第三十一篇 -- 学习第六十八天打卡20190911
学习书籍《剑桥商务英语中级词汇精选》乱序版
Day10
Day61 dismay [dɪs'meɪ] n.沮丧；惊慌 vt.使沮丧；使惊慌 例：The government's attitude towards the economic crisis dismayed all people. 政府对待经济危机的态度令全体人民很失望 搭：to one's dismay 令某人失望的是/in dismay 沮丧；吃惊 派：dismayed adj.惊愕的；失望的 cash [kæʃ] n.现金，现付款 vr.兑现 例：A commission charge is requested if you want to cash a cheque. 兑现支票时要收取手续费 商：cash crop 经济作物/cash sale 现金销售/cash settlement 现金结算/cash voucher 凭单/cash statement 现金日报表，库存表/cash flow(公司、政府等的)现金流转/cash on delivery 货到付款 搭：cash in 把...兑换成现金/be strapped for cash 缺钱/cash cow 摇钱树 派：cashless adj.不用现钞的，使用信用卡、借记卡等结算的(例：cashless society 无现钞的社会) dead [ded] adj.死的；无生气的 adv.完全地；直接地 n.死；死人 例：We are dead against your dishonest business behaviour. 我们坚决反对贵方不诚实的商业行为。 商：dead capital 呆滞资本/dead assets 报废资产/dead account 坏账，呆账/dead cheque 无效支票/dead loss 净亏损/dead cat bounce 死猫弹跳(股市大跌后的短暂回升) 搭：more dead than alive 精疲力竭/dead to 对...麻木的/dead silence 静默无声/dead in water 被搁置的 派：deadly adj./adv.非常地(地)；致命的(地) hammer ['hæmə(r)] vt.压低(股票等)的价格；击败；敲打 vi.反复敲打，连续击打；致力于 n.锤；(拍卖等用的)醒木，槌 例：The Middle East tension and the devaluation of the US dollar hanmmered the price of oil stocks. 中东的紧张局势和美元的贬值令石油股票价格受到重创。 商：under the hammer 被拍卖 搭：hammer away at 努力做/hammer home 给...以深刻印象/hammer out 竭力想出(解决办法等) 派：hammered adj.捶打成了，锻造的；喝醉的/hammering n.锤击；攻击 seasoned ['si:znd] adj.经验丰富的，老练的；调过味的 例：There is no constant winner on the stock market, even the seasoned investor. 股市上没有永远的赢家，即使老练的投资者也不例外 entrepreneurial [,ɒntrəprə'nɜːriəl] adj.企业家(精神)的 商：entrepreneurial earnings 企业家收益/entrepreneurial project 创业项目/entrepreneurial flair 企业家才能 accountant [ə'kaʊntənt] n.会计；会计师 例：An accountant must be sensitive to numbers. 会计师必须对数字敏感。 商：certified/registered accountants 注册会计师，执业会计师 beleaguered [bɪ'li:gəd] adj.包围的，围困的 例：Relief supplies are delivered to the beleaguered cities. 救灾物资被发往受困城市 steer [stɪə(r)] v.驾驶；操纵；沿着(某方向)前进 搭：steer clear of 避开 派：steering n.转向设置 写作小站： The government is making great efforts to steer the national economy towards stable and healthy development. 政府正努力引导国民经济实现平稳、健康的发展。 independent [,ɪndɪ'pendənt] adj.独立的；单独的；无党派的；不受约束的 例：There are more than ten departments in the company and each department has their own independent account. 这家公司有十多个部门，每个部门都有自己单独的账户。 商：independent operation 独立经营 搭：be independent of 自立的，不受...影响的 派：independence n.独立/independently adv.独立地 Day62 ledger ['ledʒ(r)] n.分类账；总账 商：ledger clerk 记账员/payroll ledger 工资分类账/enter figures into sales ledger 将数字记入销售账 increase ['ɪŋkri:s] n.增加，增长；提高 [ɪn'kri:s] v.增加，增大 商：increase in demand 需求增加/increase of budget 预算增加/increase of working hours 工作时间增加/increase in wage 工资的增长/increase the order 扩大订单 搭：on the increase 正在增加，不断增加/increase by 增加了/increase to 增加到 派：increasingly adv.不断增加地/increased adj.增加地(例：increased demand 增加的需求) 写作小站： Due to the promotion, there is a general increase in brand awareness of our products among female consumers aged from 18 to 34. 由于这次促销活动，我们产品的品牌知名度在18岁到34岁的女性消费者中得到了普遍提升。 reputation [,repju'teɪʃn] n.名誉，名声 例：Our products enjoy a good reputation both in the domestic and overseas markets. 我们的产品在国内市场和海外市场都享有良好的声誉。 repeat order 重复订单；追加订货；再次订货 例：We always get repeat orders from our customers for the outstanding quality of our products and our timely delivery. 由于产品质量出众、发货及时，我们经常收到客户的追加订单。 dissipate ['dɪsɪpeɪt] vt.浪费；驱散 例：They finally gave up after dissipating so much time and energy to the infeasible project. 在这个不可行的项目上浪费了那么多的时间和精力后，他们最终还是放弃了。 派：dissipated adj.浪费掉的；沉迷于酒色的/dissipation n.消散；挥霍；放荡 volatile ['vɒlətaɪl] adj.不稳定的；(人)情绪多变的；(液体等)易挥发的 例：Investors are quite cautious in investment as the market has been extremely volatile recently. 投资者们在投资时相当谨慎，因为最近市场一直极不稳定。 商：volatile exchange rate 不稳定的汇率 派：volatility n.不稳定性 commodity [kə'mɒdəti] n.商品，货物；日用品 例：Prices rocket on several basic commodities like bread and meat. 面包和肉类等几种基本商品的价格飞涨。 商：commodity inspection 商品检验/commodity list 商品清单/commodity futures 商品期货/commodity price 商品价格/commodity broker 商品经纪人 搭：plentiful commodity 丰富的商品/scare commodity 稀缺的商品 estimate ['estɪmət] n.估计；评价；判断 ['estɪmeɪt] vt.估计；评价；判断 商：estimate and offer sheet 估价和出价单/estimate the cost/value/premium 估计成本/价值/保险费 派：underestimate v./n.高估 welfare ['welfeə(r)] n.福利；福利事业；幸福 例：The company intended to increase welfare spending to motivate the staff. 公司打算增加福利开支来提高员工的积极性。 搭：welfare state 福利国家/social welfare programme 社会福利计划/welfare lottery 福利彩票/on welfare 接受救济的 induction [ɪn'dʌkʃn] n.就职；接纳会员 例：The mayor held a welcome banquet to celebrate the famous entrepreneur's induction into the local business community. 市长举行欢迎宴会，庆祝这位知名的企业家进入当地商界。 搭：induction course 入门课程；培训课程 Day63 regulator ['regjuleɪtə(r)] n.监管者，监管部门 例：It is difficult for the market regulator to catch every problem in the fast-moving and innovative financial market. 市场监管部门很难了解这个快速发展且具有创新性的金融市场的所有问题。 派：regulatory adj.(对工商业)有监管权的，监管的(例：regulatory bodies 监管部门) scale [skeɪl] n.大小，规模；等级，级别；量度制；比例(尺)；刻度，标度；[pl.]天平，磅秤 vt.攀登，爬越 商：economy of scale 规模经济/on a large/global scale 大规模地/全球规模地 搭：scale down/back 相应缩减，按比例减少/scale up 按比例增加，扩大 派：full-scale adj.全方位的/large-scale adj.大规模的 vocation [vəʊ'keɪʃn] n.职业；使命；才能 搭：sense of vocation 使命感 派：vocational adj.职业的(例：vocational qualifications/trainings 职业资格证书/培训) 听说小站： M: John has been dreaming of becomig a CEO. 约翰一直梦想着称为一名首席执行官。 W: Me too. But I know that I have no vocation for that. 我也想。但是我知道自己不是那块料。 markup ['mɑːkʌp] n.标高售价；毛利；涨价幅度 例：The present price will be maintained to the end of the month, and there will be a 10% markup next month due to the rising cost. 目前的价格将维持到本月底。由于成本上涨，下个月将涨价10%。 division [dɪ'vɪʒn] n.部门；分歧；差异 例：Our company is reorganised into four divisions. 我们公司被重组为四个部门。 商：sales division 销售部门/join/split a division 加入/分拆某个部门/the divisions between the rich and the poor 贫富差异 搭：division in/within sth. 在...上的分歧/division between...之间的分歧 派：divisional adj.部门的；分界的 roughly ['rʌfli] adv.概略地；粗糙地；令人不快地 例：Compared with last month, the sales volume roughly increased by 15% this month. 同上个月相比，这个月的销量大约增长了15%。 搭：roughly speaking 粗略地说 grapple ['græpl] vt.握紧；与...扭打 vi.全力以赴；尽力克服 n.抓紧 搭：grapple with 扭打；设法解决 写作小站： The gap between the rich and the poor is just one of the critical problems that the government is grappling with. 贫富差距只是政府正竭力解决的几个关键问题之一。 occupancy rate 居住率，租用率 例：The hotels usually grant a big discount to improve the occupancy rate in the low season. 宾馆通常在淡季给予很大的折扣来提高入住率。 advocate ['ædvəkeɪt] vt.提倡，鼓吹，主张 ['ædvəkət] n.提倡者，拥护者；律师；代言人 例：He has a staunch advocate of free trade. 他以前是自由贸易的忠实拥护者。 商：advocate innovation 提倡创新/advocate entrepreneurship 宣扬企业家精神 派：advocator n.提倡者，拥护者 maintenance ['meɪntənəns] n.维持，保持；维修，保养；抚养费 商：price maintenance 价格的维持/maintenance costs 维修成本 搭：routine maintenance 例行保养 Day64 priority [praɪ'ɒrəti] n.优先(权)；重点，优先考虑的事 例：The most urgent priority now is developing the national economy and stabilising the price levels. 当前最迫切的任务是发展国民经济和稳定物价水平。 搭：top priority dangwuzhiji/take priority over 优先做/get the priorities right 分出轻重缓急 reduce [rɪ'dju:s] v.减少；缩小；降低；概括，总结 商：reduce the price/expense/budget 降低价格/减少开支/消减预算 搭：reduce sth. to sth. 将...概括成 派：reducible adj.可简化的 limited ['lɪmɪtɪd] adj.有限的；受...限制的 商：limited company 股份(或责任)有限公司 prevent [prɪ'vent] vt.预防，防止；阻止 例：The government recognised the seriousness of the event and took steps to prevent its further expansion. 政府认识到了事态的严重性，并采取措施阻止其进一步扩大。 搭：prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 防止...做某事 派：prevention n.预防；阻止(例：Prevention is better than cure. 防患于未然是上策。)/preventable adj.可预防的(例：preventable accident 可以预防的事故) apprentice [ə'prentɪs] n.学徒，徒弟；实习生 vt.使拜师于；使当...的学徒 vi.当学徒，学艺 例：Hank was apprenticed to an advanced automobile mechanic in his early years. 汉克早年师从一名高级汽车修理工 商：apprentice of HR department/marketing department 人力资源部/营销部的实习生 派：apprenticeship n.学徒期，学徒身份；学徒制 full-on [,fʊl'ɒn] adj.全面的；不折不扣的 例：Fuji REAL 3D W3 is one of the latest digital cameras and it can provide the consumers with a full-on visual experience. 富士REAL 3D W3是一款最新的数码相机，它能给消费者带来全方位的视觉体验。 facilitate [fə'sɪlɪteɪt] vt.使便利；减轻...的困难 例：Their excellent reputation and constant adherence to the principle of quality first facilitated their success in the global market place. 他们良好的信誉以及对质量第一原则的一贯遵守帮助他们在国际市场上获得成功。 派：facilitator n.诱导者；推动...的事物/facilitation n.简易化；促进 reliable [rɪ'laɪəbl] adj.可靠的，可信赖的；真实可信的 例：The quality of Japanese electronic products is reliable. 日本电子产品的品质是值得信赖的。 搭：reliable supplier/business partner 可靠的供应商/可信赖的商业伙伴/reliable source 可靠的来源 派：reliability n.可靠性/reliably adv.可靠地；确实地 customise ['kʌstəmaɪz] vt.定制，定做 派：customisation n.用户化，专用化；定制/customised adj.定制的(例：customised product 定制产品) 听说小站： M: The quality of this batch of goods is much higher than the standard ones. 这批货的质量比标准产品的质量要高出许多。 W: Of course! They are customised by our special customers. 那是当然的，它们是由我们的特殊顾客定制的。 succeed [sək'si:d] vt.继承；接替 vi.成功；继承，继任 例：Through these measures, the government has succeded in controlling inflation and reducing unemployment. 通过这些措施，政府已成功控制了通货膨胀、减少了失业人数。 搭：succeed to 继承；继任/succeed in 在...方面有成就；实现 Day65 cancellation [,kænsə'leɪʃn] n.取消；删除 例：The unfulfilled delivery leads to the importer's cancellation of the contract. 不能按时交货导致进口商取消了合同。 商：cancellation of contract 取消合同 搭：announce a cancellation 宣布取消/make a cancellation 取消 balloon [bə'lu:n] n.气球 v.(使)像气球般鼓起；(使)激增 例：The current account deficit has ballooned to $150 billion. 当前账户逆差已经激增到1500亿美元。 Day65 We improve ourselves by victories over ourselves. 我们通过战胜自己来改进自我。 guru ['gʊru:] n.(行业)领袖，巨头；大师 搭：investment guru 投资大师/management guru 管理大师 burglar ['bɜːglə(r)] n.夜盗，窃贼 例：He has become a burglar due to his laziness. 由于懒惰，他沦落为一名窃贼。 搭：burglar alarm 防盗报警器 milestone ['maɪlstəʊn] n.里程碑；划时代的事件 例：The listing on the New York Stock Exchange marked an important milestone in the history of the company. 在纽约股票交易所上市是这个公司历史上一个重要的里程碑。 deputy ['depjuti] n.代理人，委托人；副职 例：Alice will act as Adams' deputy for the time being when Adams is on business to Canada. 亚当斯去加拿大出差期间，艾利斯将暂时代理他的工作。 商：deputy manager/editor/secretary 副经理/副编辑/副秘书 搭：act as a deputy for sb.代理某人的职位 dampen ['dæmpən] vt.抑制；减少，降低 例：Soaring prices would be conducive to dampening global oil consumption. 油价飙升有助于抑制全球石油消费。 搭：dampen one's enthusiasm/spirits 抑制某人的热情/减弱某人的兴致 suspension [sə'spenʃn] n.暂停；延缓；停职；悬浮 例：The manager is on suspension for bad management. 这位经理因管理不善被停职 商：suspension of business/payment/production/export 暂停营业/付款/生产/出口 bargain ['bɑː:gən] n.特价商品；协议；交易 vi.讨价还价；谈判 商：bargain price 廉价/bargain counter 廉价货品柜台/bargain ove the price 讨价还价 搭：drive a hard bargain 杀价(迫使对方接受苛刻条件)/make a bargain 订立协议；成交/bargain for/over 为...而讨价还价 听说小站： M: This is really a win-win agreenment for the two companies. 这对两家公司来说真是一个双赢的协议。 W: Yes, they bargained for a long period before it was made. 是的，这是双方经过长期的讨价还价后才制定出来的。 null and void 无效的 例：You are not entitled to make claims because the contract has been made null and void 你无权索赔，因为合同已经无效了。 pack [pæk] vt.捆扎，把...打包 n.包裹；一捆 例：Please do not pack all the documents into one box, because they serve different purposes. 不要把所有文件都放到一个箱子里，因为它们的用处不一样。 搭：pack a punch 拳头凶猛有力；说话击中要害/a pack of lies 一派胡言 accidental damage 意外损坏 例：Insurance can be used to level off accidental damage. 可以用保险来抵消意外损坏。 Day66 bargaining ['bɑːgənɪŋ] n.讨价还价；商谈，谈判 例：Simply speaking, international business negotiation is just bargaining. 简单来说，国际商务谈判就是讨价还价。 商：bargaining power 议价能力，谈判能力/bargaining chip/counter 谈判的筹码 omission [ə'mɪʃn] n.疏忽，遗漏；省略；删除 例：Please further check the letter of author-isation in case of any omission. 请再核实一下授权委托书，以防有什么遗漏。 logistics [lə'dʒɪstɪks] n.物流；后勤 商：logistics integration 物流一体化/logistics department后勤部门/logistics firm 物流公司 派：logistic adj.后勤的；物流的；逻辑的(例：logistics support 后勤支持) activity [æk'tɪvəti] n.业务；活动，行动；活跃，活力 商：activity-based costing 基于作业的成本方法/promotion activity 促销活动/offline/online activity 线下/线上业务活动 outbreak ['aʊtbreɪk] n.(战争的)爆发；(疾病的)发作 例：The severe debt led to the outbreak of political crisis in Portugal. 严重的债务导致了葡萄牙政治危机的爆发。 swathe [sweɪð] n.狭长的条或片 vt.包裹；覆盖 例：The export business in a swathe of coastal areas developed rapidly with their favourable geographical position. 凭借其有利的地理位置，一大片沿海地区的出口业务快速发展了起来 派：swathe sb./sth. in sth. 把某人/某物用某物包起来 provincial [prə'vɪnʃl] adj.省的；地方性的；狭窄的；粗野的 n.地方居民；乡下人 例：The manager is very provincial and you'd better not show your dissatisfaction with him. 这个经理很粗野，你最好不要流露出对他的不满。 搭：provincial election 地方性的选举 派：provincially adv.外省地，地方地，偏狭地/provincialism n.胸襟狭隘；地方主义 dramatic [drə'mætɪk] adj.戏剧性的；生动的，逼真的；显著的；引人注目的 例：This financial policy is going to have dramatic effects on the Chinese economy. 这项金融政策将对中国经济产生显著影响。 商：dramatic increase/change/fall 剧增/剧变/暴跌/dramatic development 突飞猛进的发展 派：dramatically adv.戏剧地；引人注目地 bundle ['bʌndl] n.(一)包，(一)捆；一大笔钱 vt.包，捆 vi.匆忙地走；匆匆离开 例：To our surprise, the title gadget costs a bundle. 令我们吃惊的是，这个小玩意居然要花不少钱。 搭：a bundle of 一捆；一些/bundle sth. with sth.将...和...捆绑在一起 access ['ækses] n.进入；接近的机会；市场销路 vt.存取；接近；使用 例：Other countries' products are allowed to get access to the Chinese market under the market economy. 在市场经济条件下，其他国家的产品允许进入中国市场。 搭：access to (使用或见到的)机会、权利 Day67 workfare ['wɜːkfeə(r)] n.工作福利制 例：The government is gradually establishing rural workfaces to provide social protection for vulnerable rural groups. 政府正在逐步建立农村工作福利制，为农村弱势群体提供社会保护 confidence ['kɒnfɪdəns] n.信心；信任；秘密 例：The young man is said to be very much in the sales director's confidence. 据说销售主管对这个年轻人非常信任。 搭：have confidence in 对...有信心/in confidence 秘密地；推心置腹地/gain confidence 获得信心/lack of confidence 缺乏信心/confidence trick 骗局 advert ['ædvɜːt] n.(=advertisement)广告 vi.谈及，(间接)提到 商：commercial advert 商业广告 moment ['məʊmənt] n.重要；契机；瞬间；重要时刻 例：Internet economy is the topic of the moment. 网络经济是当前最热门的话题。 搭：for the moment 暂时；目前/at the critical moment 在关键时刻/of moment 重要的 派：momentary adj.短暂的，片刻的/momentous adj.重大的，重要的/momentum n.势头；动力(例：a good economic development momentum 良好的经济发展势头) coverage ['kʌvərɪdʒ] n.覆盖，覆盖范围；新闻报道 商：insurance coverage 保险范围 搭：media/press coverage 媒体/新闻报道/blanket coverage 统一承保；地毯式报道 blacklist ['blæklɪst] n.黑名单；进制贸易的(货物、公司及个人)名单 搭：on the blacklist 在黑名单上 听说小站: M: This notorious customer always delays our payments and tries to look for some trivial matters to claim. 这个臭名昭著的客户总是拖欠付款，并试图寻找一些琐事来要求赔款。 He has already been placed on the blacklist. 他已经被我们列入黑名单了。 impose [ɪm'pəʊz] vt.把...强加于；征(税)；罚(款) vi.利用；欺骗 例：Many countries impose high tariffs to limit import from other countries. 许多国家征收高额关税来限制从他国进口商品。 商：impose limitation/restriction/constraint on 对...施加限制 搭：impose one's will on sb.将某人的意志强加于某人 派：imposition n.强加；征收/imposing adj.壮观的；使人印象深刻的 red [red] n.赤字；亏空 adj.红色的 例：Under such economic situations, the company has no other way but to operate in the red. 在这种经济形势下，这家公司除了负债经营别无他法 商：in the red 负债，亏损 搭：red tape 繁文缛节；官僚作风/red alert 紧急警报 authorise ['ɔːθəraɪz] vt.授权；批准，允许；委任 商：manage an authorised fund 管理认可基金 搭：be authorised by 经...批准/authorise sb. to do sth. 授权某人做某事 派：authorisation n.授权，委托；授权书(例：grant authorisation 授权) 写作小站： We will authorise payment in 80 days if your company orders 50000 items of products. 如果贵公司订购5万件产品的话，我们将在80天内批准付款。 embezzle [ɪm'bezl] vt.贪污；挪用(公款) 例：The former director was accused of embezzling company funds 这名前任主管被指控挪用公司资金 派：embezzlement n.贪污；盗用(公款)/embezzler n.贪污者；挪用(公款)者 Day68 answering machine 录音电话 例：Answering machines bring much convenience for daily office work. 录音电话给日常办公带来很多便利。 搭：install/switch on/use an answering machine 安装/打开/使用录音电话 refine [rɪ'faɪn] vt.精炼，提纯；改善；使...文雅 例：Due to some small problems, the contract needs to be further refined. 由于有一些小问题，这份合同仍需进一步完善。 派：refined adj.精炼的；优雅的，有教养的/refinement n.改善；提炼/refiner n.精炼机；从事精炼加工的人(或公司)/refinery n.精炼厂；提炼厂(例：oil refinery 炼油厂) markdown ['mɑːkdaʊn] n.减价；削价 例：In order to show our appreciation to new and old customers, all the products will be sold at a markdown of 25%. 为了答谢新老客户，所有商品一律减价25%出售。 R&D （=Reserch and Development）研发与开发；研发部门 例：The company is incresing their investment on R&D. 这家公司正在增加对研发的投资 session ['seʃn] n.会议；(法庭的)开庭；学年；一段时间 商：opening/closing session 开市/收盘 搭：court session 法庭开庭期 backdate [,bæk'deɪt] vt.倒填日期；回溯 例：The taxers who overpaid can backdate their claim to last February. 超额纳税者申领退款可以从去年2月算起。 plate [pleɪt] n.碟；金属板；金属牌；(印刷用的)印版，图版 vt.用(金、银等)镀覆；给...装甲 搭：have enough on your plate 问题(或工作等)成堆/a silver ring plated with gold 一枚镀金的银戒指/printing plate 印版/steel plate 钢板 派：plating n.金属镀层(例：gold plating 镀金层) service ['sɜːvɪs] vt.保养；维修；支付(公债等的)利息 n.任职；用处；政府部门；[常pl.]服务 例：It is said that a highly developed service industry is one important sign of a modern economy. 人们说高度发展的服务业是现代经济的一个重要标志。 商：service charge 服务费/customer service 客户服务；售后服务 搭：service area 服务区/service the debt 支付债务利息/at the service of sb./at one's service 随时可供使用(或提供帮助)/do sb. a/no service 有助于/无助于某人 派：serviceable adj.可供使用的；耐用的 simulation [,sɪmju'leɪʃn] n.模拟，模仿；假装，伪装；模拟操作 例：The department conducts a crisis simulation every year to strengthen their abilities to cope with crisis. 这个部门每年都会进行一次危机模拟，以增强他们应对危机的能力。 搭：simulation model 仿真模型；模拟模型/computer simulation 计算机模拟 ultimate ['ʌltɪmət] adj.最终的；根本的；最高的 n.终极；根本 例：The company's ultimate aim is to conquer the whole market of Southeast Asia. 这家公司的最终目标是占领整个东南亚市场。 商：ultimate consumer 最终消费者 搭：ultimate cause 根本原因/ultimate authority 至高无上的权威/the ultimate in luxury 极尽奢华 派：ultimately adv.最终；最后/ultimatum n.最后通牒；最后结论
