手机端API接口验证及参数签名验证

问题背景:

后端服务对手机APP端开放API,没有基本的校验就是裸奔,别人抓取接口后容易恶意请求,不要求严格的做的安全,但是简单的基础安全屏障是要建立的,再配合HTTPS使用,这样使后端服务尽可能的安全。

对接口安全问题,采用JWT对接口进行token验证,判断请求的有效性,目前对JWT解释的博客文章很多,对JWT不了解的可以查找相关资料,JWT官网

JWT是JSON Web Token的简写,一些是JWT官网的解释:


 

什么是JWT?

JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. This information can be verified and trusted because it is digitally signed. JWTs can be signed using a secret (with the HMAC algorithm) or a public/private key pair using RSA or ECDSA.

看不懂的可以用Google翻译:

JSON Web Token(JWT)是一个开放标准(RFC 7519),它定义了一种紧凑且独立的方式,可以在各方之间作为JSON对象安全地传输信息。 此信息可以通过数字签名进行验证和信任。 JWT可以使用密钥(使用HMAC算法)或使用RSA或ECDSA的公钥/私钥进行签名。

JWT的结构是怎样的?

JWT主要由三部分构成,

  • Header  头部,说明使用JWT的类型,和使用的算法
  • Payload  中间体,定义的一些有效数据,比如签发者,签发时间,过期时间等等,具体可查看RFC7519,除了一些公共的属性外,可以定义一些私有属性,用于自己的业务逻辑。
  • Signature  签名,创建签名,base64UrlEncode对header和Payload进行处理后,再根据密钥和头部中定义的算法进行签名。如下格式:
HMACSHA256(
  base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +
  base64UrlEncode(payload),
  secret)
//生成的Token如下样式
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJFU0JQIiwibmFtZSI6IuWImOWFhuS8nyIsImV4cCI6MTUzMTQ0OTExNSwiaWF0IjoxNTMxNDQ5MDg1LCJqdGkiOjEsImFjY291bnQiOiIxNTAwMTEwMTUzNiJ9.4IEi95xcOQ4SfXvjz34bBC8ECej56jiMuq7Df4Vd9YQ

 


 

具体实现:

1. maven构建,可以查看Github

        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>

2. 创建Token

 1 import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
 2 import com.woasis.wos.api.UserClaim;
 3 import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
 4 import io.jsonwebtoken.JwtBuilder;
 5 import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
 6 import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
 7 
 8 import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
 9 import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
10 import java.security.Key;
11 
12 public class JwtHandler {
13 
14     //签发者
15     private static final String ISSUER = "iss";
16     //签发时间
17     private static final String ISSUED_AT = "iat";
18     //过期时间
19     private static final String EXPIRATION_TIME = "exp";
20     private static final Long EXPIRATION_TIME_VALUE = 1000*30L;
21     //JWT ID
22     private static final String JWT_ID = "jti";
23     //密钥
24     private static final String SECRET = "AAAABBBCCC";
25 
26     /**
27      * 构造Token
28      * @param userId 用户ID
29      * @param userName  用户名称
30      * @param phone  手机号
31      * @return
32      */
33     public static String createToken(Integer userId, String userName, String phone) {
34 
35         //采用HS256签名算法对token进行签名
36         SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256;
37 
38         //当前系统时间
39         long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
40 
41         //采用密钥对JWT加密签名
42         byte[] apiKeySecretBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(SECRET);
43         Key signingKey = new SecretKeySpec(apiKeySecretBytes, signatureAlgorithm.getJcaName());
44 
45         //构造payload
46         JSONObject payload = new JSONObject();
47         payload.put(ISSUER, "ESBP");
48         payload.put(ISSUED_AT, nowMillis/1000);
49         payload.put(JWT_ID, userId);
50         payload.put("account", phone);
51         payload.put("name",userName);
52         //设置过期时间
53         long expMillis = nowMillis + EXPIRATION_TIME_VALUE;
54         payload.put(EXPIRATION_TIME, expMillis/1000);
55 
56         //设置JWT参数
57         JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder()
58                 .setPayload(payload.toJSONString())
59                 .signWith(signatureAlgorithm, signingKey);
60         //构造token字符串
61         return builder.compact();
62     }
63 }

3. 解析JWT

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtHandler.class);

    /**
     * JWT解析
     * @param jwt
     * @return
     */
    public static UserClaim parseJWT(String jwt) {
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(SECRET))
                .setAllowedClockSkewSeconds(100) //设置允许过期时间,在构造token的时候有设置过期时间,此处是指到了过期时间之后还允许多少秒有效,且此token可以解析
                .parseClaimsJws(jwt).getBody();

        UserClaim userClaim = new UserClaim();
        userClaim.setAccount((String) claims.get("account"));
        userClaim.setName((String) claims.get("name"));
        userClaim.setJti(claims.getId());
        userClaim.setIss(claims.getIssuer());
        userClaim.setIat(claims.getIssuedAt());
        userClaim.setExp(claims.getExpiration());
        logger.debug("parseJWT UserClaim:"+JSONObject.toJSONString(userClaim));
        return userClaim;
    }

特别说明:

在jjwt源码文件JwtMap.java中有这么个方法toDate(),在解析数据的时候这个地方按秒对时间处理的,所以在设置签发时间或过期时间的时候要设置秒。

 protected static Date toDate(Object v, String name) {
        if (v == null) {
            return null;
        } else if (v instanceof Date) {
            return (Date) v;
        } else if (v instanceof Number) {
            // https://github.com/jwtk/jjwt/issues/122:
            // The JWT RFC *mandates* NumericDate values are represented as seconds.
            // Because Because java.util.Date requires milliseconds, we need to multiply by 1000:
            long seconds = ((Number) v).longValue();
            long millis = seconds * 1000;
            return new Date(millis);
        } else if (v instanceof String) {
            // https://github.com/jwtk/jjwt/issues/122
            // The JWT RFC *mandates* NumericDate values are represented as seconds.
            // Because Because java.util.Date requires milliseconds, we need to multiply by 1000:
            long seconds = Long.parseLong((String) v);
            long millis = seconds * 1000;
            return new Date(millis);
        } else {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot convert '" + name + "' value [" + v + "] to Date instance.");
        }
    }

4. 拦截器使用

要想对api进行控制,就要使用拦截器,或是过滤器,提问:拦截器和过滤器的区别是什么?此处采用拦截器进行控制。

拦截器具体实现代码:

import com.woasis.wos.api.UserClaim;
import com.woasis.wos.common.exception.ExceptionEnum;
import com.woasis.wos.common.exception.WosException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureException;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Token验证拦截器
 */
public class TokenInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TokenInterceptor.class);

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {

        logger.debug("path:"+httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
        String token = httpServletRequest.getParameter("token");
        String userId = httpServletRequest.getParameter("id");

        if (!StringUtils.isBlank(token)){
            UserClaim claim = null;
            try {
                claim = JwtHandler.parseJWT(token);
            }catch (ExpiredJwtException e){//token过期
                throw new WosException(ExceptionEnum.EXPIRATION_TIME);
            }catch (SignatureException e){//签名被篡改
                throw new WosException(ExceptionEnum.SIGNATUREEXCEPTION);
            }
            if (claim != null && userId != null){
                if (userId.equals(claim.getJti())){

                    return true;
                }else {//token用户非请求用户,非法请求
                    throw new WosException(ExceptionEnum.ILLEGAL_REQUEST);
                }
            }else {
                throw new WosException(ExceptionEnum.ILLEGAL_REQUEST);
            }
        }else {//token为空,非法请求
            throw new WosException(ExceptionEnum.ILLEGAL_REQUEST);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

在Spring Boot中拦截器的使用:

import com.woasis.wos.api.util.TokenInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
public class WosAppConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    //排除拦截的请求路径
    private static String[] excludePatterns = new String[]{"/oauth/login"};

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {

        registry.addInterceptor(new TokenInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns(excludePatterns);

        super.addInterceptors(registry);

    }
}

5. 效果测试

模拟获取token

模拟token过期

模拟token中签名被篡改


参数签名://TODO

 

posted on 2018-07-13 11:38  soinve  阅读(3499)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报

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