阿里云线上搭建FTP服务器(CentOS7.6)
安装vsftpd
- 登录服务器
- 执行以下命令安装vsftpd
yum install -y vsftpd
回显如下类似信息时，表示软件安装成功：
3. 设置FTP服务开机自启动
systemctl enable vsftpd.service
- 启动/停止FTP服务
systemctl start vsftpd.service
systemctl stop vsftpd.service
或者
service vsftpd start/stop/restart
- 查看FTP服务端口
netstat -antup | grep ftp
回显如下类似信息：
配置vsftpd
vsftpd安装后默认开启了匿名FTP的功能，使用匿名FTP，用户无需输入用户名密码即可登录FTP 服务器，但没有权限修改或上传文件。用户如果试图使用Linux操作系统中的账号登录服务器，将会被vsftpd拒绝，但可以在vsftpd里配置用户账号和密码登录。以下操作以在vsftpd 里配置用户账号和密码登录FTP服务器为例
- 创建“ftpadmin”用户
此处“ftpadmin”用户为示例，可根据实际情况创建相应的用户
useradd ftpadmin
- 执行以下命令并按照提示设置“ftpadmin”用户密码
passwd ftpadmin
- 执行以下命令创建供FTP使用的文件目录，此处以“/var/ftp/diyuan”为例。
mkdir /var/ftp/soldier
- 执行以下命令将创建的文件目录所有者改为用于登录FTP的本地用户。
chown -R ftpadmin:ftpadmin /var/ftp/soldier
- 修改“vsftpd.conf”配置文件
vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
可根据实际需求选择将FTP配置为主动模式或者被动模式。如果华为云上的服务器需要通过公网IP地址访问华为云上的实例搭建的FTP服务器时，需要将FTP服务器配置为被动模式。
- 主动模式需要配置的参数如下：
#设置以下参数，不允许匿名登录FTP服务器，允许本地用户登录FTP服务器，并指定FTP本地用户使用的文件目录。
anonymous_enable=NO #不允许匿名登录FTP服务器
local_enable=YES #允许本地用户登录FTP服务器
local_root=/var/ftp/diyuan #新增这一行：FTP本地用户使用的文件目录
#设置以下参数，限制用户只能访问自身的主目录。
chroot_local_user=YES #所有用户都被限制在其主目录
chroot_list_enable=YES #启用例外用户名单
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list #例外用户名单
allow_writeable_chroot=YES #新增这一行
- 被动模式除了需要配置主动模式所需的所有参数外，还需要配置的参数如下：
#设置以下参数，配置FTP支持被动模式。并指定FTP服务器的公网IP地址，以及可供访问的端口范围，端口范围请根据实际环境进行设置。
listen=YES
listen_ipv6=NO
pasv_address=xx.xx.xx.xx #新增这一行：FTP服务器的公网IP地址
pasv_min_port=3000 #新增这一行：被动模式下的最小端口
pasv_max_port=3100 #新增这一行：被动模式下的最大端口
- 在“/etc/vsftpd/”目录下创建“chroot_list”文件
cd /etc/vsftpd
touch chroot_list
设置完毕后，重启服务
service vsftpd restart
设置安全组
根据FTP的不同模式需要放通的端口如下：- FTP为主动模式时：端口21。
- FTP为被动模式时：端口21，以及配置文件“/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf”中参数“pasv_min_port”和“pasv_max_port”之间的所有端口
客户端测试
打开客户端的计算机，在路径栏输入“ftp://FTP服务器IP地址:FTP端口”(如果不填端口则默认访问21端口) 。弹出输入用户名和密码的对话框表示配置成功，正确的输入用户名和密码后，即可对FTP文件进行相应权限的操作。
完整的/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
local_root=/var/ftp/diyuan
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=NO
pasv_address=114.116.233.115
pasv_min_port=3000
pasv_max_port=3100
pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
