NodeJS Socket.io
为什么需要socket.io?
node.js提供了高效的服务端运行环境,但是由于浏览器端对HTML5的支持不一,为了兼容所有浏览器,提供卓越的实时的用户体验,并且为程序员提供客户端与服务端一致的编程体验,于是socket.io诞生。
var http = require('http'), url = require('url'), fs = require('fs'), server; server = http.createServer(function(req, res){ // your normal server code var path = url.parse(req.url).pathname; switch (path){ case '/': res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}); res.write('<h1>Hello! Try the <a href="/index.html">Socket.io Test</a></h1>'); res.end(); break; case '/index.html': fs.readFile(__dirname + path, function(err, data){ if (err) return send404(res); res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': path == 'json.js' ? 'text/javascript' : 'text/html'}) res.write(data, 'utf8'); res.end(); }); break; default: send404(res); } }), send404 = function(res){ res.writeHead(404); res.write('404'); res.end(); }; server.listen(8080); var io = require('socket.io').listen(server); io.sockets.on('connection', function(socket){ console.log("Connection " + socket.id + " accepted."); socket.on('message', function(message){ console.log("Received message: " + message + " - from client " + socket.id); }); socket.on('disconnect', function(){ console.log("Connection " + socket.id + " terminated."); }); });
客户端编程模型
客户端编程也是相似的处理方式,连接服务器,交互信息。比如下面的index.html页面:
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>Socket.io Test</title> <script src="/json.js"></script> <!-- for ie --> <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> </head> <body> <script> var socket; var firstconnect = true; function connect() { if(firstconnect) { socket = io.connect(null); socket.on('message', function(data){ message(data); }); socket.on('connect', function(){ status_update("Connected to Server"); }); socket.on('disconnect', function(){ status_update("Disconnected from Server"); }); socket.on('reconnect', function(){ status_update("Reconnected to Server"); }); socket.on('reconnecting', function( nextRetry ){ status_update("Reconnecting in " + nextRetry + " seconds"); }); socket.on('reconnect_failed', function(){ message("Reconnect Failed"); }); firstconnect = false; } else { socket.socket.reconnect(); } } function disconnect() { socket.disconnect(); } function message(data) { document.getElementById('message').innerHTML = "Server says: " + data; } function status_update(txt){ document.getElementById('status').innerHTML = txt; } function esc(msg){ return msg.replace(/</g, '<').replace(/>/g, '>'); } function send() { socket.send("Hello Server!"); }; </script> <h1>Socket.io Test</h1> <div><p id="status">Waiting for input</p></div> <div><p id="message"></p></div> <button id="connect" onClick='connect()'/>Connect</button> <button id="disconnect" onClick='disconnect()'>Disconnect</button> <button id="send" onClick='send()'/>Send Message</button> </body> </html>
1. 启动服务器还是交给node,打开命令行窗口,定位到server.js所在文件夹,输入node server.js启动服务器。
在上面的index.html中,注意这行:<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>。如果不想使用本地的socket.io脚本,可以直接使用下面这个公开的脚本:
<script src="http://cdn.socket.io/stable/socket.io.js"></script>
此外需要注意这行:socket = io.connect(null)。这里的null代表连接本地服务,可以换成"localhost",效果也是一样的。
2. 可以使用socket.io直接启动http服务。例如:
var io = require('socket.io').listen(80); io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) { io.sockets.emit('this', { will: 'be received by everyone'}); });
3. socket.io可以直接通过send方法发送消息,使用message事件接收消息,例如:
//server.js var io = require('socket.io').listen(80); io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) { socket.on('message', function () { }); }); //index.html <script> var socket = io.connect('http://localhost/'); socket.on('connect', function () { socket.send('hi'); socket.on('message', function (msg) { // my msg }); }); </script>
4. 发送和处理数据
两端可以互发事件,互发数据,相互通信。发送事件的代码为:socket.emit(action, data, function),其中action为事件的名称,data为数据,function为回调函数;处理事件代码 为:socket.on(action,function),如果emit发送的时候有数据data,则function中参数包含了这个数据。 socket.io除了发送和处理内置事件,如connect, disconnect, message。还允许发送和处理自定义事件,例如:
//服务端: io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) { socket.emit('news', { hello: 'world' }); socket.on('my other event', function (data) { console.log(data); }); }); //客户端: <script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script> <script> var socket = io.connect('http://localhost'); socket.on('news', function (data) { console.log(data); socket.emit('my other event', { my: 'data' }); }); </script>
5. 从上面可以看出来,发送数据的时候,send和emit是都可以使用的。只不过emit更是强化了自定义事件的处理。
6. 可以在服务端使用socket的get/set方法存储客服端的相关数据,例如:
//服务端 var io = require('socket.io').listen(80); io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) { socket.on('set nickname', function (name) { socket.set('nickname', name, function () { socket.emit('ready'); }); }); socket.on('msg', function () { socket.get('nickname', function (err, name) { console.log('Chat message by ', name); }); }); }); //客户端 <script> var socket = io.connect('http://localhost'); socket.on('connect', function () { socket.emit('set nickname', confirm('What is your nickname?')); socket.on('ready', function () { console.log('Connected !'); socket.emit('msg', confirm('What is your message?')); }); }); </script>
实用参考
socket.io介绍:http://davidchambersdesign.com/getting-started-with-socket.io/
socket.io安装和使用说明:http://socket.io/