Windows 静态编译 安装 Qt5 备忘
0-先决条件
安装MSVC
https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/downloads/
我安装了Visual Studio 2022，选择安装了其中的“使用C++进行桌面开发”工作负荷。
你当然也可以使用mingw。
安装perl
https://strawberryperl.com/
下载安装并确保添加到环境变量中。
安装python3.x
http://www.python.org/download/
下载安装并确保添加到环境变量中。
下载jom（可选）
https://download.qt.io/official_releases/jom/
下载并解压缩备用。
下载qt5源码
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt/archive/qt/
下载并解压缩备用。
1-编译与安装
找到你安装好的msvc，打开命令行工具。在命令行内进入源码文件夹。
如果你不会在cmd里进入文件夹，那就去问一下可爱的搜索引擎。
接下来需要在命令行内输入编译参数。
生成参数参考
-static //指明是静态编译
-prefix "D:\Software\Qt\6.0.x\6.0.2\msvc2019_64_static" //指明安装的目录，自行修改
-confirm-license -opensource //指明是开源版本的qt
-debug-and-release //需要编译的版本，可选-debug和-relaease
-force-asserts //强制启用Q_ASSERT,即使在release构建中
-platform win32-msvc //指明使用msvc编译
-nomake examples -nomake tests //不编译样例，跳过 Test
-no-compile-examples //跳过构建例子，但拷贝例子源码。
-qt-sqlite -qt-pcre -qt-zlib -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -qt-freetype -qt-harfbuzz //可选第三方库
-opengl desktop //常规桌面版OpenGL
-opengl dynamic //设置 OpenGL 版本为动态
-mp //多线程编译
-skip qtserialbus -skip qtspeech //跳过编译某些模块，有风险
-skip qtwebengine //跳过 Qt WebEngine 没有必要且体积非常大的东西。（官方都建议跳过）
具体有多少种三方库可构建，请参阅：https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/configure-options.html
opengl我这里选择了桌面版，请看qt的文档查看各个版本的区别。
我的编译参数
configure.bat -static -prefix "C:\Users\zhopi\qt-5.15.4-static-MSVC2022-64bit" -confirm-license -opensource -debug-and-release -no-compile-examples -nomake tests -plugin-sql-sqlite -plugin-sql-odbc -qt-zlib -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -opengl desktop -mp
注意： 我没有指定编译的平台，而是通过开启不同的MSVC环境来编译32位 Qt和64位Qt。开启x64的命令行编译的就是64位的Qt，x32就是32位。
输入这一大堆东西后，等一会儿，如果没有报错的话，命令行里应该会提示要你键入 nmake 进行编译。这里使用jom进行编译。
jom可以粗暴的理解为可以多线程编译的nmake。
还记得解压备用的jom在哪吗？下面就要用了。
在命令行内输入
[你的jom的绝对路径] -j [你机器上CPU的线程数]
我的输入的命令是
C:\jom_1_1_3\jom.exe -j 16
去散个步吧，要编译好一会儿。
当然可以使用只nmake进行编译，不过那就要单核编译到地老天荒了。
编译完成后，输入以下内容安装到你指定的位置。
jom install
2-所有参数的帮助
Usage: configure [options] [assignments]
Configure understands variable assignments like VAR=value on the command line.
Each uppercased library name (obtainable with -list-libraries) supports the
suffixes _INCDIR, _LIBDIR, _PREFIX (INCDIR=PREFIX/include, LIBDIR=PREFIX/lib),
_LIBS, and - on Windows and Darwin - _LIBS_DEBUG and _LIBS_RELEASE. E.g.,
ICU_PREFIX=/opt/icu42 ICU_LIBS="-licui18n -licuuc -licudata".
It is also possible to manipulate any QMAKE_* variable, to amend the values
from the mkspec for the build of Qt itself, e.g., QMAKE_CXXFLAGS+=-g3.
Note that the *_LIBS* and QMAKE_* assignments manipulate lists, so items
containing meta characters (spaces in particular) need to be quoted according
to qmake rules. On top of that, the assignments as a whole need to be quoted
according to shell rules. It is recommended to use single quotes for the inner
quoting and double quotes for the outer quoting.
Top-level installation directories:
-prefix <dir> ...... The deployment directory, as seen on the target device.
[/usr/local/Qt-$QT_VERSION; qtbase build directory if
-developer-build]
-extprefix <dir> ... The installation directory, as seen on the host machine.
[SYSROOT/PREFIX]
-hostprefix [dir] .. The installation directory for build tools running on
the host machine. If [dir] is not given, the current
build directory will be used. [EXTPREFIX]
-external-hostbindir <path> ... Path to Qt tools built for this machine.
Use this when -platform does not match the current
system, i.e., to make a Canadian Cross Build.
Fine tuning of installation directory layout. Note that all directories
except -sysconfdir should be located under -prefix/-hostprefix:
-bindir <dir> ......... Executables [PREFIX/bin]
-headerdir <dir> ...... Header files [PREFIX/include]
-libdir <dir> ......... Libraries [PREFIX/lib]
-archdatadir <dir> .... Arch-dependent data [PREFIX]
-plugindir <dir> ...... Plugins [ARCHDATADIR/plugins]
-libexecdir <dir> ..... Helper programs [ARCHDATADIR/bin on Windows,
ARCHDATADIR/libexec otherwise]
-importdir <dir> ...... QML1 imports [ARCHDATADIR/imports]
-qmldir <dir> ......... QML2 imports [ARCHDATADIR/qml]
-datadir <dir> ........ Arch-independent data [PREFIX]
-docdir <dir> ......... Documentation [DATADIR/doc]
-translationdir <dir> . Translations [DATADIR/translations]
-sysconfdir <dir> ..... Settings used by Qt programs [PREFIX/etc/xdg]
-examplesdir <dir> .... Examples [PREFIX/examples]
-testsdir <dir> ....... Tests [PREFIX/tests]
-hostbindir <dir> ..... Host executables [HOSTPREFIX/bin]
-hostlibdir <dir> ..... Host libraries [HOSTPREFIX/lib]
-hostdatadir <dir> .... Data used by qmake [HOSTPREFIX]
Conventions for the remaining options: When an option's description is
followed by a list of values in brackets, the interpretation is as follows:
'yes' represents the bare option; all other values are possible prefixes to
the option, e.g., -no-gui. Alternatively, the value can be assigned, e.g.,
--gui=yes. Values are listed in the order they are tried if not specified;
'auto' is a shorthand for 'yes/no'. Solitary 'yes' and 'no' represent binary
options without auto-detection.
Configure meta:
-help, -h ............ Display this help screen
-verbose, -v ......... Print verbose messages during configuration
-continue ............ Continue configure despite errors
-redo ................ Re-configure with previously used options.
Additional options may be passed, but will not be
saved for later use by -redo.
-recheck [test,...] .. Discard cached negative configure test results.
Use this after installing missing dependencies.
Alternatively, if tests are specified, only their
results are discarded.
-recheck-all ......... Discard all cached configure test results.
-feature-<feature> ... Enable <feature>
-no-feature-<feature> Disable <feature> [none]
-list-features ....... List available features. Note that some features
have dedicated command line options as well.
-list-libraries ...... List possible external dependencies.
Build options:
-opensource .......... Build the Open-Source Edition of Qt
-commercial .......... Build the Commercial Edition of Qt
-confirm-license ..... Automatically acknowledge the license
-release ............. Build Qt with debugging turned off [yes]
-debug ............... Build Qt with debugging turned on [no]
-debug-and-release ... Build two versions of Qt, with and without
debugging turned on [yes] (Apple and Windows only)
-optimize-debug ...... Enable debug-friendly optimizations in debug builds
[auto] (Not supported with MSVC or Clang toolchains)
-optimize-size ....... Optimize release builds for size instead of speed [no]
-optimized-tools ..... Build optimized host tools even in debug build [no]
-force-debug-info .... Create symbol files for release builds [no]
-separate-debug-info . Split off debug information to separate files [no]
-gdb-index ........... Index the debug info to speed up GDB
[no; auto if -developer-build with debug info]
-strip ............... Strip release binaries of unneeded symbols [yes]
-gc-binaries ......... Place each function or data item into its own section
and enable linker garbage collection of unused
sections. [auto for static builds, otherwise no]
-force-asserts ....... Enable Q_ASSERT even in release builds [no]
-developer-build ..... Compile and link Qt for developing Qt itself
(exports for auto-tests, extra checks, etc.) [no]
-shared .............. Build shared Qt libraries [yes] (no for UIKit)
-static .............. Build static Qt libraries [no] (yes for UIKit)
-framework ........... Build Qt framework bundles [yes] (Apple only)
-platform <target> ... Select host mkspec [detected]
-xplatform <target> .. Select target mkspec when cross-compiling [PLATFORM]
-device <name> ....... Cross-compile for device <name>
-device-option <key=value> ... Add option for the device mkspec
-appstore-compliant .. Disable code that is not allowed in platform app stores.
This is on by default for platforms which require distribution
through an app store by default, in particular Android,
iOS, tvOS, watchOS, and Universal Windows Platform. [auto]
-qtnamespace <name> .. Wrap all Qt library code in 'namespace <name> {...}'.
-qtlibinfix <infix> .. Rename all libQt5*.so to libQt5*<infix>.so.
-qtlibinfix-plugins .. Rename Qt plugins according to -qtlibinfix [no]
-testcocoon .......... Instrument with the TestCocoon code coverage tool [no]
-gcov ................ Instrument with the GCov code coverage tool [no]
-trace [backend] ..... Enable instrumentation with tracepoints.
Currently supported backends are 'etw' (Windows) and
'lttng' (Linux), or 'yes' for auto-detection. [no]
-sanitize {address|thread|memory|fuzzer-no-link|undefined}
Instrument with the specified compiler sanitizer.
Note that some sanitizers cannot be combined;
for example, -sanitize address cannot be combined with
-sanitize thread.
-coverage {trace-pc-guard|source-based}
Specify the 'trace-pc-guard' coverage instrumentation for
sanitizers or generate instrumented code to collect execution
counts and enable code coverage analysis, respectively. (Clang only)
-c++std <edition> .... Select C++ standard <edition> [c++2a/c++17/c++14/c++11]
(Not supported with MSVC 2015)
-sse2 ................ Use SSE2 instructions [auto]
-sse3/-ssse3/-sse4.1/-sse4.2/-avx/-avx2/-avx512
Enable use of particular x86 instructions [auto]
Enabled ones are still subject to runtime detection.
-mips_dsp/-mips_dspr2 Use MIPS DSP/rev2 instructions [auto]
-qreal <type> ........ typedef qreal to the specified type. [double]
Note: this affects binary compatibility.
-R <string> .......... Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt
libraries. Supports paths relative to LIBDIR.
-rpath ............... Link Qt libraries and executables using the library
install path as a runtime library path. Similar to
-R LIBDIR. On Apple platforms, disabling this implies
using absolute install names (based in LIBDIR) for
dynamic libraries and frameworks. [auto]
-reduce-exports ...... Reduce amount of exported symbols [auto]
-reduce-relocations .. Reduce amount of relocations [auto] (Unix only)
-plugin-manifests .... Embed manifests into plugins [no] (Windows only)
-static-runtime ...... With -static, use static runtime [no] (Windows only)
-pch ................. Use precompiled headers [auto]
-ltcg ................ Use Link Time Code Generation [no]
-linker [bfd,gold,lld] Force use of the GNU ld, GNU gold or LLVM/LLD linker
instead of default one (GCC only)
-incredibuild-xge .... Use the IncrediBuild XGE [no] (Windows only)
-ccache .............. Use the ccache compiler cache [no] (Unix only)
-make-tool <tool> .... Use <tool> to build qmake [nmake] (Windows only)
-mp .................. Use multiple processors for compilation (MSVC only)
-warnings-are-errors . Treat warnings as errors [no; yes if -developer-build]
-silent .............. Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors
can be seen more easily
Build environment:
-sysroot <dir> ....... Set <dir> as the target sysroot
-gcc-sysroot ......... With -sysroot, pass --sysroot to the compiler [yes]
-pkg-config .......... Use pkg-config [auto] (Unix only)
-D <string> .......... Pass additional preprocessor define
-I <string> .......... Pass additional include path
-L <string> .......... Pass additional library path
-F <string> .......... Pass additional framework path (Apple only)
-sdk <sdk> ........... Build Qt using Apple provided SDK <sdk>. The argument
should be one of the available SDKs as listed by
'xcodebuild -showsdks'.
Note that the argument applies only to Qt libraries
and applications built using the target mkspec - not
host tools such as qmake, moc, rcc, etc.
-android-sdk path .... Set Android SDK root path [$ANDROID_SDK_ROOT]
-android-ndk path .... Set Android NDK root path [$ANDROID_NDK_ROOT]
-android-ndk-platform Set Android platform
-android-ndk-host .... Set Android NDK host (linux-x86, linux-x86_64, etc.)
[$ANDROID_NDK_HOST]
-android-abis ....... Comma separated Android abis, default is:
armeabi-v7a,arm64-v8a,x86,x86_64
-android-javac-target Set the javac build target version [7]
-android-javac-source Set the javac build source version [7]
-android-style-assets Automatically extract style assets from the device at
run time. This option makes the Android style behave
correctly, but also makes the Android platform plugin
incompatible with the LGPL2.1. [yes]
Component selection:
-skip <repo> ......... Exclude an entire repository from the build.
-make <part> ......... Add <part> to the list of parts to be built.
Specifying this option clears the default list first.
[libs and examples, also tools if not cross-building,
also tests if -developer-build]
-nomake <part> ....... Exclude <part> from the list of parts to be built.
-compile-examples .... When unset, install only the sources of examples
[no on WebAssembly, otherwise yes]
-gui ................. Build the Qt GUI module and dependencies [yes]
-widgets ............. Build the Qt Widgets module and dependencies [yes]
-no-dbus ............. Do not build the Qt D-Bus module
[default on Android and Windows]
-dbus-linked ......... Build Qt D-Bus and link to libdbus-1 [auto]
-dbus-runtime ........ Build Qt D-Bus and dynamically load libdbus-1 [no]
-accessibility ....... Enable accessibility support [yes]
Note: Disabling accessibility is not recommended.
Qt comes with bundled copies of some 3rd party libraries. These are used
by default if auto-detection of the respective system library fails.
Core options:
-doubleconversion .... Select used double conversion library [system/qt/no]
No implies use of sscanf_l and snprintf_l (imprecise).
-glib ................ Enable Glib support [no; auto on Unix]
-eventfd ............. Enable eventfd support
-inotify ............. Enable inotify support
-iconv ............... Enable iconv(3) support [posix/sun/gnu/no] (Unix only)
-icu ................. Enable ICU support [auto]
-pcre ................ Select used libpcre2 [system/qt/no]
-pps ................. Enable PPS support [auto] (QNX only)
-zlib ................ Select used zlib [system/qt]
Logging backends:
-journald .......... Enable journald support [no] (Unix only)
-syslog ............ Enable syslog support [no] (Unix only)
-slog2 ............. Enable slog2 support [auto] (QNX only)
Network options:
-ssl ................. Enable either SSL support method [auto]
-no-openssl .......... Do not use OpenSSL [default on Apple and WinRT]
-openssl-linked ...... Use OpenSSL and link to libssl [no]
-openssl-runtime ..... Use OpenSSL and dynamically load libssl [auto]
-schannel ............ Use Secure Channel [no] (Windows only)
-securetransport ..... Use SecureTransport [auto] (Apple only)
-sctp ................ Enable SCTP support [no]
-libproxy ............ Enable use of libproxy [no]
-system-proxies ...... Use system network proxies by default [yes]
Gui, printing, widget options:
-cups ................ Enable CUPS support [auto] (Unix only)
-fontconfig .......... Enable Fontconfig support [auto] (Unix only)
-freetype ............ Select used FreeType [system/qt/no]
-harfbuzz ............ Select used HarfBuzz-NG [system/qt/no]
(Not auto-detected on Apple and Windows)
-gtk ................. Enable GTK platform theme support [auto]
-lgmon ............... Enable lgmon support [auto] (QNX only)
-no-opengl ........... Disable OpenGL support
-opengl <api> ........ Enable OpenGL support. Supported APIs:
es2 (default on Windows), desktop (default on Unix),
dynamic (Windows only)
-opengles3 ........... Enable OpenGL ES 3.x support instead of ES 2.x [auto]
-egl ................. Enable EGL support [auto]
-angle ............... Use bundled ANGLE to support OpenGL ES 2.0 [auto]
(Windows only)
-combined-angle-lib .. Merge LibEGL and LibGLESv2 into LibANGLE (Windows only)
-qpa <name> .......... Select default QPA backend(s) (e.g., xcb, cocoa, windows)
A prioritized list separated by semi-colons.
-xcb-xlib............. Enable Xcb-Xlib support [auto]
Platform backends:
-direct2d .......... Enable Direct2D support [auto] (Windows only)
-directfb .......... Enable DirectFB support [no] (Unix only)
-eglfs ............. Enable EGLFS support [auto; no on Android and Windows]
-gbm ............... Enable backends for GBM [auto] (Linux only)
-kms ............... Enable backends for KMS [auto] (Linux only)
-linuxfb ........... Enable Linux Framebuffer support [auto] (Linux only)
-xcb ............... Enable X11 support [auto] (Linux only)
Input backends:
-libudev............ Enable udev support [auto]
-evdev ............. Enable evdev support [auto]
-imf ............... Enable IMF support [auto] (QNX only)
-libinput .......... Enable libinput support [auto]
-mtdev ............. Enable mtdev support [auto]
-tslib ............. Enable tslib support [auto]
-bundled-xcb-xinput Use bundled XInput2 support [auto]
-xkbcommon ......... Enable key mapping support [auto]
Image formats:
-gif ............... Enable reading support for GIF [auto]
-ico ............... Enable support for ICO [yes]
-libpng ............ Select used libpng [system/qt/no]
-libjpeg ........... Select used libjpeg [system/qt/no]
Database options:
-sql-<driver> ........ Enable SQL <driver> plugin. Supported drivers:
db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite2 sqlite tds
[all auto]
-sqlite .............. Select used sqlite3 [system/qt]
Qt3D options:
-assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no]
-qt3d-profile-jobs ... Enable jobs profiling [no]
-qt3d-profile-gl ..... Enable OpenGL profiling [no]
-qt3d-simd ........... Select level of SIMD support [no/sse2/avx2]
-qt3d-render ......... Enable the Qt3D Render aspect [yes]
-qt3d-input .......... Enable the Qt3D Input aspect [yes]
-qt3d-logic .......... Enable the Qt3D Logic aspect [yes]
-qt3d-extras ......... Enable the Qt3D Extras aspect [yes]
-qt3d-animation....... Enable the Qt3D Animation aspect [yes]
Further image format options:
-jasper .............. Enable JPEG-2000 support using the JasPer library [no]
-mng ................. Enable MNG support [no]
-tiff ................ Enable TIFF support [system/qt/no]
-webp ................ Enable WEBP support [system/qt/no]
Multimedia options:
-pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto] (Unix only)
-alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Unix only)
-no-gstreamer ........ Disable support for GStreamer
-gstreamer [version] . Enable GStreamer support [auto]
With no parameter, 1.0 is tried first, then 0.10.
-evr ................. Enables EVR in DirectShow and WMF [auto]
QtQuick3D options:
-assimp .............. Select used assimp library [system/qt/no]
TextToSpeech options:
-flite ............... Enable Flite support [auto] (Unix only)
-flite-alsa .......... Enable Flite with ALSA support [auto] (Unix only)
-speechd ............. Enable speech dispatcher support [auto] (Unix only)
WebEngine options:
-webengine-alsa ................ Enable ALSA support [auto] (Linux only)
-webengine-pulseaudio .......... Enable PulseAudio support [auto]
(Linux only)
-webengine-embedded-build ...... Enable Linux embedded build [auto]
(Linux only)
-webengine-icu ................. Use system ICU libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-ffmpeg .............. Use system FFmpeg libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-opus ................ Use system Opus libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-webp ................ Use system WebP libraries [system/qt]
(Linux only)
-webengine-pepper-plugins ...... Enable use of Pepper Flash and Widevine
plugins [auto]
-webengine-printing-and-pdf .... Enable use of printing and output to PDF
[auto]
-webengine-proprietary-codecs .. Enable support for proprietary codecs [no]
-webengine-spellchecker ........ Enable support for spellchecker [yes]
-webengine-native-spellchecker . Enable support for native spellchecker [no]
(macOS only)
-webengine-webrtc .............. Enable support for WebRTC [auto]
3-参考
qt官方编译环境需求文档 windows-requirements
qt官方编译文档 [windows-building(https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/windows-building.html)
芯片烤电池的草稿箱 编译 Qt 5.15.x For Windows 基础教程 Visual Studio 2019 MSVC142 x64
Microsoft文档 通过命令行使用 Microsoft C++ 工具集
