python 使用 requests 做 http 请求

1. get

import requests

# 最简单的get请求
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.json())

# url 中?key=value&key=value
r = requests.get(url, params=params)

# form 表单
params = {"username":"name", "password":"passw0rd"}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
r = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)

# 下载
r = requests.get(url)
r.raise_for_status()
with open(target, 'wb') as f:
    for ch in r.iter_content(10000):
        result_file_size += f.write(ch)

 

2. post请求

data = {'name':'train', 'device':'CN0989'}
r = requests.post(url, json=data)

#上传
files = {
        "file": (os.path.basename(filepath), open(filepath, "rb"), "application/zip")
}
print('POST %s'%url)
with open(filepath, 'rb') as f:
    r = requests.post(url, files=files)

r = requests.post(url, json=json_dict, headers=headers)

# 保持response流，保证接收完整
with requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', stream=True) as r:
    # Do things with the response here.

# 上传文件
with open('massive-body', 'rb') as f:
    requests.post('http://some.url/streamed', data=f)

# 上传文件 2 指定文件格式
files = {'file': (filename, open(filename, 'rb), 'application/zip')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.json())


# 上传多个文件
url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'
multiple_files = [
        ('images', ('foo.png', open('foo.png', 'rb'), 'image/png')),
        ('images', ('bar.png', open('bar.png', 'rb'), 'image/png'))]
r = requests.post(url, files=multiple_files)
r.text

 

# 防止中文乱码
url = 'http://hostname'

body = {'name':'中文名称'}
print('body:\n%s' % json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False))
body = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False)
body = body.encode('utf-8')

r = _session.post(url, data=body, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8'})

status_code = r.status_code
res = r.json()

 

3. 登录

_session = requests.Session()

# login
url = '%s/login'%_basic_url
params = {"username":"admin", "password":"admin"}
headers = {'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
r = _session.post(url, params=params, headers=headers)

#做其他请求
r =  _session.get(url)

_session.close()

 

4. 使用basic登录

也可以如上方一样使用session

from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('user', 'pass'))
r.encoding = 'utf-8'
print r.status_code
print r.text
print r.json()