k8s1.20二进制安装

一、集群信息
192.168.1.5 vm5  master1 etcd
192.168.1.6 vm6  master2 etcd
192.168.1.7 vm7  master3 etcd
192.168.1.8 vm8 node01
证书说明：


二、初始化
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.5 vm5  master1
192.168.1.6 vm6  master2
192.168.1.7 vm7  master3
192.168.1.8 vm8 node01
EOF

# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  # 生效

# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com


二、部署ETCD集群
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5台组建集群，可容忍2台机器故障。

2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具
cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。

找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master节点。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo


2.2 生成Etcd证书
1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）
创建工作目录：

自签CA：
cd /root/k8s/cert/etcd

[root@vm5 etcd]# cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

[root@vm5 etcd]# cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成证书：

[root@vm5 etcd]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

[root@vm5 etcd]# ls *pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem

2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件：
[root@vm5 etcd]# cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.1.5",
    "192.168.1.6",
    "192.168.1.7"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。

生成证书：

[root@vm5 etcd]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

[root@vm5 etcd]# ls server*pem
server-key.pem  server.pem
 [root@vm5 etcd]# ls
ca-config.json  ca.csr  ca-csr.json  ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server.csr  server-csr.json  server-key.pem  server.pem


2.3、部署Etcd集群
1.下载etcd二进制文件
下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/
cd /root/k8s/etcd;wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
创建工作目录并解压二进制包
[root@vm5 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
[root@vm5 ~]# tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@vm5 ~]# cp etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2.创建etcd配置文件
[root@vm5 ~]# cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.5:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.5:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.5:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.5:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.1.5:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.1.6:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.1.7:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
说明：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群事实上
3.systemd管理etcd
[root@vm5 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
[root@vm5 ~]# cp /root/k8s/cert/etcd/ca*pem  /opt/etcd/ssl/
[root@vm5 ~]# cp /root/k8s/cert/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
5.启动并设置开机启动
[root@vm5 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@vm5 ~]# systemctl start etcd
[root@vm5 ~]# systemctl enable etcd

6.将上面master1所有生成的文件拷贝到master2和master3
[root@vm5 ~]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ master2:/opt/
[root@vm5 ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@vm5 ~]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ master3:/opt/
[root@vm5 ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：
[root@vm6 ~]# vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2"   # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.6:2380"   # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.6:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.1.6:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.1.6:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.1.5:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.1.6:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.1.7:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new
最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

7.查看集群状态
[root@vm5 etcd]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.5:2379,https://192.168.1.6:2379,https://192.168.1.7:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.1.6:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 22.316606ms
https://192.168.1.5:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 22.851606ms
https://192.168.1.7:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 29.681209ms
[root@vm6 etcd]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.1.5:2379,https://192.168.1.6:2379,https://192.168.1.7:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.1.7:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 22.986606ms
https://192.168.1.6:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 21.665307ms
https://192.168.1.5:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 27.629108ms


三、安装docker
下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

3.1 下载解压二进制包
以下在所有master节点、worker操作。采用二进制安装:
cd /root/k8s/
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar -xf docker-19.03.9.tgz
cp -rf docker/* /usr/bin
3.2 systemd管理docker
[root@vm5 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
3.3 创建配置文件
[root@vm5 ~]# mkdir /etc/docker
[root@vm5 ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
阿里云镜像加速器

3.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker


四、部署Master
4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书（在任意一个节点操作）
1.自签证书颁发机构（CA）
[root@vm5 ~]# cd /root/k8s/cert/k8s
[root@vm5 k8s]# cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
[root@vm5 k8s]# cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
生成证书：
[root@master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
[root@master1 k8s]# ls /root/k8s/cert/k8s/*pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem

2.使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
创建证书申请文件：
[root@master1 k8s]# cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "192.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.0.1",
      "192.168.1.5",
      "192.168.1.6",
      "192.168.1.7",
      "192.168.1.100",
      "192.168.1.8",
      "192.168.1.9",
      "192.168.1.10",
      "192.168.1.11",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP的IP，为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
生成证书：
[root@vm5 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
[root@vm5 k8s]# ls server*pem
server-key.pem  server.pem
所有证书：
[root@vm5 k8s]# tree /root/k8s/cert/
/root/k8s/cert/
├── etcd
│   ├── ca-config.json
│   ├── ca.csr
│   ├── ca-csr.json
│   ├── ca-key.pem
│   ├── ca.pem
│   ├── server.csr
│   ├── server-csr.json
│   ├── server-key.pem
│   └── server.pem
└── k8s
    ├── ca-config.json
    ├── ca.csr
    ├── ca-csr.json
    ├── ca-key.pem
    ├── ca.pem
    ├── server.csr
    ├── server-csr.json
    ├── server-key.pem
    └── server.pem

4.2 下载安装kubernetes二进制包
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/CHANGELOG
只需下载kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz，

4.3 解压二进制包
[root@vm5 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
[root@vm5 ~]# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@vm5 ~]# cd kubernetes/server/bin
[root@vm5 bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
[root@vm5 bin]# cp kubectl /usr/bin/
4.4 部署kube-apiserver
1.创建apiserver配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.5:2379,https://192.168.1.6:2379,https://192.168.1.7:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.1.5 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.1.5 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=192.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \\
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
--service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \      # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数
--service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \   # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false --v=2 --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs --etcd-servers=https://192.168.1.5:2379,https://192.168.1.6:2379,https://192.168.1.7:2379 --bind-address=192.168.1.5 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.1.5 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=192.0.0.0/24 --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true --token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local --service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --enable-aggregator-routing=true --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"

说明：
–logtostderr：启用日志
—v：日志等级
–log-dir：日志目录
–etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
–bind-address：监听地址，每个Master节点都不一样，注意修改
–secure-port：https安全端口
–advertise-address：集群通告地址
–allow-privileged：启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
–enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
–authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
–token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
–service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
–etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
–audit-log-xxx：审计日志
2.拷贝刚才生成的apiserver证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
[root@vm5 ~]# cp /root/k8s/cert/k8s/ca*pem /root/k8s/cert/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

3.启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
创建上述配置文件中token文件：
[root@vm5 bin]# head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
1d920817861356e8066a1396900f18d4
[root@vm5 bin]# cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
1d920817861356e8066a1396900f18d4,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF
格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组 

4.systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5.启动并设置开机启动
[root@vm5 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@vm5 ~]# systemctl start kube-apiserver
[root@vm5 ~]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
测试apiserver:
[root@vm5 ~]# curl --insecure https://192.168.1.5:6443/
{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {
    
  },
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get path \"/\"",
  "reason": "Forbidden",
  "details": {
    
  },
  "code": 403
}


https://blog.csdn.net/eagle89/article/details/123347509