微服务环境搭建

目录

案例准备

技术选型

maven：3.3.9
数据库：MySQL 5.7
持久层: SpingData Jpa
其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程
shop-common 公共模块【实体类】
shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 8071】
shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 8072】
shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 8073】

请添加图片描述

微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者，把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。

请添加图片描述

在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者， 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

创建父工程

创建一个maven工程，然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <modules>
        <module>shop-common</module>
        <module>shop-user</module>
        <module>shop-product</module>
        <module>shop-order</module>
    </modules>

    <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- spring-cloud-dependencies -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

创建基础模块

1、创建 shop-common 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.56</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2、创建实体类

package org.skystep.common.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName Order
 * @Description 订单类
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 18:30:00
 */

@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long oid;//订单id
    private Integer uid;//用户id
    private String username;//用户名

    private Integer pid;//商品id
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品单价
    private Integer number;//购买数量
}


package org.skystep.common.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName Product
 * @Description 商品类
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 18:29:00
 */

@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer pid;//主键
    private String pname;//商品名称
    private Double pprice;//商品价格
    private Integer stock;//库存
}


package org.skystep.common.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName 用户
 * @Description 用户类
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 18:28:00
 */

@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer uid;//主键
    private String username;//用户名
    private String password;//密码
    private String telephone;//手机号
}

创建用户微服务

1、新建一个 shop-user 模块，然后添加 pom 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2、编写主类

package org.skystep.user;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName UserApplication
 * @Description 用户模块主类
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 18:43:00
 */

@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3、创建配置 application.yml

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-user
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.41:30401/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

创建商品微服务

1、创建一个名为 shop-product 的模块，并添加 pom 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2、创建工程的主类

package org.skystep;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName ProductApplication
 * @Description 产品入口函数
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 19:15:00
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3、创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 8072
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.41:30401/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4、创建 ProductDao 接口

package org.skystep.dao;


import org.skystep.common.entity.Product;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName ProductDao
 * @Description TODO
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 19:47:00
 */
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product, Integer> {

}

5、创建 ProductService 接口和实现类

package org.skystep.service;


import org.skystep.common.entity.Product;

public interface ProductService {

    //根据pid查询商品信息
    Product findByPid(Integer pid);

    //扣减库存
    void reduceInventory(Integer pid, Integer number);
}


package org.skystep.service.impl;

import org.skystep.dao.ProductDao;
import org.skystep.common.entity.Product;
import org.skystep.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;

    @Override
    public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
        return productDao.findById(pid).get();
    }

    @Transactional
    @Override
    public void reduceInventory(Integer pid, Integer number) {
        //查询
        Product product = productDao.findById(pid).get();
        //省略校验

        //内存中扣减
        product.setStock(product.getStock() - number);

        //保存
        productDao.save(product);
    }
}

6、创建 Controller

package org.skystep.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.skystep.common.entity.Product;
import org.skystep.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName ProductController
 * @Description TODO
 * @createTime 2021年09月22日 20:24:00
 */

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info("查询到商品:/product/" + pid);
        Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
        log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }

}

7、启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8、通过浏览器访问服务

在这里插入图片描述

创建订单微服务

1、创建一个名为 shop-product 的模块，并添加 pom 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.skystep</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2、创建工程的主类并且添加创建 RestTemplate

package org.skystep;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName OrderApplication
 * @Description 订单入口类
 * @createTime 2021年09月23日 09:29:00
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

3、创建配置文件 application.yml

server:
  port: 8073
spring:
  application:
    name: service-order
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.41:30401/shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4、创建 OrderDao 接口

package org.skystep.dao;

import org.skystep.common.entity.Order;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName OrderDao
 * @Description TODO
 * @createTime 2021年09月23日 09:32:00
 */
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {

}

5、创建 OrderService 接口和实现类

package org.skystep.service;

import org.skystep.common.entity.Order;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName OrderService
 * @Description TODO
 * @createTime 2021年09月23日 09:35:00
 */
public interface OrderService {
    //创建订单
    void createOrder(Order order);
}


package org.skystep.service.impl;

import org.skystep.dao.OrderDao;
import org.skystep.common.entity.Order;
import org.skystep.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;

    @Override
    public void createOrder(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);
    }

}

6、创建 Controller

package org.skystep.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.skystep.common.entity.Order;
import org.skystep.common.entity.Product;
import org.skystep.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author 姚棉伟
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @ClassName OrderController
 * @Description TODO
 * @createTime 2021年09月23日 09:41:00
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
        //通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
                "http://localhost:8072/product/" + pid, Product.class);
        log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("测试用户");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);
        orderService.createOrder(order);
        return order;
    }
}

7、通过浏览器访问服务

在这里插入图片描述

posted @ 2021-09-27 15:16  yaomianwei  阅读(18)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报