搭建K8s集群[无需科学shangwang]
官网:https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/#installing-kubeadm-kubelet-and-kubectl
GitHub:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm
使用kubeadm搭建一个3台机器组成的k8s集群,1台master节点,2台worker节点
配置(官方配置要求):
- One or more machines running one of:
- Ubuntu 16.04+
- Debian 9+
- CentOS 7【课程中使用】
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7
- Fedora 25+
- HypriotOS v1.0.1+
- Container Linux (tested with 1800.6.0)
- 2 GB or more of RAM per machine (any less will leave little room for your apps)
- 2 CPUs or more
- Full network connectivity between all machines in the cluster (public or private network is fine)
- Unique hostname, MAC address, and product_uuid for every node. See here for more details.
- Certain ports are open on your machines. See here for more details.
- Swap disabled. You MUST disable swap in order for the kubelet to work properly.
我的配置:
环境及镜像版本:
Docker 19.03.5
---
kubeadm-1.14.0-0
kubelet-1.14.0-0
kubectl-1.14.0-0
---
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
---
calico:v3.9
1.准备3台centos
要保证彼此之间能够ping通,也就是处于同一个网络中,虚拟机的配置要求如上
2.更新并安装依赖(3台机器都需要执行)
yum -y update
yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp
3.安装k8s的Docker环境依赖
01 安装必要的依赖
sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
02 设置docker仓库
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
【设置要设置一下阿里云镜像加速器】
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["这边替换成自己的实际地址"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
03 安装docker
yum install -y docker-ce-18.09.0 docker-ce-cli-18.09.0 containerd.io
04 启动docker
sudo systemctl start docker && sudo systemctl enable docker
4.修改hosts文件
# (1)master
# 设置master的hostname,并且修改hosts文件
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname master
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.1.18 master
192.168.1.17 follow1
192.168.1.19 follow2
# (2)两个follow
# 设置follow01/02的hostname,并且修改hosts文件
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname follow1
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname follow2
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.1.18 master
192.168.1.17 follow1
192.168.1.19 follow2
5.系统基础前提配置
# (1)关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
# (2)关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
# (3)关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -i '/swap/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
# (4)配置iptables的ACCEPT规则
iptables -F && iptables -X && iptables -F -t nat && iptables -X -t nat && iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
# (5)设置系统参数
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
6.Installing kubeadm, kubelet and kubectl
# (1)配置yum源
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
# (2)安装kubeadm&kubelet&kubectl
yum install -y kubeadm-1.14.0-0 kubelet-1.14.0-0 kubectl-1.14.0-0
# docker和k8s设置同一个cgroup(注意这里必须保证)
# docker
vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
systemctl restart docker
# kubelet,这边如果发现输出directory not exist,也说明是没问题的,大家继续往下进行即可
sed -i "s/cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs/g" /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
ps:设置完成以后
# docker
可以通过docker info查看
# k8s
文件位置/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
7.proxy/pause/scheduler等国内镜像
# (1)查看kubeadm使用的镜像
kubeadm config images list
# 可以发现这里都是国外的镜像
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.14.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.3.1
# (2)解决国外镜像不能访问的问题
# 创建kubeadm.sh脚本,用于拉取镜像/打tag/删除原有镜像
#!/bin/bash
set -e
KUBE_VERSION=v1.14.0
KUBE_PAUSE_VERSION=3.1
ETCD_VERSION=3.3.10
CORE_DNS_VERSION=1.3.1
GCR_URL=k8s.gcr.io
ALIYUN_URL=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/snail-gao
images=(kube-proxy:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-scheduler:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-controller-manager:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-apiserver:${KUBE_VERSION}
pause:${KUBE_PAUSE_VERSION}
etcd:${ETCD_VERSION}
coredns:${CORE_DNS_VERSION})
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull $ALIYUN_URL/$imageName
docker tag $ALIYUN_URL/$imageName $GCR_URL/$imageName
docker rmi $ALIYUN_URL/$imageName
done
# 运行脚本和查看镜像
# 运行脚本
sh ./kubeadm.sh
# 查看镜像
docker images
# 将这些镜像推送到自己的阿里云仓库【可选,根据自己实际的情况】
# 登录自己的阿里云仓库
docker login --username=xxx registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
# 创建脚本kubeadm-push-aliyun.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -e
KUBE_VERSION=v1.14.0
KUBE_PAUSE_VERSION=3.1
ETCD_VERSION=3.3.10
CORE_DNS_VERSION=1.3.1
GCR_URL=k8s.gcr.io
ALIYUN_URL=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/snail-gao
images=(kube-proxy:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-scheduler:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-controller-manager:${KUBE_VERSION}
kube-apiserver:${KUBE_VERSION}
pause:${KUBE_PAUSE_VERSION}
etcd:${ETCD_VERSION}
coredns:${CORE_DNS_VERSION})
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker tag $GCR_URL/$imageName $ALIYUN_URL/$imageName
docker push $ALIYUN_URL/$imageName
docker rmi $ALIYUN_URL/$imageName
done
# 运行脚本 sh ./kubeadm-push-aliyun.sh
8.kube init初始化master
# (1)kube init流程
01-进行一系列检查,以确定这台机器可以部署kubernetes
02-生成kubernetes对外提供服务所需要的各种证书可对应目录
/etc/kubernetes/pki/*
03-为其他组件生成访问kube-ApiServer所需的配置文件
ls /etc/kubernetes/
admin.conf controller-manager.conf kubelet.conf scheduler.conf
04-为 Master组件生成Pod配置文件。
ls /etc/kubernetes/manifests/*.yaml
kube-apiserver.yaml
kube-controller-manager.yaml
kube-scheduler.yaml
05-生成etcd的Pod YAML文件。
ls /etc/kubernetes/manifests/*.yaml
kube-apiserver.yaml
kube-controller-manager.yaml
kube-scheduler.yaml
etcd.yaml
06-一旦这些 YAML 文件出现在被 kubelet 监视的/etc/kubernetes/manifests/目录下,kubelet就会自动创建这些yaml文件定义的pod,即master组件的容器。master容器启动后,kubeadm会通过检查localhost:6443/healthz这个master组件的健康状态检查URL,等待master组件完全运行起来
07-为集群生成一个bootstrap token
08-将ca.crt等 Master节点的重要信息,通过ConfigMap的方式保存在etcd中,工后续部署node节点使用
09-最后一步是安装默认插件,kubernetes默认kube-proxy和DNS两个插件是必须安装的
# (2)初始化master节点
官网:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
# 注意:此操作是在主节点上进行
# 本地有镜像
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.14.0 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.18 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
【若要重新初始化集群状态:kubeadm reset,然后再进行上述操作】
# 记得保存好最后kubeadm join的信息
安装完成后效果:
# (3)根据日志提示
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# (4)启动coredns
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
# (5)健康检查
curl -k https://localhost:6443/healthz
9.部署calico网络插件
选择网络插件:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
calico网络插件:https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.9/getting-started/kubernetes/
calico,同样在master节点上操作
# 在k8s中安装calico
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.9/manifests/calico.yaml
# 确认一下calico是否安装成功
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -w
10.kube join
# (1)把刚才安装成功后的配置信息拿过来(这里只是参考)
kubeadm join 192.168.1.18:6443 --token rnqwrl.h3z18ssf1sks9aix \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:216b14dfbb30588cdb7425a1af128bcb624daec4a15b11ed0047009f526e8c73
# (2)在follow1和follow2上执行上述命令
# (3)在master节点上检查集群信息
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
follow1 NotReady <none> 25s v1.14.0
follow2 NotReady <none> 20s v1.14.0
master Ready master 18m v1.14.0
11.再次体验Pod
# (1)定义pod.yml文件,比如pod_nginx_rs.yaml
cat > pod_nginx_rs.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
tier: frontend
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
tier: frontend
template:
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
tier: frontend
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
# (2)根据pod_nginx_rs.yml文件创建pod
kubectl apply -f pod_nginx_rs.yaml
# (3)查看pod
kubectl get pods
kubectl get pods -o wide
kubectl describe pod nginx
# (4)感受通过rs将pod扩容
kubectl scale rs nginx --replicas=5
kubectl get pods -o wide
# (5)删除pod
kubectl delete -f pod_nginx_rs.yaml