Linux内安装MySQL的三种方法

内容概要

  • yum安装MySQL
  • 二进制安装MySQL
  • 源码安装MySQL

yum安装MySQL

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1.卸载软件残留

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mariadb* -y

2.安装yum源

[root@localhost ~]# yum install wget -y
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

3.安装yum源

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm -y

4.检查源

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community           230
mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community                138
mysql80-community/x86_64                MySQL 8.0 Community Server           321

5.禁用mysql80启用mysql57

[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

6.安装MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server -y

7.启动MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -nutlp

8.获取MySQL默认密码

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2022-02-25T14:56:20.008587Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Y.S4ikhNLe4d

9.登入MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Y.S4ikhNLe4d'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

10.修改密码

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Ysln123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Ysln123!'
mysql> show batabases;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'batabases' at line 1
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二进制安装MySQL

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1.卸载软件残留

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mariadb* -y

2.下载软件包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install wget -y
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3.安装

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37

4.统一用户

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# groupadd mysql -g 666
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# useradd mysql -g 666 -u 666 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin

5.创建配置文件

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37
# 存放数据的目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data
# 指定端口号
port=3306
# 指定Socket文件存放路径
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data/mysql.sock
# 指定默认的字符集编码
character-set-server=utf8
# MySQL错误日志路径
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
# 指定MySQL pid文件路径
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data/mysqld.pid
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data/mysql.sock
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data/mysql.sock

6.创建数据目录

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data

7.授权

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# chown mysql.mysql -R /var/log/mysqld.log

8.安装MySQL依赖软件

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ numactl libaio glibc cmake autoconf -y

9.初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37 --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/data

10.注册MySQL启动服务

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# systemctl start mysqld

11.测试连接

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2022-02-25T16:10:47.165356Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ahrermuKP4,D
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/bin/mysql -uroot -p'ahrermuKP4,D'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

12.修改默认密码

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Ysln123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

13.添加环境变量

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.37
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# source //etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.37]# mysql -uroot -p'Ysln123!'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

源码安装MySQL

image

1.卸载软件残留

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mariadb* -y

2.下载源代码

[root@localhost ~]# yum install wget -y
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.36.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.36.tar.gz

3.统一用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql -g 666
[root@localhost ~]# useradd mysql -g 666 -u 666 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin

4.创建配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 安装目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36
# 存放数据的目录
datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data
# 指定端口号
port=3306
# 指定Socket文件存放路径
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data/mysql.sock
# 指定默认的字符集编码
character-set-server=utf8
# MySQL错误日志路径
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
# 指定MySQL pid文件路径
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data/mysqld.pid
[mysql]
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data/mysql.sock
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data/mysql.sock

5.安装依赖软件

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc cmake autoconf openssl openssl-devel -y

6.打开MAC终端上传boot软件包到Linux

MacdeMacBook-Pro:~ mac$ scp /Users/mac/Downloads/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz root@192.168.15.50:~

7.安装boot

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# tar -xf /root/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz

8.创建数据目录

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql-5.7.36
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.7.36

9.设置编译参数

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/tmp/mysql.sock \
> -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
> -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0 \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
> -DWITH_SSL=system \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
> -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
> -DWITH_DEBUG=0
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# make
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# make install
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data

10.初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# touch /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/data/

11.注册MySQL启动服务

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# systemctl start mysqld

12.连接测试

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2022-02-25T16:10:47.165356Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ahrermuKP4,D
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# /usr/local/mysql-5.7.36/bin/mysql -uroot -p'ahrermuKP4,D'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

13.修改默认密码

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Test123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

14.添加环境变量

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.36
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# source //etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.36]# mysql -uroot -p'Test123!'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

image

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