第三十九篇-RecyclerView的使用
RecyclerView介绍
RecyclerView的出现可以替代ListView,并且比ListView更高级且更具灵活性。如果有数据集合,其中的元素将因用户操作或网络事件而在运行时发生改变,请使用RecyclerVIew。
在ListVIew中,改变列表某一个item数据,然后刷新列表,会回到最顶部,而RecyclerView可以保持原来滑动的位置不变。
RecyclerView实现
要实现一个RecyclerView,会引用到其它模块,其中1、 2是必须的。剩下的3、 4、 5三项,则是起到美化装饰的效果。
1. 控制item的排列方式,需用到布局管理器LayoutManager。
2. 创建一个适配器,需用到RecyclerView.Adapter。
3. 控制item间的间隔,需用到RecyclerView.ItemDecoration。
4. 控制item增删的动画,需用到RecyclerView.ItemAnimator。
5. CardView扩展FrameLayout类,可以显示卡片内的信息,这些信息在整个平台中拥有一致的呈现方式。CardView小部件可拥有阴影和圆角。
注:如果要使用RecyclerView小部件,必须要指定一个Adapter和一个LayoutManager。
RecyclerView简单实例
先感受一下怎么使用RecyclerView。
第一步:新建一个empty Activity。(不赘述,不知道的可以看https://www.cnblogs.com/smart-zihan/p/9813940.html)
第二步:在activity_main.xml中添加一个RecyclerView。
刚开始在右边会有一个下载的符号,点击它下载就好,然后将其拖动到
之后gradle sync,其实这个步骤就是在gradle文件中添加了RecyclerView包。
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.0.0'
附上activity_main.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/recycleview" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"/> </LinearLayout>
第三步:在MainActivity.java中使用它。
//通过findViewById拿到RecycleView实例 mRecycleView = findViewById(R.id.recycleview); //设置RecyclerView管理器 mRecycleView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this,LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,false));
第四步:新建Adapter类,item.xml并在MainActivity中引入使用它。
Adapter类:
package com.example.aimee.callbacktest; import android.content.Context; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder>{ private static final String TAG = "MyAdapter";//可以用来debug private String[] mTitles; private final Context mContext; private final LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{ TextView mTextView; public ViewHolder(View v){ super(v); mTextView = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.item_tx); v.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {//当点击item时,会产生什么事件 @Override public void onClick(View v) { Log.d(TAG,"onClick-->position = " + getAdapterPosition()); } }); } } public MyAdapter(Context context) { mTitles = context.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.titles);//items mContext = context; mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) { holder.mTextView.setText(mTitles[position]); } @Override public int getItemCount() { return mTitles == null?0:mTitles.length; } @Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) { //LayoutInflater.from指定写法 View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_normal, parent, false); return new ViewHolder(v); } }
item.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="8dp" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:id="@+id/item_tx" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:padding="10dp" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" android:text="item"/> </LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java引用Adapter类
//初始化适配器 myAdapter = new MyAdapter(this); //设置适配器 mRecycleView.setAdapter(myAdapter);
最后,附上完整MainActivity.java代码:
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public String TAG = "RECYCLE"; private RecyclerView mRecycleView; private MyAdapter myAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //通过findViewById拿到RecycleView实例 mRecycleView = findViewById(R.id.recycleview); //设置RecyclerView管理器 mRecycleView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this,LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,false)); //初始化适配器 myAdapter = new MyAdapter(this); //设置适配器 mRecycleView.setAdapter(myAdapter); }
}
效果图:
围绕这个例子,介绍一下其它的模块:
一、LayoutManager
布局管理器,来控制Item的排列方式。
RecyclerView提供的布局管理器:
- LinearLayoutManager:以垂直或水平滚动列表方式显示项目。例子中以引用。
- GridLayoutManager:在网络中显示项目。用法:mRecycleView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(getBaseContext(),3));
- StaggeredGridLayoutManager:在分散对齐网络中显示项目。用法:mRecycleView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));
二、Adapter
myAdapter = new MyAdapter(this);
数据适配器与BaseAdapter比较发生了相当大的变化,主要有三个方法:
- getItemCount():获取总的条目数
- onCreateViewHolder():创建ViewHolder
- onBindVIewHolder():将数据绑定至ViewHolder
创建ViewHolder必须继承RecyclerView.ViewHolder,RecyclerView.ViewHolder构造时必须传入一个View,即item布局。在RecyclerView中,把ViewHolder类作为缓存的单位,假设屏幕显示10个条目,则会创建10个ViewHolder缓存起来,每次复用的是ViewHolder。方法是onCreateViewHolder。
瀑布式布局
在Adapter的onBindViewHolder()为item设置个随机的高度,下面给出Adapter中添加的代码:
public MyAdapter(Context context){ mTitles = context.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.item_list); mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); mcontext = context; mHeights = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i=0;i<mTitles.length;i++){ mHeights.add((int) (100 + Math.random() * 300)); } }
@Override public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,int position){ ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.mTextView.getLayoutParams(); lp.height = mHeights.get(position); holder.mTextView.setLayoutParams(lp); holder.mTextView.setText(mTitles[position]); }
效果图:
这个是在string.xml中定义的item,如果我们要直接在MainActivity中定义列表怎么办呢?可用如下Adapter和在MainActivity中添加列表的方式.
WaterpallStaggeredAdapter:
package com.example.aimee.callbacktest; import android.content.Context; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class WaterpallStaggeredAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<WaterpallStaggeredAdapter.MyViewHolder> { private List<String> mDatas; private LayoutInflater mInflater; private List<Integer> mHeights; public interface OnItemClickListener{ void onItemCLick(View view,int position); void onItemLongClick(View view,int position); } private OnItemClickListener mOnItemClickListener; public void setmOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener mOnItemClickListener){ this.mOnItemClickListener = mOnItemClickListener; } public WaterpallStaggeredAdapter(Context context,List<String> datas){ mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); mDatas = datas; mHeights = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i=0;i<mDatas.size();i++){ mHeights.add((int) (100 + Math.random() * 300)); } } @Override public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parrent, int viewType) { MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_normal,parrent,false)); return holder; } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position) { ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.tv.getLayoutParams(); lp.height = mHeights.get(position); holder.tv.setLayoutParams(lp); holder.tv.setText(mDatas.get(position)); //如果设置了回调,则设置点击事件 if (mOnItemClickListener != null){ holder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition(); mOnItemClickListener.onItemCLick(holder.itemView,pos); } }); holder.itemView.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() { @Override public boolean onLongClick(View v) { int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition(); mOnItemClickListener.onItemLongClick(holder.itemView,pos); removeData(pos); return false; } }); } } @Override public int getItemCount() { return mDatas.size(); } public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder { TextView tv; public MyViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); tv = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_tx); } } public void removeData(int position){ mDatas.remove(position); notifyDataSetChanged(); } }
这时候,在MainActivity中调用时时需要传入两个参数的,一个是context,一个是列表。
mDatas = new ArrayList<String>(); mDatas.add("A"); mDatas.add("B"); mDatas.add("C"); mDatas.add("D"); mDatas.add("E"); mDatas.add("F"); mDatas.add("G"); mDatas.add("H"); mDatas.add("I"); mDatas.add("J"); mDatas.add("K"); mDatas.add("L"); mDatas.add("M"); mDatas.add("N");
至于那个LayoutManager有三种,可以自行尝试,会发现其中的区别的。其实上述列表如果想要简单一点,可以用一个For循环添加列表。。。
三、ItemDecoration添加分割线
使用方法:
为了使效果明显,可以修改下item.xml, 去掉CardView,改为LinearLayout,为其设置背景色,改变字体大小。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/cv_item"> <TextView android:id="@+id/text_item" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" android:padding="10dp" android:background="#ff0000" android:textSize="28dp" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" android:text="TextView" /> </LinearLayout>
在MainActivity中加上分割线
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this,DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL));
效果图:
ItemDecoration很好的实现了RecyclerView添加分割线(当使用LayoutManager为LinearLayoutManager时)。该实现类可以看到通过读取系统主题中的Android.R.attr.listDivider作为Item间的分割线,并且支持横向和纵向。
该分割线是系统默认的,可以在theme.xml中找到该属性的使用情况。
在styles.xml找使用的android:listDivider的xml--shape_divider,也可以对其进行自定义。
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
<item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
<item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
<item name="android:listDivider">@drawable/ic_launcher_background</item>
</style>
下面给出DividerItemDecoration的代码:
package com.example.aimee.callbacktest; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.support.annotation.NonNull; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.View; public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr.listDivider }; public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL; public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL; private Drawable mDivider; private int mOrientation; public DividerItemDecoration(Context context,int mOrientation){ final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS); mDivider = a.getDrawable(0); a.recycle(); setOrientation(mOrientation); } public void setOrientation(int orientation){ if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST){ throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation"); } mOrientation = orientation; } @Override public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) { if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST){ drawVertical(c,parent); }else{ drawHorizontal(c,parent); } } public void drawVertical(Canvas c,RecyclerView parent){ final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft(); final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight(); final int childCount = parent.getChildCount(); for (int i=0;i<childCount;i++){ final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); RecyclerView v = new RecyclerView(parent.getContext()); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin; final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left,top,right,bottom); mDivider.draw(c); } } public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c,RecyclerView parent){ final int top = parent.getPaddingTop(); final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom(); final int childCount = parent.getChildCount(); for (int i=0;i<childCount;i++){ final View child = parent.getChildAt(i); final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams)child.getLayoutParams(); final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin; final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight(); mDivider.setBounds(left,top,right,bottom); mDivider.draw(c); } } @Override public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) { if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST){ outRect.set(0,0,0,mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight()); }else{ outRect.set(0,0,mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(),0); } } }
接下来,怎么实现删除和添加的动画效果呢?如果是list<String>那么很简单,指需要.add和.remove就好了,但是如果是从string-array中读取的数据呢,它可没有.add方法,这时可以用到数据类型的转换。
当然我们这里不把list转换成array了,直接用list进行后面的操作。
MyAdapter.java
package com.example.aimee.recyclerviewtest; import android.content.Context; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.TextView; import java.lang.reflect.Array; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> { private static final String TAG = "MyAdapter"; private final LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater; private final Context mcontext; private String[] mTitles; private List<Integer> mHeights; private List<String> mDatas; public MyAdapter(Context context){ mTitles = context.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.item_list); mDatas = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTitles)); mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context); mcontext = context; mHeights = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i=0;i<mTitles.length;i++){ mHeights.add((int) (100 + Math.random() * 300)); } } @Override public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,int viewType){ return new ViewHolder(mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_text,parent,false)); } @Override public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,int position){ ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = holder.mTextView.getLayoutParams(); lp.height = mHeights.get(position); holder.mTextView.setLayoutParams(lp); holder.mTextView.setText(mDatas.get(position)); } @Override public int getItemCount(){ return mDatas == null?0:mDatas.size(); } public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder { TextView mTextView; public ViewHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); mTextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.text_item); } } public void addData(int position){ mDatas.add(position,"P"); mHeights.add((int) (100 + Math.random() * 300)); notifyDataSetChanged(); } public void removeData(int position){ mDatas.remove(position); notifyDataSetChanged(); } }
还得添加一个menu菜单,使其可以添加,删除操作。
menu.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"> <item android:id="@+id/add" android:title="添加" app:showAsAction="always"/> <item android:id="@+id/remove" android:title="删除" app:showAsAction="always"/> </menu>
然后在MainActivity中添加菜单函数
package com.example.aimee.recyclerviewtest; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.widget.DefaultItemAnimator; import android.support.v7.widget.DividerItemDecoration; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.support.v7.widget.StaggeredGridLayoutManager; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private RecyclerView recyclerView; private MyAdapter myAdapter; private int count=0; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recyclerview); recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL)); myAdapter = new MyAdapter(this); recyclerView.setAdapter(myAdapter); recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this,DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL)); recyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator()); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu,menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { int id = item.getItemId(); if (id==R.id.add){ myAdapter.addData(count); count = count + 2; return true; } if (id==R.id.remove){ if (count>=2) count = count - 2; myAdapter.removeData(count); return true; } return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item); } }
效果图:
四、CardView的使用
第一个效果图就用了cardview,它可以拥有阴影个圆角。
- 如果要使用阴影创建卡片,可使用card_view:cardElevation属性
- 如果要在布局中设置圆角半径,可使用card_view.cardCornerRadius属性
- 如果要在代码中设置圆角半径,可使用CardView.setRadius方法
- 如果要设置卡片背景颜色,可使用card_view:cardBackgroundColor属性
参考博客:
https://blog.csdn.net/xx326664162/article/details/61199895