zabbix_server的自动发现，实现批量添加主机，并链接到模板

一、需求

　　zabbix 服务器可以手动加入zabbix-agent客户端，对于少量的机器，这没有什么。但到了线上，我们有大量的服务器需要监控时，如果再一个个的手动加的话，工作量势必会增加很多。这时，zabbix-server 的Discovery 自动发现功能便派上了用场。

二、条件

　　1.zabbix server 已经部署好，所需要加入的服务器zabbix-agent已经安装。

　　2.防火墙都开放端口，主要是10050、10051端口，或者关闭整个iptables

三、zabbix-agent客户端的设置

　　1.打开zabbix-agent.conf配置文件，只需要修改2处配置.大批量的修改，可以利用自动化部署工具、如saltstack、ansible等。我用的是saltstack推送文件的方式进行修改，在本实验环境中，我用的是国产的一个批量工具CheungSSH。

　　2.批量执行的命令

sed -i 's/Server=127.0.0.1/Server=10.8.0.22/g' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf
sed -i 's/ServerActive=127.0.0.1/ServerActive=10.8.0.22/g' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

grep "Server" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf | grep -v '^#'

service zabbix-agent restart

　　上述命令完成后，要在zabbix-server上创建discover规则

四、zabbix-server 登陆web界面进行设置,创建规则，并自动加入，自动链接模板

　　1.Configuration-->Discovery-->Create discovery rule

下面是创建规则时的具体参数，来自官网：

Parameter	Description
Name	Unique name of the rule. For example, “Local network”.
Discovery by proxy	What performs discovery: no proxy - Zabbix server is doing discovery <proxy name> - this proxy performs discovery
IP range	The range of IP addresses for discovery. It may have the following formats: Single IP: 192.168.1.33 Range of IP addresses: 192.168.1-10.1-255. The range is limited by the total number of covered addresses (less than 64K). IP mask: 192.168.4.0/24 supported IP masks: /16 - /30 for IPv4 addresses /112 - /128 for IPv6 addresses List: 192.168.1.1-255, 192.168.2.1-100, 192.168.2.200, 192.168.4.0/24 Since Zabbix 3.0.0 this field supports spaces, tabulation and multiple lines.
Delay (in sec)	This parameter defines how often Zabbix will execute the rule. Delay is measured after the execution of previous discovery instance ends so there is no overlap.
Checks	Zabbix will use this list of checks for discovery. Supported checks: SSH, LDAP, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, POP, NNTP, IMAP, TCP, Telnet, Zabbix agent, SNMPv1 agent, SNMPv2 agent, SNMPv3 agent, ICMP ping. A protocol-based discovery uses the net.tcp.service[] functionality to test each host, except for SNMP which queries an SNMP OID. Zabbix agent is tested by querying an item. Please see agent items for more details. The 'Ports' parameter may be one of following: Single port: 22 Range of ports: 22-45 List: 22-45,55,60-70
Device uniqueness criteria	Uniqueness criteria may be: IP address - no processing of multiple single-IP devices. If a device with the same IP already exists it will be considered already discovered and a new host will not be added. Type of discovery check - either SNMP or Zabbix agent check.
Enabled	With the check-box marked the rule is active and will be executed by Zabbix server. If unmarked, the rule is not active. It won't be executed.