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SpringBoot实现大文件上传/下载(分片、断点续传)

1. SpringBoot实现大文件上传/下载(分片、断点续传)

1. 分片:按照自定义缓冲区大小,将大文件分成多个小文件片段。

2. 断点续传:根据分片数量,给每个小文件通过循环起对应名称,当文件下载中断在续传时,判断小文件名称若存在则不存了,此时还需要判断文件若不是最后一个分片则大小为缓冲区固定大小,若没达到则证明小文件没传完需要重新传输。

3. 合并:下载时通过线程池创建任务进行下载或上传、当判断最后一个分片传完时,调用合并方法,根据之前定义的文件名称顺序进行合并,肯能出现最后一个分片传完,之前分片未传完的情况,需要使用while循环进行判断,多文件未传输完,则等待一会继续判断。

4. 大文件秒传:实际上是根据文件名称区一个唯一的md5值存储,传文件时进行判断,若存在则不传。

2. 创建Springboot项目

2.1 选择Spring Initializr(springboot项目)

 

2.2 配置属性,完成点击next

 

2.3 选择依赖,也可以不选择,稍后在pom文件里添加

 

2.4 项目启动类

 

2.5 前端页面展示

 

3. 添加项目配置

3.1 Pom文件添加依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 做断点下载使用 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        <version>3.12.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

3.2 修改application.yml配置

# 配置服务端口
server:
  port: 8018

spring:
  servlet:
    multipart:
      # Spring Boot中有默认的文件上传组件,在使用ServletFileUpload时需要关闭Spring Boot的默认配置
      enabled: false
      # 设置单个文件大小
      max-file-size: 1GB
      # 设置单次请求文件的总大小
      max-request-size: 10GB

注意:yml文件要配置 max-file-size 和 max-request-size 配置文件大小,否则文件过大会报错


org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.impl.FileSizeLimitExceededException: The field file exceeds its maximum permitted size of 1048576 bytes.
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.impl.FileItemStreamImpl$1.raiseError(FileItemStreamImpl.java:117) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.60.jar:9.0.60]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.LimitedInputStream.checkLimit(LimitedInputStream.java:76) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.60.jar:9.0.60]
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.util.LimitedInputStream.read(LimitedInputStream.java:135) ~[tomcat-embed-core-9.0.60.jar:9.0.60]

3.3 前端页面:file.html

webUpload组件支持分片上传:利用多进程并发上传,将大文件拆分成一个一个的小文件,每一个小文件属于大文件的一个分片

html文件分片上传需要引入4个文件(代码太长,需要的自取:SpringBoot-File)

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>大文件上传下载</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="webuploader.css">
    <script src="jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="webuploader.js"></script>
    <style>
        #upload-container {
            width: 100px;
            height: 50px;
            background: #94d3e7;
            padding-bottom: 10px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<div id="upload-container"><span>文件拖拽上传</span></div>

<button id="picker" style="margin-top: 20px">分片上传</button>

<div id="upload-list"></div>

<hr/>
<a href="/file/download" >普通下载</a>
<hr/>
<a href="/file/downloads" target="_blank">分片下载</a>

</body>
<script>
    $('#upload-container').click(function (event) {
        $("#picker").find('input').click();
    });
    // 初始化上传组件
    const uploader = WebUploader.create({
        auto: true,
        swf: 'Uploader.swf', // swf文件路径
        server: '/file/upload', // 上传接口
        dnd: '#upload-container',
        pick: '#picker',  // 内部根据当前运行创建
        multiple: true,     // 选择多个
        chunked: true,      // 开启分片
        threads: 8,        // 并发数,默认 3
        chunkRetry: 8,         // 如果遇到网络错误,重新上传次数
        method: 'POST',
        fileSizeLimit: 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 10, // 文件总大小为10G
        fileSingleSizeLimit: 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1,  // 单个文件大小最大为1G
        fileVal: 'upload'
    });
    // 入队之前触发事件
    uploader.on("beforeFileQueued", function (file) {
        // 获取文件后缀
        console.log(file.name);
    });
    // 当有文件被添加进队列的时候
    uploader.on('fileQueued', function (file) {
        $('#upload-list').append( '<div id="' + file.id + '" class="item">' +
            '<h4 class="info">' + file.name + '</h4>' +
            '<p class="state">等待上传...</p>' +
            '</div>' );
    });
    // 文件上传过程中创建进度条实时显示。
    uploader.on('uploadProgress', function (file, percentage) {
        var $li = $('#' + file.id),
            $percent = $li.find('.progress .progress-bar');
        // 避免重复创建
        if (!$percent.length) {
            $percent = $('<div class="progress progress-striped active">' +
                '<div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar" style="width: 0%">' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>').appendTo($li).find('.progress-bar');
        }
        $li.find('p.state').text('上传中');
        $percent.css('width', percentage * 100 + '%');
    });
    uploader.on( 'uploadSuccess', function( file ) {
        $( '#'+file.id ).find('p.state').text('已上传');
    });

    uploader.on( 'uploadError', function( file ) {
        $( '#'+file.id ).find('p.state').text('上传出错');
    });

    uploader.on( 'uploadComplete', function( file ) {
        $( '#'+file.id ).find('.progress').fadeOut();
    });

</script>
</html>

3.4 编写文件测试接口FileController

package com.liyh.controller;

import com.liyh.service.FileService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 文件上传测试接口
 *
 * @author liyh
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {

    @Autowired
    private FileService fileService;

    /**
     * 单个文件上传,支持断点续传
     */
    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public void upload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        try {
            fileService.upload(request, response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 普通文件下载
     */
    @GetMapping("/download")
    public void download(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        fileService.download(request, response);
    }

    /**
     * 分片文件下载
     */
    @GetMapping("/downloads")
    public String downloads() throws IOException {
        fileService.downloads();
        return "下载成功";
    }

}

3.5 添加需要的对象

FileInfo
UploadFileInfo
DownloadFileInfo

3.6 详细业务逻辑处理FileService

package com.liyh.service;

import com.liyh.entity.DownloadFileInfo;
import com.liyh.entity.FileInfo;
import com.liyh.entity.UploadFileInfo;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

@Service
public class FileService {

    /**
     * 编码
     */
    private static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";

    /**
     * 文件上传路径(当前项目路径下,也可配置固定路径)
     */
    private String uploadPath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/springboot-file/upload/";

    /**
     * 下载指定文件
     */
    private String downloadFile = "D:\\Download\\git.exe";

    /**
     * 文件下载地址(当前项目路径下,也可配置固定路径)
     */
    private String downloadPath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/springboot-file/download/";

    /**
     * 分片下载每一片大小为50M
     */
    private static final Long PER_SLICE = 1024 * 1024 * 50L;

    /**
     * 定义分片下载线程池
     */
    private ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());

    /**
     * final string
     */
    private static final String RANGE = "Range";

    /**
     * 上传文件
     */
    public void upload(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        // 获取ServletFileUpload
        ServletFileUpload servletFileUpload = getServletFileUpload();
        List<FileItem> items = servletFileUpload.parseRequest(request);
        // 获取文件信息
        UploadFileInfo uploadFileInfo = getFileInfo(items);
        // 写入临时文件
        writeTempFile(items, uploadFileInfo);
        // 判断是否合并
        mergeFile(uploadFileInfo);
        // 返回结果
        response.setCharacterEncoding(UTF_8);
        response.getWriter().write("上传成功");
    }

    /**
     * 获取ServletFileUpload
     */
    private ServletFileUpload getServletFileUpload() {
        // 设置缓冲区大小,先读到内存里在从内存写
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        factory.setSizeThreshold(1024);
        File file = new File(uploadPath);
        // 如果文件夹不存在则创建
        if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        factory.setRepository(file);
        // 解析
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        // 设置单个大小与最大大小
        upload.setFileSizeMax(1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024L);
        upload.setSizeMax(10 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024L);
        return upload;
    }

    /**
     * 获取文件信息
     *
     * @param items
     * @return
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
     */
    private UploadFileInfo getFileInfo(List<FileItem> items) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        UploadFileInfo uploadFileInfo = new UploadFileInfo();
        for (FileItem item : items) {
            if (item.isFormField()) {
                // 获取分片数据
                if ("chunk".equals(item.getFieldName())) {
                    uploadFileInfo.setCurrentChunk(Integer.parseInt(item.getString(UTF_8)));
                }
                if ("chunks".equals(item.getFieldName())) {
                    uploadFileInfo.setChunks(Integer.parseInt(item.getString(UTF_8)));
                }
                if ("name".equals(item.getFieldName())) {
                    uploadFileInfo.setFileName(item.getString(UTF_8));
                }
            }
        }
        return uploadFileInfo;
    }

    /**
     * 写入临时文件
     *
     * @param items
     * @param uploadFileInfo
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private void writeTempFile(List<FileItem> items, UploadFileInfo uploadFileInfo) throws Exception {
        // 获取文件基本信息后
        for (FileItem item : items) {
            if (!item.isFormField()) {
                // 有分片需要临时目录
                String tempFileName = uploadFileInfo.getFileName();
                if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(tempFileName)) {
                    if (uploadFileInfo.getCurrentChunk() != null) {
                        tempFileName = uploadFileInfo.getCurrentChunk() + "_" + uploadFileInfo.getFileName();
                    }
                    // 判断文件是否存在
                    File tempFile = new File(uploadPath, tempFileName);
                    // 断点续传,判断文件是否存在,若存在则不传
                    if (!tempFile.exists()) {
                        item.write(tempFile);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断是否合并
     *
     * @param uploadFileInfo
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    private void mergeFile(UploadFileInfo uploadFileInfo) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        Integer currentChunk = uploadFileInfo.getCurrentChunk();
        Integer chunks = uploadFileInfo.getChunks();
        String fileName = uploadFileInfo.getFileName();
        // 如果当前分片等于总分片那么合并文件
        if (currentChunk != null && chunks != null && currentChunk.equals(chunks - 1)) {
            File tempFile = new File(uploadPath, fileName);
            try (BufferedOutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tempFile))) {
                // 根据之前命名规则找到所有分片
                for (int i = 0; i < chunks; i++) {
                    File file = new File(uploadPath, i + "_" + fileName);
                    // 并发情况,需要判断所有,因为可能最后一个分片传完,之前有的还没传完
                    while (!file.exists()) {
                        // 不存在休眠100毫秒后在重新判断
                        Thread.sleep(100);
                    }
                    // 分片存在,读入数组中
                    byte[] bytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
                    os.write(bytes);
                    os.flush();
                    file.delete();
                }
                os.flush();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 文件下载
     *
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void download(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        // 获取文件
        File file = new File(downloadFile);
        // 获取下载文件信息
        DownloadFileInfo downloadFileInfo = getDownloadFileInfo(file.length(), request, response);
        // 设置响应头
        setResponse(response, file.getName(), downloadFileInfo);
        // 下载文件
        try (InputStream is = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
             OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream())) {
            // 跳过已经读取文件
            is.skip(downloadFileInfo.getPos());
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            long sum = 0;
            // 读取
            while (sum < downloadFileInfo.getRangeLength()) {
                int length = is.read(buffer, 0, (downloadFileInfo.getRangeLength() - sum) <= buffer.length ? (int) (downloadFileInfo.getRangeLength() - sum) : buffer.length);
                sum = sum + length;
                os.write(buffer, 0, length);
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * 有两个map,我要去判断里面相同键的值一致不一致,除了双重for循环,有没有别的好办法
     */
    private DownloadFileInfo getDownloadFileInfo(long fSize, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        long pos = 0;
        long last = fSize - 1;
        // 判断前端是否需要分片下载
        if (request.getHeader(RANGE) != null) {
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT);
            String numRange = request.getHeader(RANGE).replace("bytes=", "");
            String[] strRange = numRange.split("-");
            if (strRange.length == 2) {
                pos = Long.parseLong(strRange[0].trim());
                last = Long.parseLong(strRange[1].trim());
                // 若结束字节超出文件大小,取文件大小
                if (last > fSize - 1) {
                    last = fSize - 1;
                }
            } else {
                // 若只给一个长度,开始位置一直到结束
                pos = Long.parseLong(numRange.replace("-", "").trim());
            }
        }
        long rangeLength = last - pos + 1;
        String contentRange = "bytes " + pos + "-" + last + "/" + fSize;
        return new DownloadFileInfo(fSize, pos, last, rangeLength, contentRange);
    }

    /**
     * 分片下载
     *
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void downloads() throws IOException {
        File file = new File(downloadPath);
        // 如果文件夹不存在则创建
        if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        // 探测下载,获取文件相关信息
        FileInfo fileInfoDto = sliceDownload(1, 10, -1, null);
        // 如果不为空,执行分片下载
        if (fileInfoDto != null) {
            // 计算有多少分片
            long pages = fileInfoDto.getFileSize() / PER_SLICE;
            // 适配最后一个分片
            for (long i = 0; i <= pages; i++) {
                long start = i * PER_SLICE;
                long end = (i + 1) * PER_SLICE - 1;
                executorService.execute(new SliceDownloadRunnable(start, end, i, fileInfoDto.getFileName()));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分片下载
     *
     * @param start 分片起始位置
     * @param end   分片结束位置
     * @param page  第几个分片, page=-1时是探测下载
     */
    private FileInfo sliceDownload(long start, long end, long page, String fName) throws IOException {
        // 断点下载
        File file = new File(downloadPath, page + "-" + fName);
        // 如果当前文件已经存在,并且不是探测任务,并且文件的长度等于分片的大小,那么不用下载当前文件
        if (file.exists() && page != -1 && file.length() == PER_SLICE) {
            return null;
        }
        // 创建HttpClient
        HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8018/file/download");
        httpGet.setHeader(RANGE, "bytes=" + start + "-" + end);
        HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpGet);
        String fSize = httpResponse.getFirstHeader("fSize").getValue();
        fName = URLDecoder.decode(httpResponse.getFirstHeader("fName").getValue(), UTF_8);
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        // 下载
        try (InputStream is = entity.getContent();
             FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int ch;
            while ((ch = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer, 0, ch);
            }
            fos.flush();
        }
        // 判断是否是最后一个分片,如果是那么合并
        if (end - Long.parseLong(fSize) > 0) {
            mergeFile(fName, page);
        }
        return new FileInfo(Long.parseLong(fSize), fName);
    }

    private void mergeFile(String fName, long page) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(downloadPath, fName);

        try (BufferedOutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file))) {
            for (int i = 0; i <= page; i++) {
                File tempFile = new File(downloadPath, i + "-" + fName);
                // 文件不存在或文件没写完
                while (!tempFile.exists() || (i != page && tempFile.length() < PER_SLICE)) {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                }
                byte[] bytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(tempFile);
                os.write(bytes);
                os.flush();
                tempFile.delete();
            }
            // 删除文件
            File f = new File(downloadPath, "-1" + "-null");
            if (f.exists()) {
                f.delete();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private class SliceDownloadRunnable implements Runnable {
        private final long start;
        private final long end;
        private final long page;
        private final String fName;

        private SliceDownloadRunnable(long start, long end, long page, String fName) {
            this.start = start;
            this.end = end;
            this.page = page;
            this.fName = fName;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                sliceDownload(start, end, page, fName);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设置响应头
     */
    private void setResponse(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, DownloadFileInfo downloadFileInfo) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding(UTF_8);
        response.setContentType("application/x-download");
        response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName, UTF_8));
        // 支持分片下载
        response.setHeader("Accept-Range", "bytes");
        response.setHeader("fSize", String.valueOf(downloadFileInfo.getFSize()));
        response.setHeader("fName", URLEncoder.encode(fileName, UTF_8));
        // range响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Range", downloadFileInfo.getContentRange());
        response.setHeader("Content-Length", String.valueOf(downloadFileInfo.getRangeLength()));
    }

}

4. 启动项目并测试

4.1 浏览器访问前端页面

http://localhost:8018/file.html

 

4.2 测试文件分片上传(拖拽或点击上传都可以),上传成功到配置的上传目录查看文件

 

4.3 测试文件普通下载

 

4.4 测试文件分片下载(分片下载会先生成多个文件,下载完成会合并)

 

5. 完整项目地址(SpringBoot-File) 

5.1 项目结构

 

参考文章:http://blog.ncmem.com/wordpress/2023/11/04/springboot%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%a4%a7%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%8a%e4%bc%a0-%e4%b8%8b%e8%bd%bd%e5%88%86%e7%89%87%e3%80%81%e6%96%ad%e7%82%b9%e7%bb%ad%e4%bc%a0/

欢迎入群一起讨论

 

 

posted on 2023-11-04 11:56  Xproer-松鼠  阅读(1502)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报