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重看Decorator Pattern,联想到Delegate传递及Flags Enum--欢迎拍砖!

2013-11-30 21:53  stevey  阅读(311)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

  话说装饰模式(Decorator)的动机是“动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说,Decorator模式相比生成子类更为灵活。[GOF 《设计模式》]”。再次学到该模式,有感,联想到Delegate和Flags Enum。Delegate也可实现在已有功能上动态添加新功能,有点”装饰“的意图,Flags Enum可以进行组合使用。如果对装饰模式不熟悉,请移步大神博文http://terrylee.cnblogs.com/archive/2006/03/01/340592.html。本文描述该模式的相关思考,不正之处,请大神指点拍砖!谢谢

  该模式的UML图: ,Decorator抽象,既继承Component又组合引用Component,为什么需要这样呢?从该模式的具体代码看到,装饰之上可以继续装饰,故需要引用一个装饰,为什么有需要继承呢,感觉装饰需要一个抽象吧。

  现在来假设一个场景,有一个现有的对象,如下:

public class Component
    {
        public void Operation(string msg)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Compent.Operation。hi,:"+msg);
        }
    }

 该操作不是可override的,那怎么使用装饰模式来扩展新功能呢?这里给出装饰模式的“变形代码”

    public class ComponentWrapper
    {
        public virtual void Operation(string msg)
        {
            Component m_Component = new Component();
            m_Component.Operation(msg);
        }
    }

    public class ComponentWrapper1 : ComponentWrapper
    {
        private ComponentWrapper m_decorator;
        public ComponentWrapper1(ComponentWrapper decorator)
        {
            m_decorator = decorator;
        }
        public override void Operation(string msg)
        {
            m_decorator.Operation(msg);
            Add(msg);
        }
        public static void Add(string msg)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("ComponentWrapper1 added");
        }
    }

    public class ComponentWrapper2 : ComponentWrapper
    {
        private ComponentWrapper m_decorator;
        public ComponentWrapper2(ComponentWrapper decorator)
        {
            m_decorator = decorator;
        }
        public override void Operation(string msg)
        {
            m_decorator.Operation(msg);
            Add(msg);
        }
        public static void Add(string msg)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("ComponentWrapper2 added");
        }
    }
//调用代码            
ComponentWrapper d = new ComponentWrapper();//未装饰 ComponentWrapper d1 = new ComponentWrapper1(d);//装饰上功能1 ComponentWrapper d2 = new ComponentWrapper2(d1);//装饰上功能2 d2.Operation("stevey");

上面代码中,ComponentWrapper 作为装饰的基类,对已有功能进行包装,在装饰1中继承装饰基类又包含一个装饰。可能说包装感觉更形象一点,一层一层的包装,或者说人穿的衣服也是一层一层的,哈哈。可以看到,一个装饰对象就作为一个”功能集“整体,实际上是一个引用装饰链,调用依次传递到顶端。由此联想到,功能也可以追加,功能也可以做成像链式依次执传递。遵循上面场景的方法契约,于是就凭着感觉写出如下code:

    public static class ComponentExtension
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 在已有操作之后加上新操作
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="action">原操作</param>
        /// <param name="otherAction">新操作</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Action<string> After(this Action<string> action,Action<string> otherAction)
        {
            return (msg) => {
                action(msg);
                otherAction(msg);
            };
        }

        public static Action<string> Before(this Action<string> action, Action<string> otherAction)
        {
            return (msg) =>
            {
                otherAction(msg);
                action(msg);
            };
        }
    }

调用代码:

//使用delegate装饰新功能
            Action<string> action = new Component().Operation;
            Action<string> wrapper1 = action.After(ComponentWrapper1.Add);//装饰上功能1
            Action<string> wrapper2 = wrapper1.After((msg) =>//装饰上功能2
            {
                Console.WriteLine("wrapper2 added");
            });
            wrapper2("hello");
            Console.WriteLine("*****************************");
            //
            Action<string> wrapper3 = wrapper1.After(wrapper2);
            wrapper3("(原功能+功能1)+{(原功能+功能1)+装饰上功能2}");//在已有的装饰整体上加上另一个装饰

上面的代码可以链式,其他不解释了,代码是最直接的意思表达,在一个功能上继续包装一个功能,得到的就是一个装饰,可以作为整体,继续装饰。。。貌似比模式轻量级点不。

  标记枚举,也有点”装饰“的味道,MSDN上的代码:

[Flags]
    enum Days2
    {
        None = 0x0,
        Sunday = 0x1,
        Monday = 0x2,
        Tuesday = 0x4,
        Wednesday = 0x8,
        Thursday = 0x10,
        Friday = 0x20,
        Saturday = 0x40
    }
//Flags Enum
            // Initialize with two flags using bitwise OR.
            var meetingDays = Days2.Tuesday | Days2.Thursday;

            // Set an additional flag using bitwise OR.
            meetingDays = meetingDays | Days2.Friday;

            Console.WriteLine("Meeting days are {0}", meetingDays);
            // Output: Meeting days are Tuesday, Thursday, Friday

            // Remove a flag using bitwise XOR.
            meetingDays = meetingDays ^ Days2.Tuesday;
            Console.WriteLine("Meeting days are {0}", meetingDays);
            // Output: Meeting days are Thursday, Friday

 

  就写到这里吧,感觉有点语无伦次,不在状态,大家就将就看吧。算是一点装饰模式的读后感,欢迎大家讨论,不正之处,还请指出,谢谢!