部署LAMP
搭建lamp架构
目录
1.LAMP架构介绍
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
2.架构说明
apache主要实现如下功能：
第一：处理http的请求、构建响应报文等自身服务；
第二：配置让Apache支持PHP程序的响应（通过PHP模块或FPM）；
第三：配置Apache具体处理php程序的方法，如通过反向代理将php程序交给fcgi处理。
mariadb主要实现如下功能：
第一：提供PHP程序对数据的存储；
第二：提供PHP程序对数据的读取(通常情况下从性能的角度考虑，尽量实现数据库的读写分离)。
php主要实现如下功能：
第一：提供apache的访问接口，即CGI或Fast CGI(FPM);
第二：提供PHP程序的解释器；
第三：提供mairadb数据库的连接函数的基本环境。
由此可知，要实现LAMP在配置每一个服务时，安装功能需求进行配置，即可实现LAMP的架构，当然apache、mariadb和php服务都可配置为独立服务，安装在不同服务器之上。
3.lamp平台搭建
环境说明
| 系统平台 | IP | 需要安装的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| centos8 | 192.168.142.130 | http mysql php php-mysql |
lamp平台软件安装次序：
http - - > mysql - - > php //顺序不可逆
阿里云
配置一下仓库源
[root@Soap ~]# cd /etc/yum.repo.d/
[root@Soap yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@Soap yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@Soap ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@Soap ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@Soap ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@Soap ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@Soap ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
3.1 编译安装httpd
//先下载需要的依赖包
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y groupinstall "Development Tools" --allowerasing
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y install wget openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool libxml2-devel make gcc gcc-c++
//创建一个apache的用户
[root@Soap ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@Soap ~]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)
//wget下载安装httpd所需要的包
[root@Soap ~]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@Soap ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//解压并编译
[root@Soap ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@Soap ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@Soap ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@Soap ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//进入apr-1.7.0的configure删除这一行或者注释这一行
[root@Soap ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@Soap apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
#$RM "$cfgfile" //注释这行
//编译apr
[root@Soap apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@Soap apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
//编译apr-util
[root@Soap httpd-2.4.54]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1
[root@Soap apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[root@Soap apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
//编译httpd
[root@Soap ~]# cd httpd-2.4.54
[root@Soap httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-rpm=prefork
[root@Soap httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install
//配置环境变量
[root@Soap ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@Soap ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@Soap ~]# which apachectl
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
//创建头文件软连接
[root@Soap ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache
//添加帮助文档
[root@Soap ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man //添加
//取消警报
[root@Soap ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName www.example.com:80 //取消这行注释
//编写控制脚本
[root@Soap ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@Soap system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@Soap system]# vim httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@Soap ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //刷新一下
//设置开机自启动
[root@Soap ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@Soap ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@Soap ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@Soap ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@Soap ~]# setenforce 0
3.2 二进制安装mysql
//安装依赖包
[root@Soap ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
//创建用户
[root@Soap ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@Soap ~]# id mysql
uid=993(mysql) gid=990(mysql) groups=990(mysql)
//下载二进制包
[root@Soap ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@Soap src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
//解压软件包
[root@Soap src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//更改软件名，更改属主属组
[root@Soap src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@Soap local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@Soap local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@Soap local]# ll -d mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug 2 19:08 mysql
//配置环境变量
[root@Soap local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@Soap local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
//创建头文件
[root@Soap local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
//添加帮助文档
[root@Soap ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man //添加
//创建库文件
[root@Soap ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@Soap ~]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/
[root@Soap ~]# ldconfig
//创建数据存放目录
[root@Soap ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@Soap ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@Soap ~]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 2 19:13 /opt/data/
//初始化
[root@Soap ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/
2022-08-02T11:33:30.837163Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-02T11:33:30.882575Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@Soap: ,7//AkYZV3tZ //最后一行会生成临时密码
[root@Soap ~]# echo ',7//AkYZV3tZ' > passwd //记录一下密码
//编写配置文件
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb*
[root@Soap ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
//编写服务控制脚本
[root@Soap ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@Soap system]# cp httpd.service mysqld.service
[root@Soap system]# vim mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@Soap ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //刷新一下
//设置开机自启
[root@Soap ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@Soap ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//设置密码
[root@Soap ~]# cat passwd
,7//AkYZV3tZ
[root@Soap ~]# mysql -uroot -p',7//AkYZV3tZ'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('Qwer1234！'); //修改密码， ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'Qwer1234！';（mysql8.0使用这条命令进行修改密码）
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
//登录查看是否修改成功
[root@Soap ~]# mysql -uroot -pQwer1234！
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3.3 编译安装php
//下载php软件包
[root@Soap ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@Soap src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.gz
//解压软件包
[root@Soap src]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.gz
[root@Soap src]# ls
debug kernels mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-7.4.30 php-7.4.30.tar.gz
//安装依赖包
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel
[root@Soap ~]# dnf -y install libzip-devel
//编译安装
[root@Soap ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@Soap src]# cd php-7.4.30
[root@Soap php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@Soap php-7.4.30]# make && make install
//配置环境变量
[root@Soap local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@Soap local]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@Soap local]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@Soap php-7.4.30]# php -v
PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug 2 2022 22:27:01) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
//配置php-fpm
[root@Soap php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@Soap php-7.4.30]# cd sapi/fpm/
[root@Soap fpm]# file init.d.php-fpm
init.d.php-fpm: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@Soap fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@Soap fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@Soap fpm]# cd /usr/local/php7/
[root@Soap php7]# ls
bin etc include lib php sbin var
[root@Soap php7]# cd etc/
[root@Soap etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@Soap etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@Soap etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@Soap php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@Soap php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@Soap php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf www.conf.default
//编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）：
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@Soap ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@Soap ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
//取消httpd.conf的注释,启动httpd的相关模块
[root@Soap php-fpm.d]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so //取消井号
#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so //取消井号
//编写测试文件
[root@Soap ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime
[root@Soap ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@Soap ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@Soap ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 39 Aug 2 22:45 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
//配置虚拟主机
[root@Soap extra]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime"
ServerName runtime.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/runtime.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/runtime.example.com-access_log" common
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@Soap ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
//搜索ADDType,添加以下内容
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html //在前面添加一个index.php
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //取消注释
//启动php httpd
[root@Soap local]# service php-fpm start
[root@Soap ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm //开机自启动
[root@Soap local]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@Soap local]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
3.4 查看结果
4. lamp架构上部署phpmyadmin
4.1 先在数据库中创建一个用户并授权
[root@Soap ~]# mysql -uroot -pQwer1234！
mysql> create database admin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on admin.* to 'admin'@'%' identified by 'Qwer1234！';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on admin.* to 'admin'@'Soap' identified by 'Qwer1234！';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4.2 下载phpmyadmin并解压和配置
[root@Soap ~]# wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.tar.gz
[root@Soap ~]# tar xf phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.tar.gz -C /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/
[root@Soap ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/
[root@Soap runtime]# ls
index.php phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages
[root@Soap runtime]# mv phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages/* .
mv: overwrite './index.php'? y
[root@Soap runtime]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
[root@Soap runtime]# vim config.inc.php
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '127.0.0.1'; //把Soap改成为127.0.0.1
[root@Soap runtime]# systemctl restart httpd
4.3 查看结果
