize--;
}

3.第三行代码的输出结果,数组 [""]length=1。与其他三种情况不同,空字符串 "" 中不包含regex字符串 ",",所以代表没有匹配上的子串(off=0),则返回字符串本身。具体处理如下:

// If no match was found, return this
if (off == 0)
    return new String[]{this};

4.第四行代码的输出结果,可能也有部分人认为结果应是length=2,因为字符串 "," 以 "," 分隔,结果应该是 ["", ""],length=2;其实亦不然,与第2行同样的原理,最终将list=["", ""] 处理为空集合 []length=0

以上,系本文分享的split的一个小坑;除此之外,另一个需要注意的地方,split方法的参数是正则表达式而非一般字符串,所以在处理正则转义字符和特殊字符时留意即可。

posted on 2019-01-23 23:08  豆角茄子子  阅读(2140)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报