xfce-debian10 英文环境安装配置记录

　　Centos还没有用利索（因为我听说debian是更纯正的社区开源项目？？？可是这对于我这样毫无技术菜鸟来说有什么关系呢？？？可是耐不住心中的悸动？？？悸动又从哪里了呢？？？哎，不管了），突然心血来潮想用用debian,首先在虚拟机里边尝试了下配置过程。

　　因为我喜欢用英文系统（为了让自己看不懂么？？？真是搞不懂自己），所以可能会遇到中文字符集的问题，在此记录一下。

1、用debian-10.5.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso 镜像安装系统，基本就是按照提示点点点。（最好断网安装，如果你网不是很好，debian默认会联网安装，关都关不了，而且默认选择的可能是国外源，很可能会导致安装软件的时候失败。别问是怎么知道的。）

2、配置软件源，有人说debian镜像库国内源，不需要配置，感觉还是选择一个自己觉得好用的配置一下吧。（收集了好几家的）

用vi打开/etc/apt/sources.list，直接插入到最前面就可以，阿里云的指导这么说的，我也是这样用的，好像可以。（可以先备份一下）

配置好后，更新下

sudo apt update -y

sudo apt upgrade -y

# 163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main non-free contrib

# huawei
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free

# tencent
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib

deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib

# zhongkeda
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

# aliyun
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-backports main non-free contrib

# qinghua
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

# lanzhoudaxue
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

# shangjiaoda
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

3、 如果安装的是英文环境，中文无法显示，所以要在前面赶紧配置软件源好安装locales

$sudo apt-get install locales
$sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

执行完dpkg-reconfigure locales后会弹出一个图形界面，选择需要安装的字符集，按住空格SPACE键会选中选项，在按取消选中，ENTER确认。

最好把zh_CN开头的几个都选中，后缀HK，SG，TW的喜欢就选，都是繁体字把，选则一个就好吧。

en_US.UTF8
zh_CN GB2312
zh_CN GBK GBK
zh_CN UTF-8 UTF-8

认真对不要选错哦，后面出现显示问题也可以重新配至，这一步后是选择默认字符集，我选择的是en_US.UTF-8，因为我想要的是英文环境。

之后，还需要安装中文字体，否则中文还是乱码，这些命令可能有些重复，网上收集的，反正影响也不大。

$sudo apt-get install ttf-microsoft-simsun ttf-microsoft-simhei
$sudo apt-get install ttf-microsoft-simyou ttf-microsoft-simli
$sudo apt-get install xfonts-intl-chinese
$sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy*
$sudo apt-get install fonts-wqy*

这样可能需要重启电脑，之后中文显示应该就没有问题了。

4、安装中文输入法，rime这个输入法真的很好用，看着网上的配置好复杂，不过用默认的也挺好用了，可能是新版本的缘故。根据网上的经验，

我选择了ibus-rime，我安装好启动ibus，添加好输入法后，打开编辑器切换到rime输入法，按F4就可以选择几种默认的输入选择。我只配置了一次

就生效了默认简体字，网上还有网友的配置文件方法。

$sudo apt install ibus ibus-rime -y

5、因为前面选择默认字符集的时候把en_US.ISOxxx当成en_US.UTF-8选择了，之后又根据网上资料配置了默认字符集为en_US.UTF-8，导致终端无法显示

中文，也无法输入中文，起初以为是输入法的问题，后来发现和输入法没有一毛钱关系。执行locate命令后:

 

$locale
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory

 

 向前面那样重新配置下就可以了。主要问题就解决了。

6、 设置时区信息，记得centos不管选择哪个语言环境安装，都允许自己选择时区，可能gnome版的debian可以，不过xfce版的debian不可以
1) 查询
timedatectl
2) 设置时区，/etc/localtime就是个软软链接

sudo rm -f /etc/localtime
sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/ShangHai /etc/localtime
3） 网络校时
sudo apt-get install ntpdate
ntpdate 210.72.145.44           # 中国国家时间服务器 210.72.145.44

7、 截图工具安装（很好用的截图工具）
sudo apt install flameshot -y

剩下的软件安装就放飞自我了。。。