RabbitMQ

一、RabbitMQ基础--命令

新建用户:

rabbitmqctl add_user name passwd

删除用户:

rabbitmqctl delete_user name

改密码:

rabbitmqctl change_password name newpasswd

设置用户角色:

rabbitmqctl set_user_tags name tag
#tag:administrator,monitoring,management.

权限设置:

set_permissions [-p vhost] {user} {conf} {write} {read}

  vhost:路径

  user:用户名

  conf:与用户被授予配置权限的资源名称匹配的正则表达式。

  write:与用户被授予写权限的资源名称匹配的正则表达式。

  read:与用户被授予读取权限的资源名称匹配的正则表达式。

队列信息:

rabbitmqctl list_queues[-p vhostpath] [queueinfoitem ...]

#Queueinfoitem:name,durable,auto_delete,arguments,
#messages_ready,messages_unacknowledged,messages,consumers,memory.

  

Exchange信息:

rabbitmqctllist_exchanges[-p vhostpath] [exchangeinfoitem ...]

#Exchangeinfoitem:name,type,durable,auto_delete,internal,arguments.

Binding信息:

rabbitmqctllist_bindings[-p vhostpath] [bindinginfoitem ...]

#Bindinginfoitem有:source_name,source_kind,destination_name,
#destination_kind,routing_key,arguments.

Connection信息:

rabbitmqctllist_connections [connectioninfoitem ...]

#Connectioninfoitem有:recv_oct,recv_cnt,send_oct,send_cnt,send_pend等.

Channel信息:

rabbitmqctl  list_channels[channelinfoitem ...]

#Channelinfoitem有:consumer_count,messages_unacknowledged,messages_uncommitted,
#acks_uncommitted,messages_unconfirmed,prefetch_count,client_flow_blocked.

  

二、基本操作

 

消息生产者代码  producer

import pika
# 建立一个实例
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost',5672)  # 默认端口5672,可不写
    )
# 声明一个管道,在管道里发消息
channel = connection.channel()
# 在管道里声明Queue的名字,相当于拉一根专线
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
# RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',  # queue名字
                      body='Hello World!')  # 消息内容
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()  # 队列关闭

  

消费者代码  consumer

import pika
import time

# 建立实例
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
               'localhost'))
# 声明管道
channel = connection.channel()

# 为什么又声明了一个‘hello’队列?
# 如果确定已经声明了,可以不声明。但是你不知道那个机器先运行,所以要声明两次。
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  # 四个参数为标准格式
    print(ch, method, properties)  # 打印看一下是什么
    # 管道内存对象  内容相关信息  后面讲
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    time.sleep(15)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)  # 告诉生成者,消息处理完成

channel.basic_consume(  # 消费消息
        callback,  # 如果收到消息,就调用callback函数来处理消息
        queue='hello',  # 你要从那个队列里收消息
        # no_ack=True  # 写的话,如果接收消息,机器宕机消息就丢了
        # 一般不写。宕机则生产者检测到发给其他消费者
        )

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()  # 开始消费消息

 

三、RabbitMQ 消息分发轮询

  • 上面的只是一个生产者、一个消费者,能不能一个生产者多个消费者呢? 
    可以上面的例子,多启动几个消费者consumer,看一下消息的接收情况。 
    采用轮询机制;把消息依次分发
  • 假如消费者处理消息需要15秒,如果当机了,那这个消息处理明显还没处理完,怎么处理? 
    (可以模拟消费端断了,分别注释和不注释 no_ack=True 看一下) 
    你没给我回复确认,就代表消息没处理完。
  • 上面的效果消费端断了就转到另外一个消费端去了,但是生产者怎么知道消费端断了呢? 因为生产者和消费者是通过socket连接的,socket断了,就说明消费端断开了。
  • 上面的模式只是依次分发,实际情况是机器配置不一样。怎么设置类似权重的操作? RabbitMQ怎么办呢,RabbitMQ做了简单的处理就能实现公平的分发。 就是RabbitMQ给消费者发消息的时候检测下消费者里的消息数量,如果超过指定值(比如1条),就不给你发了。 只需要在消费者端,channel.basic_consume前加上就可以了。

消费者消息(只需加上权重

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)  # 类似权重,按能力分发,如果有一个消息,就不在给你发
channel.basic_consume(callback,      #消费消息
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)

  

 

四、RabbitMQ 消息持久化(durable、properties)

1、消息持久化

  • 如果队列里还有消息,RabbitMQ 服务端宕机了呢?消息还在不在? 
    把RabbitMQ服务重启,看一下消息在不在。 
    上面的情况下,宕机了,消息就久了,下面看看如何把消息持久化。 
    每次声明队列的时候,都加上durable,注意每个队列都得写,客户端、服务端声明的时候都得写。
# 在管道里声明queue
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello2', durable=True)

 

测试结果发现,只是把队列持久化了,但是队列里的消息没了。

durable的作用只是把队列持久化。离消息持久话还差一步: 

发送端发送消息时,加上properties

properties=pika.BasicProperties(
    delivery_mode=2,  # 消息持久化
    )

 

发送端 producer

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
               'localhost',5672))  # 默认端口5672,可不写
channel = connection.channel()
#声明queue
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello2', durable=True)  # 若声明过,则换一个名字
#n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello2',
                      body='Hello World!',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2,  # make message persistent
                          )
                      )

print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

 

接收端 consumer

import pika
import time

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
               'localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello2', durable=True)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    time.sleep(10)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)  # 告诉生产者,消息处理完成

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)  # 类似权重,按能力分发,如果有一个消息,就不在给你发
channel.basic_consume(  # 消费消息
                      callback,  # 如果收到消息,就调用callback
                      queue='hello2',
                      # no_ack=True  # 一般不写,处理完接收处理结果。宕机则发给其他消费者
                      )

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

  

五、RabbirMQ 广播模式(exchange)

前面的效果都是一对一发,如果做一个广播效果可不可以,这时候就要用到exchange了exchange必须精确的知道收到的消息要发给谁。exchange的类型决定了怎么处理,类型有以下几种:

  • fanout: 所有绑定到此exchange的queue都可以接收消息
  • direct: 通过routingKey和exchange决定的那个唯一的queue可以接收消息
  • topic: 所有符合routingKey(此时可以是一个表达式)的routingKey所bind的queue可以接收消息

1、fanout 纯广播、all

需要queue和exchange绑定,因为消费者不是和exchange直连的,消费者是连在queue上,queue绑定在exchange上,消费者只会在queu里度消息

          |------------------------|
          |            /—— queue <—|—> consumer1
producer —|—exchange1 <bind        |                 
       \  |            \—— queue <—|—> consumer2
        \-|-exchange2    ……        |
          |------------------------|

  

发送端 publisher 发布、广播

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
# 注意:这里是广播,不需要声明queue
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',  # 声明广播管道
                         type='fanout')

# message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
message = "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                      routing_key='',  # 注意此处空,必须有
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

  

接收端 subscriber 订阅

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')
# 不指定queue名字,rabbit会随机分配一个名字,exclusive=True会在使用此queue的消费者断开后,自动将queue删除
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
# 获取随机的queue名字
queue_name = result.method.queue
print("random queuename:", queue_name)

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',  # queue绑定到转发器上
                   queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

  注意:广播,是实时的,收不到就没了,消息不会存下来,类似收音机。

 

2、direct 有选择的接收消息

接收者可以过滤消息,只收我想要的消息 

发送端publisher

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')
# 重要程度级别,这里默认定义为 info
severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key=severity,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()

  

接收端subscriber

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
# 获取运行脚本所有的参数
severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)
# 循环列表去绑定
for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

  

运行接收端,指定接收级别的参数,例:

python direct_sonsumer.py info warning 
python direct_sonsumer.py warning error

  

3、topic 更细致的过滤

比如把error中,apache和mysql的分别或取出来

发送端publisher

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                      routing_key=routing_key,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()

  

接收端 subscriber

import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

  

运行接收端,指定接收哪些消息,例:

python topic_sonsumer.py *.info
python topic_sonsumer.py *.error mysql.*
python topic_sonsumer.py '#'  # 接收所有消息

# 接收所有的 logs run:
# python receive_logs_topic.py "#"

# To receive all logs from the facility "kern":
# python receive_logs_topic.py "kern.*"

# Or if you want to hear only about "critical" logs:
# python receive_logs_topic.py "*.critical"

# You can create multiple bindings:
# python receive_logs_topic.py "kern.*" "*.critical"

# And to emit a log with a routing key "kern.critical" type:
# python emit_log_topic.py "kern.critical" "A critical kernel error"

  

4、RabbitMQ RPC 实现(Remote procedure call)

 不知道你有没有发现,上面的流都是单向的,如果远程的机器执行完返回结果,就实现不了了。

如果返回,这种模式叫什么呢,RPC(远程过程调用),snmp就是典型的RPC

RabbitMQ能不能返回呢,怎么返回呢?既是发送端又是接收端

但是接收端返回消息怎么返回?可以发送到发过来的queue里么?不可以。

返回时,再建立一个queue,把结果发送新的queue里

为了服务端返回的queue不写死,在客户端给服务端发指令的的时候,同时带一条消息说,你结果返回给哪个queue

 

RPC client

import pika
import uuid
import time

class FibonacciRpcClient(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        self.channel = self.connection.channel()
        result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        self.callback_queue = result.method.queue

        self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response,  # 只要一收到消息就调用on_response
                                   no_ack=True,
                                   queue=self.callback_queue)  # 收这个queue的消息

    def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):  # 必须四个参数
        # 如果收到的ID和本机生成的相同,则返回的结果就是我想要的指令返回的结果
        if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:
            self.response = body

    def call(self, n):
        self.response = None  # 初始self.response为None
        self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())  # 随机唯一字符串
        self.channel.basic_publish(
                exchange='',
                routing_key='rpc_queue',  # 发消息到rpc_queue
                properties=pika.BasicProperties(  # 消息持久化
                    reply_to = self.callback_queue,  # 让服务端命令结果返回到callback_queue
                    correlation_id = self.corr_id,  # 把随机uuid同时发给服务器
                ),
                body=str(n)
        )
        while self.response is None:  # 当没有数据,就一直循环
            # 启动后,on_response函数接到消息,self.response 值就不为空了
            self.connection.process_data_events()  # 非阻塞版的start_consuming()
            # print("no msg……")
            # time.sleep(0.5)
        # 收到消息就调用on_response
        return int(self.response)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()
    print(" [x] Requesting fib(7)")
    response = fibonacci_rpc.call(7)
    print(" [.] Got %r" % response)

  

RPC server

import pika
import time

def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    elif n == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
    n = int(body)
    print(" [.] fib(%s)" % n)
    response = fib(n)

    ch.basic_publish(
            exchange='',  # 把执行结果发回给客户端
            routing_key=props.reply_to,  # 客户端要求返回想用的queue
            # 返回客户端发过来的correction_id 为了让客户端验证消息一致性
            properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id = props.correlation_id),
            body=str(response)
    )
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)  # 任务完成,告诉客户端

if __name__ == '__main__':
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
            host='localhost'))
    channel = connection.channel()
    channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')  # 声明一个rpc_queue ,

    channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
    # 在rpc_queue里收消息,收到消息就调用on_request
    channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue='rpc_queue')
    print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")
    channel.start_consuming()

  

 

posted @ 2018-04-10 09:53  枯藤老艹树  阅读(346)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报