hiveSQL常见专题

合集 - 离线数仓(14)

1.Linux系统快速入门(完整版)2023-11-052.hive快速入门2023-11-053.Spark Core快速入门2023-11-204.Spark SQL快速入门2023-11-205.Spark Streaming快速入门2023-11-206.Zookeeper快速入门2023-11-057.Hadoop快速入门2023-12-16

8.hiveSQL常见专题2023-12-12

9.Prometheus 快速入门2023-12-1210.数据仓库理论2023-11-2911.DataX快速入门2023-11-2512.Flume快速入门2023-11-2513.HBase快速入门2023-11-2014.数仓项目总结2023-12-12

收起

SQL强化

SQL执行顺序

--举例：
select 
       a.sex,
       b.city,
       count(1) as cnt,
       sum(salary) as sum1
from table1 a
join table2 b on a.id=b.id
where a.name=b.name
group by a.sex,b.city
having cnt>=2
order by a.sex,b.city
limit 10

--或者是
select distinct
       a.sex,
       b.city,
       a.age
from table1 a
join table2 b on a.id=b.id
where a.name=b.name
order by a.sex,b.city
limit 10

上面的SQL语句的执行顺序是: from (去加载table1 和 table2这2个表 ) -> join -> on -> where -> group by->select 后面的聚合函数count,sum -> having -> distinct -> order by -> limit

--on 和where的先后顺序讨论
--下面用left join 各得到结果，结果不一样。
--下面可知，先执行on，再执行where
select * 
from table1 a
left join table2 b 
on a.id=b.id
where a.name=b.name;
--下面的条数可能会比上面多。
select * 
from table1 a
left join table2 b 
on a.id=b.id
and a.name=b.name;

--下面用inner join 各得到结果，结果是一样的
select * 
from table1 a
join table2 b 
on a.id=b.id
where a.name=b.name;

select * 
from table1 a
join table2 b 
on a.id=b.id
and a.name=b.name;

hivesql与sparkSQL的区别：

• 子查询hive必须起别名，SparkSQL可以不用起别名

• group by xx，yy，hive不用能用别名，spark可以用别名

• hive不支持临时视图和缓存表，SparkSQL都支持

  •  --用SparkSQL的临时视图
     use interview_db;
     create or replace temporary view t_view1 as
     select *,
     if(month=1,amount,0) as a1,
     if(month=2,amount,0) as a2,
     if(month=3,amount,0) as a3,
     if(month=4,amount,0) as a4
     from table2;
    

select year,
  sum(a1) as m1,
  sum(a2) as m2,
  sum(a3) as m3,
  sum(a4) as m4
from t_view1
group by year;

--使用SparkSQL的缓存表
cache table cached1 as
select *,
  if(month=1,amount,0) as a1,
  if(month=2,amount,0) as a2,
  if(month=3,amount,0) as a3,
  if(month=4,amount,0) as a4
from table2;

select * from cached1;
select year,
  sum(a1) as m1,
  sum(a2) as m2,
  sum(a3) as m3,
  sum(a4) as m4
from cached1
group by year;

• 爆炸函数，hive不支持explode与普通字段联合使用，需要用侧视图分开，SparkSQL支持联合使用

  • use interview_db;
    select qq,game1 from tableB lateral view explode(split(game,'_')) view1 as game1 ;
    --spark还支持这样，但是hive不支持：
    select qq,explode(split(game,'_')) game1 from tableB ;
    

* sparkSQL支持300多种函数，hiveSQL支持200多种函数。sparkSQL函数比hiveSQL要多。

  * 比如SparkSQL有sequence函数，hive就没有

• 先配置环境

• 在pycharm或datagrip或idea中配置hive数据源。也可以配置一个sparkSQL数据源，来加快速度。

• 如果配置hive数据源：

  • 需要提前启动hdfs和yarn，hive的metastore，hive的hiveserver2

  • #启动hdfs和yarn
    start-all.sh  
    
    # hive的metastore
    nohup /export/server/hive/bin/hive --service metastore  2>&1 > /tmp/hive-metastore.log &
    
    #hive的hiveserver2
    #hiveserver2开启后，等过2分钟后才能生效。
    nohup /export/server/hive/bin/hive --service hiveserver2 2>&1 > /tmp/hive-hiveserver2.log &
    

    

  • 如果遇到下面的问题

  • 

  • 解决办法

    • hive/conf/hive-env.sh中加入
      export HADOOP_CLIENT_OPTS=" -Xmx512m"
      export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=1024
      改完重启hiveserver2
      

• 如果配置SparkSQL数据源

  • 需要提前启动hdfs，hive的metastore，Spark的Thriftserver服务。

  • #启动hdfs和yarn
    start-all.sh  
    
    # hive的metastore
    nohup /export/server/hive/bin/hive --service metastore  2>&1 > /tmp/hive-metastore.log &
    
    #Spark的Thriftserver服务
    /export/server/spark/sbin/start-thriftserver.sh \
      --hiveconf hive.server2.thrift.port=10001 \
      --hiveconf hive.server2.thrift.bind.host=node1 \
      --master local[*]
    

  • 下面是spark3集成hive3需要的jar包，如果是spark2集成hive2，则jar包不一样。

  • 

show databases ;
create database if not exists test_sql;
use test_sql;
-- 一些语句会走 MapReduce，所以慢。 可以开启本地化执行的优化。
set hive.exec.mode.local.auto=true;-- (默认为false)
--第1题：访问量统计
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test1 (
		userId string,
		visitDate string,
		visitCount INT )
	ROW format delimited FIELDS TERMINATED BY "\t";

INSERT overwrite TABLE test_sql.test1
VALUES
    ( 'u01', '2017/1/21', 5 ),
    ( 'u02', '2017/1/23', 6 ),
    ( 'u03', '2017/1/22', 8 ),
    ( 'u04', '2017/1/20', 3 ),
    ( 'u01', '2017/1/23', 6 ),
    ( 'u01', '2017/2/21', 8 ),
    ( 'u02', '2017/1/23', 6 ),
    ( 'u01', '2017/2/22', 4 );

select *,
       sum(sum1) over(partition by userid order by month1 /*rows between unbounded preceding and current row*/ ) as `累积`
 from
(select userid,
       date_format(replace(visitdate,'/','-'),'yyyy-MM') as month1,
       sum(visitcount) sum1
from test_sql.test1
group by userid,
         date_format(replace(visitdate,'/','-'),'yyyy-MM')) as t;

-- 第2题：电商场景TopK统计
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test2 (
						 user_id string,
						 shop string )
			ROW format delimited FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test2 VALUES
( 'u1', 'a' ),
( 'u2', 'b' ),
( 'u1', 'b' ),
( 'u1', 'a' ),
( 'u3', 'c' ),
( 'u4', 'b' ),
( 'u1', 'a' ),
( 'u2', 'c' ),
( 'u5', 'b' ),
( 'u4', 'b' ),
( 'u6', 'c' ),
( 'u2', 'c' ),
( 'u1', 'b' ),
( 'u2', 'a' ),
( 'u2', 'a' ),
( 'u3', 'a' ),
( 'u5', 'a' ),
( 'u5', 'a' ),
( 'u5', 'a' );
--（1）每个店铺的UV（访客数）
-- UV和PV
-- PV是访问当前网站所有的次数
-- UV是访问当前网站的客户数(需要去重)
--(2)每个店铺访问次数top3的访客信息。输出店铺名称、访客id、访问次数
select shop,
       count(distinct user_id) as uv
from test_sql.test2 group by shop ;
--上面的拆解来看，等价于
--distinct后可以接多个字段，表示联合去重
select shop,
       count(user_id) as uv
from
(select distinct shop,
        user_id
from test_sql.test2  ) as t
group by shop ;
--也等价于
select shop,
       count(user_id) as uv
from
(select shop,
        user_id
from test_sql.test2 group by shop, user_id) as t
group by shop ;

select * from
(select *,
       row_number() over (partition by shop order by cnt desc) as rn
from
(select shop,user_id,count(1) as cnt from test_sql.test2 group by  shop,user_id ) as t) t2
where t2.rn<=3;

-- 第3题：订单量统计
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test3 (
			dt string,
			order_id string,
			user_id string,
			amount DECIMAL ( 10, 2 ) )
ROW format delimited FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';

INSERT overwrite TABLE test_sql.test3 VALUES
 ('2017-01-01','10029028','1000003251',33.57),
 ('2017-01-01','10029029','1000003251',33.57),
 ('2017-01-01','100290288','1000003252',33.57),
 ('2017-02-02','10029088','1000003251',33.57),
 ('2017-02-02','100290281','1000003251',33.57),
 ('2017-02-02','100290282','1000003253',33.57),
 ('2017-11-02','10290282','100003253',234),
 ('2018-11-02','10290284','100003243',234);

-- 	(1)给出 2017年每个月的订单数、用户数、总成交金额。
-- 	(2)给出2017年11月的新客数(指在11月才有第一笔订单)
select date_format(dt,'yyyy-MM') as month1,
       count(distinct order_id) as cnt1,
       count(distinct user_id) as cnt2,
       sum(amount) as amt
  from test_sql.test3
  where year(dt)=2017
group by date_format(dt,'yyyy-MM');

select count(user_id) cnt from
(select user_id,
       min(date_format(dt,'yyyy-MM')) min_month
from test3 group by user_id) as t where min_month='2017-11';

--统计每个月的新客户数
select min_month,
       count(user_id) cnt
from (select user_id,
             min(date_format(dt, 'yyyy-MM')) min_month
      from test3
      group by user_id) as t
group by min_month;



-- 第4题：大数据排序统计
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test4user
	(user_id string,name string,age int);

CREATE TABLE test_sql.test4log
	(user_id string,url string);

INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test4user VALUES('001','u1',10),
('002','u2',15),
('003','u3',15),
('004','u4',20),
('005','u5',25),
('006','u6',35),
('007','u7',40),
('008','u8',45),
('009','u9',50),
('0010','u10',65);
INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test4log VALUES('001','url1'),
('002','url1'),
('003','url2'),
('004','url3'),
('005','url3'),
('006','url1'),
('007','url5'),
('008','url7'),
('009','url5'),
('0010','url1');


select * from test_sql.test4user ;
select * from test_sql.test4log ;

--有一个5000万的用户文件(user_id，name，age)，
-- 一个2亿记录的用户看电影的记录文件(user_id，url)，根据年龄段观看电影的次数进行排序？
--取整函数有 round，floor，ceil
select *,
       round(x,0) as r,--四舍五入
       floor(x) as f,--向下取整
       ceil(x) as c--向上取整
  from
(select 15/10 as x union all
select 18/10 as x union all
select 24/10 as x union all
select 27/10 as x ) as t;

select type,
       sum(cnt) as sum1
from
(select *,
       concat(floor(age/10)*10,'-',floor(age/10)*10+10) as type
from test_sql.test4user as a
-- join前最好提前减小数据量
join (select user_id,count(url) as cnt from test_sql.test4log group by user_id) as b
on a.user_id=b.user_id) as t
group by type
order by sum(cnt) desc;

-- 第5题：活跃用户统计
CREATE TABLE test5(
dt string,
user_id string,
age int)
ROW format delimited fields terminated BY ',';
INSERT overwrite TABLE test_sql.test5 VALUES ('2019-02-11','test_1',23),
('2019-02-11','test_2',19),
('2019-02-11','test_3',39),
('2019-02-11','test_1',23),
('2019-02-11','test_3',39),
('2019-02-11','test_1',23),
('2019-02-12','test_2',19),
('2019-02-13','test_1',23),
('2019-02-15','test_2',19),
('2019-02-16','test_2',19);
select * from test_sql.test5 order by dt,user_id;
--有日志如下，请写出代码求得所有用户和活跃用户的总数及平均年龄。（活跃用户指连续两天都有访问记录的用户）
-- type     总数   平均年龄
-- '所有用户'  3    27
-- '活跃用户'  1    19
with t1 as (select distinct dt, user_id,age from test_sql.test5),
     t2 as (select *,row_number() over (partition by user_id order by dt) as rn from t1 ),
     t3 as (select *,date_sub(dt,rn) as dt2 from t2),
     t4 as (select dt2,user_id,age,count(1) cnt from t3 group by dt2,user_id,age),
     t5 as (select * from t4 where cnt>=2),
     t6 as (select distinct user_id,age from t5)
select '所有用户' as type, count(user_id) cnt,avg(age) as avg_age
from (select distinct user_id,age from test_sql.test5) t union all
select '活跃用户' as type, count(user_id) cnt,avg(age) as avg_age from t6;

-- 用思路2来分析连续2天登录
with t1 as (select distinct dt, user_id from test_sql.test5),
     t2 as (select *,
                   date_add(dt,1) as dt2,
                   lead(dt,1)over(partition by user_id order by dt) as dt3
              from t1)
select count(distinct user_id) from t2 where dt2=dt3;

-- 第6题：电商购买金额统计实战
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test6 (
		userid string,
		money decimal(10,2),
		paymenttime string,
		orderid string);

INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test6 VALUES('001',100,'2017-10-01','123'),
('001',200,'2017-10-02','124'),
('002',500,'2017-10-01','125'),
('001',100,'2017-11-01','126');

select * from test_sql.test6 order by userid,paymenttime;
--请用sql写出所有用户中在今年10月份第一次购买商品的金额，
select userid,paymenttime,money
from
(select *,
       row_number() over (partition by userid order by paymenttime) as rn
       from test_sql.test6 where date_format(paymenttime,'yyyy-MM')='2017-10' ) as t
where t.rn=1
;

-- 第7题：教育领域SQL实战
CREATE TABLE test_sql.book(book_id string,
		`SORT` string,
		book_name string,
		 writer string,
		 OUTPUT string,
		 price decimal(10,2));
INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.book VALUES
('001','TP391','信息处理','author1','机械工业出版社','20'),
('002','TP392','数据库','author12','科学出版社','15'),
('003','TP393','计算机网络','author3','机械工业出版社','29'),
('004','TP399','微机原理','author4','科学出版社','39'),
('005','C931','管理信息系统','author5','机械工业出版社','40'),
('006','C932','运筹学','author6','科学出版社','55');

CREATE TABLE test_sql.reader (reader_id string,
				company string,
				name string,
				sex string,
				grade string,
				addr string);
INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.reader VALUES
('0001','阿里巴巴','jack','男','vp','addr1'),
('0002','百度','robin','男','vp','addr2'),
('0003','腾讯','tony','男','vp','addr3'),
('0004','京东','jasper','男','cfo','addr4'),
('0005','网易','zhangsan','女','ceo','addr5'),
('0006','搜狐','lisi','女','ceo','addr6');


CREATE TABLE test_sql.borrow_log(reader_id string,
				book_id string,
				borrow_date string);

INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.borrow_log VALUES ('0001','002','2019-10-14'),
('0002','001','2019-10-13'),
('0003','005','2019-09-14'),
('0004','006','2019-08-15'),
('0005','003','2019-10-10'),
('0006','004','2019-17-13');

select * from test_sql.book;
select * from test_sql.reader;
select * from test_sql.borrow_log;

--（8）考虑到数据安全的需要，需定时将“借阅记录”中数据进行备份，请使用一条SQL语句，
-- 在备份用户bak下创建与“借阅记录”表结构完全一致的数据表BORROW_LOG_BAK.
-- 井且将“借阅记录”中现有数据全部复制到BORROW_L0G_ BAK中。
create table test_sql.BORROW_LOG_BAK as select * from test_sql.borrow_log;
select * from test_sql.BORROW_LOG_BAK;

--（9）现在需要将原Oracle数据库中数据迁移至Hive仓库，
-- 请写出“图书”在Hive中的建表语句（Hive实现，提示：列分隔符|；
-- 数据表数据需要外部导入：分区分别以month＿part、day＿part 命名）
CREATE TABLE test_sql.book2
(
    book_id   string,
    `SORT`    string,
    book_name string,
    writer    string,
    OUTPUT    string,
    price     decimal(10, 2)
)partitioned by (month_part string,day_part string )
    row format delimited fields terminated by '|';

--（10）Hive中有表A，现在需要将表A的月分区　201505　中　
-- user＿id为20000的user＿dinner字段更新为bonc8920，其他用户user＿dinner字段数据不变，
-- 请列出更新的方法步骤。（Hive实现，提示：Hive中无update语法，请通过其他办法进行数据更新）
--A
-- user_id   user_dinner  part
-- 20000        aaaaa     201505
-- 30000        bbbbb     201505

create table A (user_id int,user_dinner string) partitioned by (part string);
insert overwrite table A partition (part = '201505')
values (20000, 'aaaaa'),
       (30000, 'bbbbb'),
       (40000, 'ccccc');
select * from A;
--update A set user_dinner='bonc8920' where user_id=20000;

insert overwrite table A partition  (part = '201505')
select user_id, 'bonc8920' as user_dinner from A where user_id=20000 and part = '201505' union all
select user_id, user_dinner from A where user_id!=20000 and part = '201505'  ;


-- 第8题：服务日志SQL统计
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test8(`date` string,
				interface string,
				ip string);

INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test8 VALUES
('2016-11-09 11:22:05','/api/user/login','110.23.5.23'),
('2016-11-09 11:23:10','/api/user/detail','57.3.2.16'),
('2016-11-09 23:59:40','/api/user/login','200.6.5.166'),
('2016-11-09 11:14:23','/api/user/login','136.79.47.70'),
('2016-11-09 11:15:23','/api/user/detail','94.144.143.141'),
('2016-11-09 11:16:23','/api/user/login','197.161.8.206'),
('2016-11-09 12:14:23','/api/user/detail','240.227.107.145'),
('2016-11-09 13:14:23','/api/user/login','79.130.122.205'),
('2016-11-09 14:14:23','/api/user/detail','65.228.251.189'),
('2016-11-09 14:15:23','/api/user/detail','245.23.122.44'),
('2016-11-09 14:17:23','/api/user/detail','22.74.142.137'),
('2016-11-09 14:19:23','/api/user/detail','54.93.212.87'),
('2016-11-09 14:20:23','/api/user/detail','218.15.167.248'),
('2016-11-09 14:24:23','/api/user/detail','20.117.19.75'),
('2016-11-09 15:14:23','/api/user/login','183.162.66.97'),
('2016-11-09 16:14:23','/api/user/login','108.181.245.147'),
('2016-11-09 14:17:23','/api/user/login','22.74.142.137'),
('2016-11-09 14:19:23','/api/user/login','22.74.142.137');

select * from test_sql.test8;
--求11月9号下午14点（14-15点），访问/api/user/login接口的top10的ip地址
select ip, count(1) cnt
from test_sql.test8
where date_format(`date`, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH') = '2016-11-09 14'
  and interface = '/api/user/login'
group by ip
order by cnt desc
limit 10
;

-- 第9题：充值日志SQL实战
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test9(
			dist_id string COMMENT '区组id',
			account string COMMENT '账号',
		   `money` decimal(10,2) COMMENT '充值金额',
			create_time string COMMENT '订单时间');

INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test9 VALUES ('1','11',100006,'2019-01-02 13:00:01'),
 ('1','22',110000,'2019-01-02 13:00:02'),
 ('1','33',102000,'2019-01-02 13:00:03'),
 ('1','44',100300,'2019-01-02 13:00:04'),
 ('1','55',100040,'2019-01-02 13:00:05'),
 ('1','66',100005,'2019-01-02 13:00:06'),
 ('1','77',180000,'2019-01-03 13:00:07'),
 ('1','88',106000,'2019-01-02 13:00:08'),
 ('1','99',100400,'2019-01-02 13:00:09'),
 ('1','12',100030,'2019-01-02 13:00:10'),
 ('1','13',100003,'2019-01-02 13:00:20'),
 ('1','14',100020,'2019-01-02 13:00:30'),
 ('1','15',100500,'2019-01-02 13:00:40'),
 ('1','16',106000,'2019-01-02 13:00:50'),
 ('1','17',100800,'2019-01-02 13:00:59'),
 ('2','18',100800,'2019-01-02 13:00:11'),
 ('2','19',100030,'2019-01-02 13:00:12'),
 ('2','10',100000,'2019-01-02 13:00:13'),
 ('2','45',100010,'2019-01-02 13:00:14'),
 ('2','78',100070,'2019-01-02 13:00:15');

select * from test_sql.test9 order by dist_id , money desc;
--请写出SQL语句，查询充值日志表2019年01月02号每个区组下充值额最大的账号，要求结果：
--区组id，账号，金额，充值时间
select * from
(select *,
       row_number() over (partition by dist_id order by money desc) rn
from  test_sql.test9 where to_date(create_time)='2019-01-02') t
where t.rn=1;

-- 第10题：电商分组TopK实战
CREATE TABLE test_sql.test10(
	`dist_id` string COMMENT '区组id',
	`account` string COMMENT '账号',
	`gold` int COMMENT '金币');

INSERT INTO TABLE test_sql.test10 VALUES ('1','77',18),
 ('1','88',106),
 ('1','99',10),
 ('1','12',13),
 ('1','13',14),
 ('1','14',25),
 ('1','15',36),
 ('1','16',12),
 ('1','17',158),
 ('2','18',12),
 ('2','19',44),
 ('2','10',66),
 ('2','45',80),
 ('2','78',98);

select * from test_sql.test10;

select * from
(select *,
       row_number() over (partition by dist_id order by gold desc) rn
from  test_sql.test10  ) t
where t.rn<=10;

行转列(转置)

• 行转列的常规做法是，group by+sum(if())【或count(if())】

与行转列，对应相反的是，列转行，此时用explode+侧视图

华泰证券1

已知

year	month	amount
1991	1	1.1
1991	2	1.2
1991	3	1.3
1991	4	1.4
1992	1	2.1
1992	2	2.2
1992	3	2.3
1992	4	2.4

查成这样一个结果

year	m1	m2	m3	m4
1991	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4
1992	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4

解答

• use test_sql;
  set hive.exec.mode.local.auto=true;
  create table table2(year int,month int ,amount double) ;
   insert overwrite table table2 values
             (1991,1,1.1),
             (1991,2,1.2),
             (1991,3,1.3),
             (1991,4,1.4),
             (1992,1,2.1),
             (1992,2,2.2),
             (1992,3,2.3),
             (1992,4,2.4);
  select * from table2;
  
  
  --行转列
  --常规做法是，group by+sum(if())
  --SQLserver中有pivot专门用来行转列
  --原始写法
  select year,
         sum(a) as m1,
         sum(b) as m2,
         sum(c) as m3,
         sum(d) as m4
  from
      (select *,
              if(month=1,amount,0) a,
              if(month=2,amount,0) b,
              if(month=3,amount,0) c,
              if(month=4,amount,0) d
       from table2) t
  group by t.year
  ;
  --简化写法
  select year,
         sum(if(month=1,amount,0)) m1,
         sum(if(month=2,amount,0)) m2,
         sum(if(month=3,amount,0)) m3,
         sum(if(month=4,amount,0)) m4
  from table2
  group by year;
  
  

华泰证券2

• 查询课程编号“2”的成绩比课程编号“1”低的所有同学的学号、姓名。

• 【这是行转列的衍生题】

• create table student(sid int, sname string, gender string, class_id int);
  insert overwrite table student
  values (1, '张三', '女', 1),
         (2, '李四', '女', 1),
         (3, '王五', '男', 2);
  
  select * from student;
  
  create table  course (cid int, cname string, teacher_id int);
  insert overwrite table course
  values (1, '生物', 1),
         (2, '体育', 1),
         (3, '物理', 2);
  select * from course;
  
  create table score (sid int, student_id int, course_id int, number int);
  insert overwrite table score
  values (1, 1, 1, 58),
         (4, 1, 2, 50),
         (2, 1, 2, 68),
         (3, 2, 2, 89);
  select * from score;
  
  with t1 as(
      select student_id,
         sum(if(course_id=2,number,0)) as pe, --体育
         sum(if(course_id=1,number,0)) as bio --生物
  from score
  group by student_id
  having pe<bio)
  select sid, sname
  from t1
  join student
  on t1.student_id = sid
  ;
  
  

腾讯游戏

表table如下：

DDate	shengfu
2015-05-09	胜
2015-05-09	胜
2015-05-09	负
2015-05-09	负
2015-05-10	胜
2015-05-10	负
2015-05-10	负

如果要生成下列结果, 该如何写sql语句?

DDate	胜	负
2015-05-09	2	2
2015-05-10	1	2

--建表
create table table1(DDate string, shengfu string) ;
insert overwrite table table1 values ('2015-05-09', "胜"),
       ('2015-05-09', "胜"),
       ('2015-05-09', "负"),
       ('2015-05-09', "负"),
       ('2015-05-10', "胜"),
       ('2015-05-10', "负"),
       ('2015-05-10', "负");

select DDate,
       SUM(case when shengfu = '胜' then 1 else 0 end) `胜`,
       SUM(case when shengfu = '负' then 1 else 0 end) `负`
from table1
group by DDate;

腾讯QQ

假设tableA如表5, tableB如表6,

表5

qq号（字段名：qq）	游戏（字段名：game）
10000	a
10000	b
10000	c
20000	c
20000	d

表6

qq号（字段名：qq）	游戏（字段名：game）
10000	a_b_c
20000	c_d

请写出以下sql逻辑：

a, 将tableA输出为tableB的格式； 【行转列】

b, 将tableB输出为tableA的格式; 【列转行】

create table tableA(qq string, game string) 
insert overwrite table tableA values 
       (10000, 'a'),
       (10000, 'b'),
       (10000, 'c'),
       (20000, 'c'),
       (20000, 'd');

create table tableB(qq string, game string) ;
insert overwrite table tableB values 
(10000, 'a_b_c'),
(20000, 'c_d');
       
--将tableA输出为tableB的格式；  
select qq,
       concat_ws('_', collect_list(game)) game
from tableA
group by qq;   
       
--将tableB输出为tableA的格式;    
select qq,
       tmp.game
from tableB lateral view explode(split(game, '_')) tmp as game;

连续N天登陆

• 思路分析过程

  • 

  • --核心代码
    ->distinct
    -> row_number 
    -> date_sub(dt,rn) as dt2
    -> group by dt2,name 
    -> where count(1)>=N天 
    -> distinct name 
    -> count(name)
    
    

  • 思路2

  • 

  • --核心代码 N表示天数
    ->distinct
    ->date_add(dt,N-1) as date2
    ->lead(dt,N-1) over(partition by userid order by dt) as date3
    ->where date2=date3
    ->distinct
    
    

OPPO

3、以下为用户登陆游戏的日期，用一条sQL语句查询出连续三天登录的人员姓名

name	date
张三	2021-01-01
张三	2021-01-02
张三	2021-01-03
张三	2021-01-02
李四	2021-01-01
李四	2021-01-02
王五	2021-01-03
王五	2021-01-02
王五	2021-01-02

create table game(name string,  `date` string);
insert overwrite table game values
('张三','2021-01-01'),
('张三','2021-01-02'),
('张三','2021-01-03'),
('张三','2021-01-02'),

('张三','2021-01-07'),
('张三','2021-01-08'),
('张三','2021-01-09'),

('李四','2021-01-01'),
('李四','2021-01-02'),
('王五','2021-01-03'),
('王五','2021-01-02'),
('王五','2021-01-02');
with t1 as ( select distinct  name,date from game),
     t2 as ( select *,
                    row_number() over (partition by name order by date) rn
         from t1),
     t3 as ( select *,date_sub(date,rn) date2 from t2 )
     select distinct name from t3 group by name,date2 having count(1)>=3;
     
     
--方案二
select * from game;
with t1 as (
    select distinct name,`date` from game
),
    t2 as (
        select *,
               date_add(`date`,3-1) as date2,
               lead(`date`,3-1) over(partition by name order by `date`) as date3
          from t1
    )
select distinct name from t2 where date2=date3;
--方案二的写法2
with t1 as (
    select distinct name,`date` from game
),
    t2 as (
        select *,
               lead(`date`,3-1) over(partition by name order by `date`) as date3
          from t1
    )
select distinct name from t2 where datediff(date3,`date`)=2 ;

脉脉

用户每日登陆脉脉会访问app不同的模块，现有两个表

表1记录了每日脉脉活跃用户的uid和不同模块的活跃时长

表2记录了脉脉所有注册用户的一些属性

表1：maimai.dau

d	uid	module	active_duration	列说明
2020-01-01	1	jobs	324	d：活跃的日期uid：用户的唯一编码module：用户活跃模块actre.duration：该模块下对应的活跃时长（单位：s）
2020-01-01	2	feeds	445
2020-01-01	3	im	345
2020-01-02	2	network	765
2020-01-02	3	jobs	342
…	…	…	…

在过去一个月内,曾连续两天活跃的用户

-- 建表
-- 表1 dau   记录了每日脉脉活跃用户的uid和不同模块的活跃时长
create table dau(d string, uid int, module string, active_duration int);
insert overwrite table dau
values ('2020-01-01', 1, 'jobs', 324),
       ('2020-01-01', 2, 'feeds', 445),
       ('2020-01-01', 3, 'im', 345),
       ('2020-01-02', 2, 'network', 765),
       ('2020-01-02', 3, 'jobs', 342);
select *from dau;


with t1 as (
    select DISTINCT d, uid from dau),
     t2 as (
         select *,
                date_sub(d, (row_number() over (partition by uid order by d))) dis
         from t1
         where d <= `current_date`()
           and d >= date_sub((`current_date`()), 30)),
t3 as (
    select uid,
           min(d)   `开始日期`,
           max(d)   `结束日期`,
           count(1) `连续登入天数`
    from t2
    group by uid,dis
    having count(*) >= 2 
)
select DISTINCT uid from t3 ;

广州银行

有一张表C_T（列举了部分数据）表示持卡人消费记录，表结构如下：

CARD NER	VARCHAR2	卡号，
C_MONTH	NUMBER	消费月份，
C_DATE	DATE	消费日期，
C_TYPEVAR	CHAR2	消费类型
C_ATM	NUMBER	消费金额

每个月每张卡连续消费的最大天数（如卡在当月只有一次消费则为1）。

连续消费天数：指一楼时间内连续每天都有消费，同一天有多笔消费算一天消费，不能跨月份统计。

create table c_t
(
    card_nbr string,
    c_month  string,
    c_date   string,
    c_type   string,
    c_atm    decimal
);
insert overwrite table c_t values
                               (1,'2022-01','2022-01-01','网购',100),
                               (1,'2022-01','2022-01-02','网购',200),
                               (1,'2022-01','2022-01-03','网购',300),
                               (1,'2022-01','2022-01-15','网购',100),
                               (1,'2022-01','2022-01-16','网购',200),
                               (2,'2022-01','2022-01-06','网购',500),
                               (2,'2022-01','2022-01-07','网购',800),
                               (1,'2022-02','2022-02-01','网购',100),
                               (1,'2022-02','2022-02-02','网购',200),
                               (1,'2022-02','2022-02-03','网购',300),
                               (2,'2022-02','2022-02-06','网购',500),
                               (2,'2022-02','2022-02-07','网购',800);
with t1 as (select distinct card_nbr,c_month,c_date from c_t),
     t2 as (select *,row_number() over (partition by card_nbr,c_month order by c_date) rn from t1  ),
     t3 as (select *,date_sub(c_date,rn) dt2 from t2  ),
     t4 as (select  dt2,card_nbr,c_month,count(1) as cnt from t3 group by dt2,card_nbr,c_month),
     t5 as ( select *,row_number() over (partition by card_nbr,c_month order by cnt desc) as rn from t4)
select card_nbr,c_month,cnt from t5 where rn=1

N日留存率

• 核心代码

• -> where 日期 in (首日,1天后,7天后)
  -> group by 用户
  ->count(if(日期=首日,1,null))  as cnt
    count(if(日期=1天后,1,null)) as cnt2
    count(if(日期=7天后,1,null)) as cnt8
  ->having cnt>0
  ->count(user_id) as 首日总数
    count(if(cnt2>0,1,null)) as 次日留存数
    count(if(cnt8>0,1,null)) as 7日留存数
  ->次日留存数/首日总数 as 次日留存率
    7日留存数/首日总数 as 7日留存率
  

• 先按用户分组，得到每个用户的各相关日期的登录情况。

  • select cuid,
           count(if(event_day='2020-04-01',1,null)) as cnt,
           count(if(event_day='2020-04-02',1,null)) as cnt2,
           count(if(event_day='2020-04-08',1,null)) as cnt8
      from tb_cuid_1d
      --提前过滤数据
      where event_day in ('2020-04-01','2020-04-02','2020-04-08')
    group by cuid
    -- 2020-04-01必须登录，剔除掉2020-04-01没登录的
    having cnt>0
    

    效果如下

• 

• 再对上面的用户汇总

  • select count(cnt) as uv,
           count(if(cnt2!=0,1,null)) as uv2,
           count(if(cnt8!=0,1,null)) as uv8
    

  • 

• 最后再用 【后续日期的留存数】除以【首日总数】，就是【留存率】

• 方案二，性能慢，但是步骤比较简单

  select count(a.cuid) uv,
         count(b.cuid) uv2,
         count(c.cuid) uv7
  from (select distinct event_day, cuid from tb_cuid_1d where event_day='首日') as a
  left join (select distinct event_day, cuid from tb_cuid_1d where event_day='次日') as b on a.cuid=b.cuid
  left join (select distinct event_day, cuid from tb_cuid_1d where event_day='7日后') as c on a.cuid=c.cuid;
  

腾讯视频号游戏直播

表：tableA

ds(日期)	device	user_id	is_active
2020-03-01	ios	0001	0
2020-03-01	ios	0002	1
2020-03-01	android	0003	1
2020-03-02	ios	0001	0
2020-03-02	ios	0002	0
2020-03-02	android	0003	1

20200301的ios设备用户活跃的次日留存率是多少？

use test_sql;
set hive.exec.mode.local.auto=true;
--腾讯视频号游戏直播
drop table if exists tableA;
create table tableA
(ds string comment '(日期)'  ,device string,user_id string,is_active int) ;
insert overwrite table  tableA values
('2020-03-01','ios','0001',0),
('2020-03-01','ios','0002',1),
('2020-03-01','ios','0004',1),
('2020-03-01','android','0003',1),
('2020-03-02','ios','0001',0),
('2020-03-02','ios','0002',0),
('2020-03-02','android','0003',1),
('2020-03-02','ios','0005',1) ,
('2020-03-02','ios','0004',1) ;



--方案1，过程见下面的顺序编号
with t1 as (
    select user_id,
           --3-一个用户如果在'2020-03-01'活跃，则cnt1>0
           count(if(ds = '2020-03-01', 1, null)) cnt1,
           --4-一个用户如果在'2020-03-02'活跃，则cnt2>0
           count(if(ds = '2020-03-02' and is_active = 1, 1, null)) cnt2
    from tableA
    --1-预先全局过滤
    where device = 'ios'
      and ( (ds='2020-03-01' and is_active = 1) or ds='2020-03-02')
    --2-按用户分组
    group by user_id
    --6-只筛选'2020-03-01'活跃的用户，他在'2020-03-02'是否活跃，看cnt2=0则不活跃，>0则活跃
    having cnt1 > 0
)
select count(cnt1)                               sum1,--'2020-03-01'的活跃数
       count(if(cnt2 > 0, user_id, null))        sum2,----并且在次日依然活跃的用户数
       count(if(cnt2 > 0, user_id, null)) / count(cnt1) rate--次日留存率
from t1;

百度

有1张表

create table if not exists tb_cuid_1d
(
    cuid         string comment '用户的唯一标识',
    os           string comment '平台',
    soft_version string comment '版本',
    event_day    string comment '日期',
    visit_time    int comment '用户访问时间戳',
    duration     decimal comment '用户访问时长',
    ext          array<string> comment '扩展字段'
);
insert overwrite table tb_cuid_1d values
 (1,'android',1,'2020-04-01',1234567,100,`array`('')),
 (1,'android',1,'2020-04-02',1234567,100,`array`('')),
 (1,'android',1,'2020-04-08',1234567,100,`array`('')),
 (2,'android',1,'2020-04-01',1234567,100,`array`('')),
 (3,'android',1,'2020-04-02',1234567,100,`array`(''));
 
 

写出用户表 tb_cuid_1d的 20200401 的次日、次7日留存的具体HQL ：

一条sql统计出以下指标 （4.1号uv，4.1号在4.2号的留存uv，4.1号在4.8号的留存uv）;

--一个理解简单，但是性能不快的做法
select count(a.cuid) uv,
       count(b.cuid) uv2,
       count(c.cuid) uv7
from (select distinct event_day, cuid from tb_cuid_1d where event_day='2020-04-01') as a
left join (select distinct event_day, cuid from tb_cuid_1d where event_day='2020-04-02') as b on a.cuid=b.cuid
left join (select distinct event_day, cuid from tb_cuid_1d where event_day='2020-04-08') as c on a.cuid=c.cuid;
--另一个理解稍微复杂，但是性能快的做法
with t1 as (
    select cuid,
           count(if(event_day='2020-04-01',1,null)) as cnt1,
           count(if(event_day='2020-04-02',1,null)) as cnt2,
           count(if(event_day='2020-04-08',1,null)) as cnt8
     from tb_cuid_1d
     where event_day in ('2020-04-01','2020-04-02','2020-04-08')
     group by cuid
     having cnt1 >0
),
     t2 as (select count(cuid)                  as uv1,
                   count(if(cnt2 > 0, 1, null)) as uv2,
                   count(if(cnt8 > 0, 1, null)) as uv7
            from t1
            )
select *,
       uv2 / uv1 as `次日留存率`,
       uv7 / uv1 as `7日留存率`
from t2

窗口函数

• 窗口函数最重要的特点是有over关键字，代表定义窗口
  • 函数名(字段名) over(partition by xxx,yyy order by zzz)
• 常见的窗口函数也就只有3大类
  • 第一大类、聚合类的窗口函数【也就只有5个】
    • sum() over()
    • count/avg/max/min
  • 第二大类、排序类的窗口函数【也就只有3个】
    • row_number，rank，dense_rank
  • 第三大类、偏移类的，跨行的【也就只有2个】
    • lag / lead
  • 其他用的极少【仅了解】
    • first_value、last_value、ntile
• 所以企业中用的最多的也就是sum，count，row_number

交通银行

Emp表的表数据如下：

NAME	MONTH	AMT
张三	01	100
李四	02	120
王五	03	150
赵六	04	500
张三	05	400
李四	06	350
王五	07	180
赵六	08	400

问题：请写出可以得到以下的结果SQL

NAME	总金额	排名	占比
赵六	900	1	40.91%
张三	500	2	22.73%
李四	470	3	21.36%
王五	330	4	15.00%

create table emp(name string , month string, amt int);
insert overwrite table emp values ('张三', '01', 100),
       ('李四', '02', 120),
       ('王五', '03', 150),
       ('赵六', '04', 500),
       ('张三', '05', 400),
       ('李四', '06', 350),
       ('王五', '07', 180),
       ('赵六', '08', 400);
--rank 1224
--dense_rank 1223
with t1 as (select name,
                   sum(amt) as sum_amt
            from emp
            group by name),
     t2 as (
         select name,
                sum_amt,
                row_number() over (order by sum_amt desc) rn,
                sum_amt/sum(sum_amt) over () as rate
         from t1
     )
select name, sum_amt, rn, concat(round(rate*100,2),'%') rate from t2

跨越物流

题目描述

在员工表的基础上，统计每年入职总数以及截至本年累计入职总人数。

截至本年累计入职总人数=本年总入职人数 + 本年之前所有年的总入职人数之和

结果

create table emp(empno string ,ename string,hiredate string,sal int ,deptno string);
insert overwrite table emp values
('7521', 'WARD', '1981-2-22', 1250, 30),
('7566', 'JONES', '1981-4-2', 2975, 20),
('7876', 'ADAMS', '1987-7-13', 1100, 20),
('7369', 'SMITH', '1980-12-17', 800, 20),
('7934', 'MILLER', '1982-1-23', 1300, 10),
('7844', 'TURNER', '1981-9-8', 1500, 30),
('7782', 'CLARK', '1981-6-9', 2450, 10),
('7839', 'KING', '1981-11-17', 5000, 10),
('7902', 'FORD', '1981-12-3', 3000, 20),
('7499', 'ALLEN', '1981-2-20', 1600, 30),
('7654', 'MARTIN', '1981-9-28', 1250, 30),
('7900', 'JAMES', '1981-12-3', 950, 30),
('7788', 'SCOTT', '1987-7-13', 3000, 20),
('7698', 'BLAKE', '1981-5-1', 2850, 30);
select *,
       sum(cnt) over (order by year1) cnt2
from
(select year(hiredate) as year1,
       count(1) as cnt
from emp
group by year(hiredate)) a;

广州银行

假设有商品表goods，数据如下

Goods_type	goods_name	price	goods_flag
手机	华为mate	2999
手机	苹果phoneX	7999
手机	荣耀V10	2399
水果	车厘子	79
水果	葡萄	18
水果	苹果	12
电脑	金士顿16G	499

根据商品大类Goods_type对商品金额price从小到大排序，前30%为低挡，30%~85%为中档，高于85%为高档，打上标签。

drop table if exists goods;
create table goods(goods_type string,goods_name string ,price int);
insert overwrite table goods
values ('手机', '华为保时捷折叠手机', 12000),
       ('手机', '苹果phoneX', 7999),
       ('手机', '华为mate', 2999),
       ('手机', '荣耀V10', 2399),
       ('水果', '榴莲', 60),
       ('水果', '车厘子', 40),
       ('水果', '葡萄', 18),
       ('水果', '苹果', 12),
       ('电脑', '金士顿16G', 499);

select *,
       rn / cnt as rate,
       case
           when rn / cnt < 0.3 then '低挡'
           when rn / cnt >= 0.3 and rn / cnt < 0.85 then '中挡'
           when rn / cnt >= 0.85 then '高挡'
       end flag
from (
         select *,
                row_number() over (partition by goods_type order by price) rn,
                count(1) over (partition by goods_type)                     cnt
         from goods
     ) t1;

分组内top前几

• 需求常见词：

  • 【每组xxx内按yyy排序的前n个zzz】
  • 【每组xxx内按yyy排序的第1个zzz】
  • 【每组xxx内按yyy排序的最后1个zzz】
  • 特点是yyy和zzz是不同的字段。
  • 比如：班内按性别xxx分组，组内按身高yyy排序，每个性别组的前3个学生姓名zzz

• 公式：

  select * 
  from 
  (select zzz,
        row_number() over(partition by 组名xxx order by yyy)  as rn
  from table) as t
  where  rn<=N名
  

跨越物流

员工表结构

员工表数据

题目描述

求出每个部门工资最高的前三名员工，并计算这些员工的工资占所属部门总工资的百分比。

结果

create table emp(empno string ,ename string,hiredate string,sal int ,deptno string);
insert overwrite table emp values
('7521', 'WARD', '1981-2-22', 1250, 30),
('7566', 'JONES', '1981-4-2', 2975, 20),
('7876', 'ADAMS', '1987-7-13', 1100, 20),
('7369', 'SMITH', '1980-12-17', 800, 20),
('7934', 'MILLER', '1982-1-23', 1300, 10),
('7844', 'TURNER', '1981-9-8', 1500, 30),
('7782', 'CLARK', '1981-6-9', 2450, 10),
('7839', 'KING', '1981-11-17', 5000, 10),
('7902', 'FORD', '1981-12-3', 3000, 20),
('7499', 'ALLEN', '1981-2-20', 1600, 30),
('7654', 'MARTIN', '1981-9-28', 1250, 30),
('7900', 'JAMES', '1981-12-3', 950, 30),
('7788', 'SCOTT', '1987-7-13', 3000, 20),
('7698', 'BLAKE', '1981-5-1', 2850, 30);

select * from emp;

--求出每个部门工资最高的前三名员工，并计算这些员工的工资占所属部门总工资的百分比。
select a.empno,
       a.sal,
       a.deptno,
       a.rn,
       a.sum_sal,
       round(a.sal/a.sum_sal,2) as rate
from
(select *,
--每个部门工资排名
         row_number() over (partition by deptno order by sal desc) as rn, 
--每个部门的总工资
         sum(sal) over(partition by deptno ) as sum_sal 
from emp) a
where rn<=3;

小米电商

订单表，torder. 字段，user_id, order_id, c_date，city_id，sale_num，sku_id (商品)

问题：20201201至今每日订单量top3的城市及其订单量(订单量对order_id去重)(在线写)

drop table if exists t_order;
create table t_order (user_id string,
                      order_id string,
                      c_date string,
                      city_id string,
                      sale_num int ,
                      sku_id string) ;
insert overwrite table t_order values
('zs','001','2020-12-01','杭州',2,'鞋子'),
('ls','002','2020-12-01','杭州',1,'衣服'),
('ww','003','2020-12-01','杭州',1,'小米12'),
('zl','004','2020-12-01','杭州',1,'小米11'),
('zs','005','2020-12-01','上海',2,'鞋子'),
('zs','005','2020-12-01','上海',2,'裤子'),
('ls','006','2020-12-01','上海',1,'衣服'),
('ww','007','2020-12-01','上海',1,'小米12'),
('zs','008','2020-12-01','武汉',2,'鞋子'),
('ls','009','2020-12-01','武汉',1,'衣服'),
('zs','010','2020-12-01','长沙',2,'鞋子'),

('zs','011','2020-12-02','上海',2,'鞋子'),
('ls','012','2020-12-02','上海',1,'衣服'),
('ww','013','2020-12-02','上海',1,'小米12'),
('zl','014','2020-12-02','上海',1,'小米11'),
('zs','015','2020-12-02','广州',2,'鞋子'),
('ls','016','2020-12-02','广州',1,'衣服'),
('ww','017','2020-12-02','广州',1,'小米12'),
('zs','018','2020-12-02','武汉',2,'鞋子'),
('ls','019','2020-12-02','武汉',1,'衣服');

select *from t_order;

with t1 as (select c_date, city_id, count(distinct order_id) cnt
            from t_order
            where c_date >= '2020-12-01'
              and c_date <= `current_date`()
            group by c_date, city_id),
     t2 as (select *, row_number() over (partition by c_date order by cnt desc) rn from t1)
select c_date, city_id, cnt,rn
from t2
where rn <= 3;

带条件的聚合统计

• 一般的做法是group by xx,yy 再多次的sum(if(......))
• 好处是避免多次加载表，可以只加载一次表就得到多个指标。

每个客户的移动数、固话数和宽带数

腾讯数据提取

用户行为表：t_user_video_action_d分区：ds（格式 yyyyMMdd）

主键：user_id、video_id

含义：一个 user 对一个视频的所有行为聚合，每天增量字段：

字段名	字段含义	类型
user_id	用户 id	string
video_id	视频 id	string
expose_cnt	曝光次数	int
like_cnt	点赞次数	int

视频表：t_video_d

分区：ds（格式 yyyyMMdd）主键：video_id

含义：当天全量视频数据字段：

字段名	字段含义	类型	枚举
video_id	视频 id	string
video_type	视频类型	string	娱乐、新闻、搞笑
video_user_id	视频创建者 user_id	string
video_create_time	视频创建时间	bigint

作者表：t_video_user_d

分区：ds（格式 yyyyMMdd）主键：video_user_id

含义：当天全量视频创建者数据

字段名	字段含义	类型	枚举
video_user_id	视频创建者 user_id	string
video_user_name	名称	string
video_user_type	视频创建者类型	string	娱乐、新闻、搞笑

需求方需要视频号搞笑类型视频的曝光点赞时长等数据，请提供一张 ads 表。搞笑类型视频定义：视频类型为搞笑或者视频创建者类型为搞笑

需要产出字段：视频 id，视频创建者 user_id，视频创建者名称、当天曝光次数、当天点赞次数、近 30 天曝光次数、近 30 天点赞次数

 
create table if not exists t_user_video_action_d
(
    user_id    string comment "用户id",
    video_id   string comment "视频id",
    expose_cnt int comment "曝光次数",
    like_cnt   int comment "点赞次数"
) partitioned by (ds string);

drop table t_video_d;
create table if not exists t_video_d
(
    video_id          string comment '视频id',
    video_type        string comment '视频类型',
    video_user_id     string comment '视频创建者user_id',
    video_create_time bigint comment '视频创建时间'
) partitioned by (ds string);

create table if not exists t_video_user_d
(
    video_user_id   string comment '视频创建者user_id',
    video_user_name string comment '名称',
    video_user_type string comment '视频创建者类型'
) partitioned by (ds string);


--假设当天是2022-07-31
select t1.*,
       t2.video_user_id,
       t2.video_user_name
from (select video_id,
             sum(case when ds = '2022-07-30' then expose_cnt else 0 end),--当天曝光次数、
             sum(case when ds = '2022-07-30' then like_cnt else 0 end),-- 当天点赞次数、
             sum(expose_cnt) as sum_expose,-- 近 30 天曝光次数、
             sum(like_cnt)-- 近 30 天点赞次数
      from t_user_video_action_d
      where ds between '2022-07-01' and '2022-07-30'
      group by video_id) as t1
join (select d.video_id, d.video_user_id, u.video_user_name
   from t_video_d d
   join t_video_user_d u on d.video_user_id = u.video_user_id
   where (d.video_type like '%搞笑%' or u.video_user_type like '%搞笑%')
     and d.ds = '2022-07-30'
     and u.ds = '2022-07-30') as t2 on t1.video_id = t2.video_id

小米电商

要求：编写SQL能运行，数据正确且符合规范，如遇到自定义函数或不记得的函数可以用XX代替

1.已知有如下两个表表sale：字段如下

Create table sale_order(
    Order_id bigint comment '订单ID',
    User_id bigint comment '用户ID',
    Order_status int,
    Create_time string,
    Last_update_time string,
    Product_id bigint,
    Product_num bigint 
);
insert overwrite table sale_order values
(1,88,2,'2023-12-05','2023-12-05',6,2),
(2,88,2,'2023-11-18','2023-11-18',7,8),
(3,88,2,'2023-11-19','2023-11-19',5,4),
(4,88,2,'2023-11-20','2023-11-20',3,9),
(5,88,2,'2023-12-06','2023-12-06',7,8),
(6,88,2,'2023-12-07','2023-12-07',7,8);

用户注册表：

Create table user_info(
    user_id bigint comment'用户ID，唯一主键',
    sex string.
    age int
);
insert overwrite table user_info values(88,'M',24);

问题：用一条SQL生成完整的用户画像表，包含如下字段：

user_id, sex, age, d7order_num, d14_order_num，后面两个字段分别为近7天订单数量，近14天订单数量。

-- 方法一
select u.user_id,
       s.d7order_num,
       s.d14order_num
from user_info u
left join (select user_id,
                  count(if(create_time >= '7天前'  and create_time <= '今天', order_id,null)) as d7order_num,
                  count(if(create_time >= '14天前' and create_time <= '今天', order_id,null)) as d14order_num
           from sale_order
           where create_time >= '14天前'
           group by user_id) s on u.user_id = s.user_id;
           
-- 方法二
-- user_id,  sex,  age,  d7order_num,   d14_order_num，
-- 后面两个字段分别为近7天订单数量，近14天订单数量。
select
    t2.user_id,
    t2.sex,
    t2.age,
    t1.day7_cnt d7_order_num,
    t1.day14_cnt d14_order_num
from(
select
     User_id,
     count(if(Create_time between date_sub(`current_date`(),6) and `current_date`(),1,null)) as day7_cnt,
     count(if(Create_time between date_sub(`current_date`(),13) and `current_date`(),1,null)) as day14_cnt
    from sale_order
group by User_id) t1
join
    (
      select *
      from user_info
   ) t2 on t1.User_id=t2.user_id;

join系列

inner join

内连接，两张表中，有关联的记录全部显示，没有关联的数据全部不显示

select *
    from scott.all_users a
inner join scott.debt d on a.id = d.user_id;

left join

左连接，以左表为主进行连接，左表有关联以及没关联的数据都显示，而右表只显示有关联的记录。

select
      a.*,
      if(b.type is not null,'YES','NO') flag
from all_users a
left join back_list b on  a.id=b.id;

right join

右连接，以右表为主进行连接，右表有关联以及没关联的数据都显示，而左表只显示有关联的记录。

select
      a.*,
      if(b.type is not null,'YES','NO') flag
from back_list b
right join all_user a on  a.id=b.id;

left semi join

只显示左表有关联记录，左表无关联及右表所有字段全部不显示！

select
      a.*
from all_users a
left semi join back_list b on  a.id=b.id;

left anti join

只显示左表无关联的数据，左表有关联及右表所有字段全部不显示。

select
      a.*
from all_users a
left anti join back_list b on  a.id=b.id;

full join

左右两个表所有字段都显示，无关联字段记录也照常显示。

select
    distinct nvl( d.user_id,d2.user_id),
    nvl(d2.amount,0) as deposition_amount,
    nvl(d.amount,0) as debt_amount
from debt d full join scott.deposit d2 on d.user_id = d2.user_id;

• 面试题

表结构如下：

desc	dm_paid_buy
#dm_paid_buy	角色使用付费元宝购买商城道具时候记录一条
#dm_free_buy	角色使用免费元宝购买商城道具时候记录一条

• sql编写

drop table if exists scott.dm_paid_buy;
create table if not exists scott.dm_paid_buy
(
    `time` bigint comment '#购买的时间戳',
    server_id string comment '#服务器ID',
    role_id int comment '#服务器ID',
    `cost` int comment '#角色ID',
    item_id int comment  '#购买对应道具消耗的付费元宝数量',
    amount int comment '#购买对应元宝的数据',
    p_date string comment '#登录日期,yyyy-MM-dd'
)comment '角色使用付费元宝购买商城道具时候记录一条';
insert into table scott.dm_paid_buy values
(1234567,'120',10098,2,3,4,'2021-01-01'),
(1234567,'120',10098,4,3,5,'2021-01-01'),
(1234567,'123',10098,3,3,2,'2021-01-02'),
(1234567,'123',10098,2,3,2,'2021-01-02');

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
drop table if exists scott.dm_free_buy;
create table  if not exists scott.dm_free_buy(
    `time` bigint comment '#购买的时间戳',
    server_id string comment '服务器ID',
    role_id int comment '角色ID',
    cost int comment '购买对应道具消耗的免费元宝数量',
    item_id int comment '购买对应道具的id',
    amount int comment '购买对应道具的数量',
    p_date string comment '登录日期,yyyy-MM-dd'
)comment '角色使用免费元宝购买商城道具时候记录一条';

insert into scott.dm_free_buy values
(1234567,123,10098,8,3,4,'2021-01-01'),
(1234567,123,10098,5,3,5,'2021-01-01'),
(1234567,120,10098,6,3,4,'2021-01-01'),
(1234567,120,10098,9,3,5,'2021-01-01'),
(1234567,123,10098,18,3,2,'2021-01-02'),
(1234567,123,10098,7,3,2,'2021-01-02');
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select
    nvl(t1.p_date,t2.p_date),
    nvl(t1.server_id,t2.server_id),
    nvl(t1.role_id,t2.role_id),
    nvl(t1.pid_cost/t2.free_cost,0) rate
from (select p_date,
             server_id,
             role_id,
             sum(cost) pid_cost
      from scott.dm_paid_buy
      where p_date >= '2021-01-01'
        and p_date <= '2021-01-07'
      group by role_id, p_date, server_id
) t1
    full join
(
select
    p_date,
    server_id,
    role_id,
    sum(cost) free_cost
from scott.dm_free_buy
where p_date>='2021-01-01' and p_date<='2021-01-07'
group by role_id,p_date,server_id
) t2 on t1.role_id=t2.role_id and t1.p_date=t2.p_date and t1.server_id=t2.server_id;

join优化

通用口诀：先用where或group by减少数据量，再join联表查询。

-- 优化前：
select b.userid,
b.username,
sum(XX),
count(XX)
from a [比如交易明细事实表]
join b [比如客户维度信息表]
on a.userid=b.userid
where b.yy<条件
group By b.userid,b.username
having count(a.xx)>10;
-- 优化后：
select b.userid,
b.username,
s,
cnt
-- 提前减少a表数据量
from (
select userid,
    sum(XX) cnt
    from a group by userid having count(a.xx)>10)a
-- 提前减少b表数据量
join (select * from b where b.yy<条件)b
on a.userid=b.userid;

• 面试题（请编写sql统计在9月份开户且账户余额不为0的有效客户数。）

-- 创建表1
    create table if not exists  T1(
        Rec_no string comment '顾客编号',
        Cli_no string comment '客户编号',
        Cust_type string comment '客户类型',
        cre_dt string comment '创建时间',
        cus_sts string comment '客户状态'
    );
insert into table T1 values
                         ('123','111111','01','2010-11-15','Y'),
                         ('234','222222','02','2011-09-01','Y'),
                         ('345','333333','02','2021-01-09','Y'),
                         ('456','444444','01','2012-09-08','Y');

-- 创建表2
create table  if not exists T2(
    Ci_no string comment '客户编号',
    Ac_no string comment '账户号',
    bal decimal(15,2) comment '存款余额'
) ;
insert overwrite table T2 values ('222222','123456789',1000.28), ('222222','123456789',1000.28), ('333333','123454321',5000.00);
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 请编写sql统计在9月份开户且账户余额不为0的有效客户数。
-- 常规方法
select
     Cli_no,
     count(distinct Cli_no) `有效客户数`,
     sum(t2.bal) `用户总存款余额`
    from t1
join t2 on t1.Cli_no=t2.Ci_no
where month(t1.cre_dt)=9 and cus_sts='Y'
group by Cli_no
having sum(t2.bal)!=0;
-- sql优化
-- 谓词下推 预聚合
select
    count(Cli_no) `有效用户数`
from 
-- 谓词下推
    (
select
    Cli_no
from t1
where cus_sts='Y' and month(cre_dt)=9
) t1
    join
-- 预聚合
(
    select
        Ci_no,
        sum(bal) total_bal
    from t2
    group by Ci_no
    having total_bal!=0
) t2 on t1.Cli_no=t2.Ci_no
group by Cli_no;

explode爆炸函数

公式:用【lateral view】+【explode】将大字段拆解成小字段：

select 主表名.旧字段,视图名.新字段 from 主表名 lateral view explode(数组字段) 视图名 as 新字段名

腾讯QQ

假设tableA、tableB

• table A

qq号（字段名：qq）	游戏（字段名：game）
10000	a
10000	b
10000	c
20000	c
20000	d

• table B

qq号 （字段名：qq）	游戏（字段名：game）
10000	a_b_c
20000	c_d

• 将tableB输出为tableA的格式

-- 侧视图爆炸函数
create table if not exists qq
(
    QQ_id string,
    games string
);

insert overwrite table qq values ('10000','a_b_c'),('20000','c_d');

select
    qq.qq_id, game
    from qq
lateral view explode(sort_array(split(games,'_'))) new_game as game;

vivo

用户常驻城市信息表addr_info:uid,addr_list

数据示例：

"001"，【"深圳，东莞，广州"】

"002"，【"深圳，佛山，广州"】

用户基本信息表字段：uid、name、gender、birth、addr_list

问题：常驻人数top10的城市，男女比例的人数分布情况，要求结果如下：

 create table  if not exists scott.userInfo(
    uid string,
    name string,
    gender string,
    birth string,
    addr_list array<string>
);
insert overwrite table scott.userInfo values
('001','张三','male','1995-01-01',`array`('深圳','东莞','广州')),
('002','李四','female','1996-01-01',`array`('深圳','佛山','广州'));


-- sql方案
select *
from (select city,
             count(if(gender = 'male', 1, null))   as      male_cnt,
             count(if(gender = 'female', 1, null)) as      fmale_cnt,
             row_number() over (order by count(uid) desc ) rk
      from (select gender,
                   city,
                   uid
            from userinfo
                     lateral view explode(addr_list) n as city) t
      group by t.city)
where rk<=10;

with as临时表语句（CTE语法）

临时表设置一般解决复杂的SQL问题，用于把复杂的问题分解成一个个简单的问题！

字节跳动

一款MMORPG游戏有一个每日任务设计，完成不同任务可以获得不同的活跃度奖励。当日活跃度累计超过100就可以获得一个活跃宝箱（获得宝箱后玩家仍然会继续参加任务获得活跃度，但是不会获取额外奖励)。活跃度会每日清零，活跃任务也是每日刷新。

-- 临时表 with as把问题分解
drop table if exists scott.dm_activity_di;
create table  if not exists dm_activity_di(
    role_id string comment '角色Id',
    task_id int comment '本次完成的任务Id',
    activity_add int comment '本次角色获取的活跃度',
    p_date string comment '日志触发的日期，yyyy-MM-dd',
    time string comment '该日志的触发时间戳'
);

insert overwrite table scott.dm_activity_di
values ('小红',12,20,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 10:00:00'),
('小红',13,20,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 11:00:00'),
('小红',1,30,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 12:00:00'),
('小红',3,10,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 13:00:00'),
('小红',6,60,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 14:00:00'),
('小红',17,30,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 08:00:00'),
('小红',14,20,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 09:00:00'),
('小李',3,30,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 10:00:00'),
('小李',5,40,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 11:00:00'),
('小李',1,20,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 12:00:00'),
('小李',8,30,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 13:00:00'),
('小李',4,20,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 14:00:00'),
('小明',5,10,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 15:00:00'),
('小明',31,10,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 16:00:00'),
('小明',9,50,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 17:00:00'),
('小明',9,30,'2021-01-01','2021-01-01 18:00:00');


-- sql语句写法！
with t1 as (

    select *,
           sum(activity_add) over (partition by role_id order by `time`) as sum_activity
    from dm_activity_di

),t2 as (

    select *,
           row_number() over (partition by role_id,p_date order by `time`) as cnt
    from
        t1
),t3 as (
    select * from
                 t2
             where sum_activity>=100
),t4 as (
    select
    *,
    row_number() over (partition by role_id order by p_date) as rk
    from t3
),t5 as (
    select
    p_date,
    min(cnt) as task_num,
    role_id
from t4
where rk=1
group by role_id,p_date
)
select
    distinct task_num,
    p_date,
    count(role_id) over (partition by task_num,p_date order by p_date) as role_num
from t5;

综合案例

核心思想：窗口函数+行转列+CTE语法

腾讯互娱

• 面试题目

有一个流水表，用户1在什么时候玩了什么游戏！

需求：处理一下某个用户的玩游戏的先后顺序链条，按照时间排序后游戏相同的要合并！如：AABBA需要合并成ABA

• sql语句

-- 综合案例
create table if not exists dws.user_login(
    dtstatdate string,
    qq int,
    dteventtime string,
    game string
);
insert overwrite table dws.user_login values
('20220110',1,'2022/1/10 0:04','王者荣耀'),
('20220110',1,'2022/1/10 0:04','王者荣耀'),
('20220110',1,'2022/1/10 10:04','王者荣耀'),
('20220110',1,'2022/1/10 11:02','天刀'),
('20220110',1,'2022/1/10 11:02','天刀'),
('20220110',1,'2022/1/10 12:14','王者荣耀'),
('20220110',2,'2022/1/10 10:13','数码宝贝'),
('20220110',2,'2022/1/10 15:58','lol'),
('20220110',2,'2022/1/10 17:11','lol');

-- 案例代码
with t1 as (
   select
       *,
       lag(game,1,'') over (partition by dtstatdate,qq order by dteventtime) as last
from dws.user_login
),t2 as (
    select
        dtstatdate,
        qq,
        dteventtime,
        game
    from t1
    where game!=last
),t3 as (
    select
        dtstatdate,
        qq,
        array_sort(collect_list(concat_ws('-',dteventtime,game))) as dt_game
   from t2
   group by qq,dtstatdate
),t4 as (

    select dtstatdate,
           qq,
           `transform`(dt_game,x->split(x,'-')[0]) as time_set_demo,
           `transform`(dt_game,x->split(x,'-')[1]) as game_set_demo
    from t3
)
select dtstatdate,
       qq,
       concat_ws(',',time_set_demo) as time_set,
        concat_ws(',',game_set_demo) as game_set
from t4;

巴别时代

• 面试题目（行转列的综合案例题目）

列出在2021年5月有过登录，2021年6月没有登录，2021年7月又登录过游戏D的用户信息（需展示的字段为server_id,pid）

• SQL语句

drop table if exists scott.role_login;
create table if not exists scott.role_login(
    server_id int comment '服务器ID',
    pid int comment '服务器平台ID',
    plosgn int comment '用户所属平台的ID',
    log_time int comment '登录时间戳',
    ds string comment '日期',
    gn string comment '游戏名'
);

insert overwrite table scott.role_login values
(3000001,510166,1,1626565553,'2021-06-18','A'),
(3000001,510166,1,1626568224,'2021-06-25','A'),
(3000001,510166,1,1626574517,'2021-07-18','B'),
(3000001,510047,8,1626585497,'2021-07-18','C'),
(3000008,510013,8,1626659972,'2021-07-19','D'),
(3000008,510013,1,1626660317,'2021-07-25','D'),
(3000008,510013,1,1626660317,'2021-05-19','D'),
(3000008,510013,1,1626660317,'2021-05-04','D'),
(3000008,510013,1,1626660317,'2021-05-25','D'),
(3000008,510013,1,1626662251,'2021-07-19','T'),
(3000001,782902,16,1626662577,'2021-07-19','Y'),
(3000001,782902,16,1626662895,'2021-05-19','Y'),
(3000001,782902,16,1626663542,'2021-07-19','Y'),
(3000001,510062,7,1626663914,'2021-07-19','Y'),
(3000001,510062,7,1626664080,'2021-07-19','Y');

-- 实际上就是行转列综合应用
-- 先计算出每个server_id和 pid的5月、6月、7月的用户登录个数。
-- 最后筛选出5月登录个数不为0的，6月登录个数为0，7月登录个数不为0的server_id和pid。

select
    server_id,pid
from(
select
    server_id,pid,
    count(if(date_format(ds,'yyyy-MM')='2021-05',1,null)) 5d_log_cnt,
    count(if(date_format(ds,'yyyy-MM')='2021-06',1,null)) 6d_log_cnt,
    count(if(date_format(ds,'yyyy-MM')='2021-07',1,null)) 7d_log_cnt
    from (
        select * from
        scott.role_login
         where date_format(ds,'yyyy-MM') in ('2021-05','2021-06','2021-07')
    )
    where gn='D'
group by server_id,pid
) t2
where t2.5d_log_cnt>0 and t2.6d_log_cnt=0 and t2.7d_log_cnt>0;