网页在Safari快速滚动和回弹的原理: -webkit-overflow-scrolling : touch;的实现
现在很多for Mobile的H5网页内都有快速滚动和回弹的效果,看上去和原生app的效率都有得一拼。
要实现这个效果很简单,只需要加一行css代码即可:
-webkit-overflow-scrolling : touch;
可用以下网页测试:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>scroll</title> <style type="text/css"> .container { width : 300px; height : 50%; -webkit-box-sizing : border-box; position : relative; overflow-y : auto; background-color : cyan; -webkit-overflow-scrolling : touch; /* liuhx:可以把这整行注释掉对比差别 */ } ul { height: 50px; } </style> </head> <body> <div align="center"> <nav class="container"> <ul>1</ul> <ul>2</ul> <ul>3</ul> <ul>4</ul> <ul>5</ul> <ul>6</ul> <ul>7</ul> <ul>8</ul> <ul>9</ul> <ul>10</ul> <ul>11</ul> <ul>12</ul> <ul>13</ul> <ul>14</ul> <ul>15</ul> <ul>16</ul> <ul>17</ul> <ul>18</ul> <ul>19</ul> <ul>20</ul> </nav> </div> </body> </html>
可以用手指滑动中间的蓝色区域,会发现回弹效果以及滚动得很快:
(点击图片查看大图)
如果把-webkit-overflow-scrolling那行注释掉,就会发现滚动得很慢。
实际上,Safari真的用了原生控件来实现,对于有-webkit-overflow-scrolling的网页,会创建一个UIScrollView,提供子layer给渲染模块使用。创建时的堆栈如下:
Thread 1, Queue : com.apple.main-thread #0 0x00086723 in -[UIScrollView initWithFrame:] () #1 0x004ec3bd in -[UIWebOverflowScrollView initWithLayer:node:webDocumentView:] () #2 0x001f1769 in -[UIWebDocumentView webView:didCreateOrUpdateScrollingLayer:withContentsLayer:scrollSize:forNode:allowHorizontalScrollbar:allowVerticalScrollbar:] () #3 0x01d571bd in __invoking___ () #4 0x01d570d6 in -[NSInvocation invoke] () #5 0x01d5724a in -[NSInvocation invokeWithTarget:] () #6 0x027fb6a1 in -[_WebSafeForwarder forwardInvocation:] () #7 0x027fb8ab in __44-[_WebSafeAsyncForwarder forwardInvocation:]_block_invoke_0 () #8 0x04ac753f in _dispatch_call_block_and_release () #9 0x04ad9014 in _dispatch_client_callout () #10 0x04ac97d5 in _dispatch_main_queue_callback_4CF () #11 0x01d09af5 in __CFRunLoopRun () #12 0x01d08f44 in CFRunLoopRunSpecific () #13 0x01d08e1b in CFRunLoopRunInMode () #14 0x01cbd7e3 in GSEventRunModal () #15 0x01cbd668 in GSEventRun () #16 0x00032ffc in UIApplicationMain () #17 0x00002ae2 in main at /Users/liuhx/Desktop/UIWebView_Research/WebViewResearch/main.mm:16
实际创建的是UIWebOverflowScrollView,它继承自UIScrollView,声明为:
@class DOMNode, UIWebDocumentView, UIWebOverflowContentView, UIWebOverflowScrollListener; @interface UIWebOverflowScrollView : UIScrollView { UIWebDocumentView *_webDocumentView; UIWebOverflowScrollListener *_scrollListener; UIWebOverflowContentView *_overflowContentView; DOMNode *_node; BOOL _beingRemoved; } @property(nonatomic, getter=isBeingRemoved) BOOL beingRemoved; // @synthesize beingRemoved=_beingRemoved; @property(retain, nonatomic) DOMNode *node; // @synthesize node=_node; @property(retain, nonatomic) UIWebOverflowContentView *overflowContentView; // @synthesize overflowContentView=_overflowContentView; @property(retain, nonatomic) UIWebOverflowScrollListener *scrollListener; // @synthesize scrollListener=_scrollListener; @property(nonatomic) UIWebDocumentView *webDocumentView; // @synthesize webDocumentView=_webDocumentView; - (void)setContentOffset:(struct CGPoint)arg1; - (void)_replaceLayer:(id)arg1; - (void)prepareForRemoval; - (void)fixUpViewAfterInsertion; - (id)superview; - (void)dealloc; - (id)initWithLayer:(id)arg1 node:(id)arg2 webDocumentView:(id)arg3; @end
其还有一个子View作为ContentView,是给WebCore真正用作渲染overflow型内容的layer的容器。
UIWebOverflowContentView的声明为:
@interface UIWebOverflowContentView : UIView { } - (void)_setCachedSubviews:(id)arg1; - (void)_replaceLayer:(id)arg1; - (void)fixUpViewAfterInsertion; - (id)superview; - (id)initWithLayer:(id)arg1; @end
再往底层跟,都是CALayer的操作。
以上两个类都是UIKit层的实现,需要WebCore有硬件加速的支持才有实际意义,相关的逻辑被包含在
ACCELERATED_COMPOSITING
这个宏里。
从SVN log看,在WebKit 108400版本左右才支持,所以iOS Safari应该是需要5.0。Android只在4.0以上支持。
从前端开发的角度讲,只需要知道CSS的属性-webkit-overflow-scrolling是真的创建了带有硬件加速的系统级控件,所以效率很高。但是这相对是耗更多内存的,最好在产生了非常大面积的overflow时才应用。
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