制定RPM包和加入YUM源
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##博客： http://dreamway.blog.51cto.com/
##weibo：http://weibo.com/zhaixiangpan
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# cat /etc/redhat-release
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CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
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# uname -r
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2.6.18-308.el5
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# uname -m
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x86_64
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# ls /usr/src
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debug kernels redhat
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# ls /usr/src/redhat/
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BUILD RPMS SOURCES SPECS SRPMS
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# mkdir -p /home/zxp/{BUILD,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}
RPMS: 制作好的二进制包的输出位置。
SOURCES: 源码的位置。
SPECS: spec文件存放的位置。
SRPMS: 制作好的源码RPM包的输出位置，该包安装时仍需要先编译。
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# cat haproxy.spec
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Summary: HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy for high availability environments #软件摘要信息
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Name: haproxy #软件名称
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Version: 1.4.22 #软件版本
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Release: 20130106_hexun_as5 #软件分支版本
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License: GPL #软件版权
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Group: System Environment/Daemons #软件所属分类
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URL: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/ #软件主页
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Source0: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/%{name}-%{version}.tar.gz #源码位置
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BuildRoot: %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-root #安装目录
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BuildRequires: pcre-devel #编译依赖软件包
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Requires: /sbin/chkconfig, /sbin/service #安装依赖软件包
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%description #软件详细的描述信息
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HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy which is particularly suited for high
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availability environments. Indeed, it can:
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- route HTTP requests depending on statically assigned cookies
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- spread the load among several servers while assuring server persistence
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through the use of HTTP cookies
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- switch to backup servers in the event a main one fails
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- accept connections to special ports dedicated to service monitoring
-
- stop accepting connections without breaking existing ones
-
- add/modify/delete HTTP headers both ways
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- block requests matching a particular pattern
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It needs very little resource. Its event-driven architecture allows it to easily
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handle thousands of simultaneous connections on hundreds of instances without
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risking the system's stability.
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# %prep定义了构建前要做的准备，通常是%setup定义如何解包
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%prep
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%setup -q
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# We don't want any perl dependecies in this RPM:
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%define __perl_requires /bin/true #定义不使用perl依赖关系
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%build #编译源码命令，通常是./configure && make，根据具体包安装方法而定
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%{__make} ARCH=%{_target_cpu} TARGET=linux26
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%install #安装阶段
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[ "%{buildroot}" != "/" ] && %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}
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%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_sbindir}
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%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d
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%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/%{name}
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%{__install} -d %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/
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%{__install} -s %{name} %{buildroot}%{_sbindir}/
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%{__install} -c -m 644 examples/%{name}.cfg %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/%{name}/
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%{__install} -c -m 755 examples/%{name}.init %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d/%{name}
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%{__install} -c -m 755 doc/%{name}.1 %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1/
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%clean #清理BUILD目录阶段
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[ "%{buildroot}" != "/" ] && %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}
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%post #安装后制定的脚本
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/sbin/chkconfig --add %{name}
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%preun #卸载前执行的脚本
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if [ $1 = 0 ]; then
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/sbin/service %{name} stop >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
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/sbin/chkconfig --del %{name}
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fi
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%postun #卸载后执行的脚本
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if [ "$1" -ge "1" ]; then
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/sbin/service %{name} condrestart >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
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fi
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%files #文件列表，主要是设置安装rpm包后的文件、目录属性
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%defattr(-,root,root) #定义默认属性
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%doc CHANGELOG TODO examples/*.cfg doc/haproxy-en.txt doc/haproxy-fr.txt doc/architecture.txt doc/configuration.txt #指定软件文档
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%doc %{_mandir}/man1/%{name}.1* #指定man帮助文档
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%attr(0755,root,root) %{_sbindir}/%{name} #单独指定目录属性
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%dir %{_sysconfdir}/%{name} #定义软件安装目录
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%attr(0644,root,root) %config(noreplace) %{_sysconfdir}/%{name}/%{name}.cfg #单独指定文件属性
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%attr(0755,root,root) %config %{_sysconfdir}/rc.d/init.d/%{name} #单独指定文件属性
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%changelog #软件升级日志
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* Tue Aug 14 2012 Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
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- updated to 1.4.22
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…………略………………
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* Thu Oct 16 2003 Simon Matter <simon.matter@invoca.ch>
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- initial build
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# cd SRPMS/
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# wget http://1wt.eu/tools/haproxy/src/devel/haproxy-1.2.3-1.src.rpm
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# rpm -ivh haproxy-1.2.3-1.src.rpm
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1:haproxy ########################################### [100%]
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# ls /usr/src/redhat/{SOURCES,SPECS}
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/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES:
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haproxy-1.2.3.tar.gz
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/usr/src/redhat/SPECS:
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haproxy.spec
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# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS
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# cd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS
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# cp haproxy.spec haproxy.spec_bak$(date +%F)
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# ls
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haproxy.spec haproxy.spec_bak2013-01-06
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# tar zxf haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz
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# cd haproxy-1.4.22
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# ll haproxy.spec
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-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 7442 Aug 14 15:09 haproxy.spec
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#cd haproxy-1.4.22/examples/
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# ls
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haproxy.spec
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# cp haproxy.spec /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/
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# cp haproxy.spec haproxy.spec.$(date +%F)
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# pwd /usr/src/redhat/SPECS
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# vim haproxy.spec
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[root@study02 SPECS]# diff haproxy.spec haproxy.spec.2013-01-07
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4c4
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< Release: 20130106_hexun_as5
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---
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> Release: 1
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36c36
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< %{__make} ARCH=%{_target_cpu} TARGET=linux26
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---
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> %{__make} USE_PCRE=1 DEBUG="" ARCH=%{_target_cpu} TARGET=linux26
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# pwd
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/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES
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# wget http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz
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# ls haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz
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# yum install rpm-build -y
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# yum -y install pcre-devel
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# rpmbuild -v -ba SPECS/haproxy.spec
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Executing(%prep): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.44698
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+ umask 022
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+ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD
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+ LANG=C
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+ export LANG
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+ unset DISPLAY
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+ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD
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+ rm -rf haproxy-1.4.22
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+ /bin/gzip -dc /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz
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+ tar -xf -
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+ STATUS=0
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…………略………………
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Wrote: /usr/src/redhat/SRPMS/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.src.rpm
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Wrote: /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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Wrote: /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-debuginfo-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.75459
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+ umask 022
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+ cd /usr/src/redhat/BUILD
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+ cd haproxy-1.4.22
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+ '[' /var/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22-root '!=' / ']'
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+ /bin/rm -rf /var/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22-root
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+ exit 0 #注意输出status为0 即创建过程错误
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# rpm -qpl /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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/etc/haproxy
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/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy
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/usr/sbin/haproxy
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/CHANGELOG
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/TODO
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/acl-content-sw.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/architecture.txt
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/auth.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/build.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/configuration.txt
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/content-sw-sample.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/cttproxy-src.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/examples.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/haproxy-en.txt
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/haproxy-fr.txt
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/haproxy.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/option-http_proxy.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/tarpit.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/test-section-kw.cfg
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/usr/share/doc/haproxy-1.4.22/url-switching.cfg
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/usr/share/man/man1/haproxy.1.gz
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# rpm -qpi /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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Name : haproxy Relocations: (not relocatable)
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Version : 1.4.22 Vendor: (none)
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Release : 20130106_hexun_as5 Build Date: Mon 07 Jan 2013 09:36:21 AM CST
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Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: study02
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Group : System Environment/Daemons Source RPM: haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.src.rpm
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Size : 1275757 License: GPL
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Signature : (none)
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URL : http://haproxy.1wt.eu/
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Summary : HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy for high availability environments
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Description :
-
HA-Proxy is a TCP/HTTP reverse proxy which is particularly suited for high
-
availability environments. Indeed, it can:
-
- route HTTP requests depending on statically assigned cookies
-
- spread the load among several servers while assuring server persistence
-
through the use of HTTP cookies
-
- switch to backup servers in the event a main one fails
-
- accept connections to special ports dedicated to service monitoring
-
- stop accepting connections without breaking existing ones
-
- add/modify/delete HTTP headers both ways
-
- block requests matching a particular pattern
-
It needs very little resource. Its event-driven architecture allows it to easily
-
handle thousands of simultaneous connections on hundreds of instances without
-
risking the system's stability.
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[root@study01 tools]# rpm -ivh haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
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1:haproxy ########################################### [100%]
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[root@study01 tools]# ls
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haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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[root@study01 tools]# ls /etc/haproxy/ #安装目录及主配置文件
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haproxy.cfg
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[root@study01 tools]# ll /etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy #服务启动文件
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2553 Jan 7 09:36 /etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy
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[root@study01 tools]# ll /etc/init.d/haproxy
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-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2553 Jan 7 09:36 /etc/init.d/haproxy
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[root@study01 tools]# rpm -qf /etc/init.d/haproxy #查看软件所属软件包
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haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5
至此定制RPM包已经制作完毕，接下来我们就可以把常用的应用软件源码包都制作为rpm包放入yum仓库，以后部署软件就很便捷了。
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[root@hxinstall 5ASU8]# cd /opt/ftp/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/
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[root@hxinstall Centos5.8]# ls
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dvd install
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# cd RPMS.hexun/
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# ls
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haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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[root@hxinstall RPMS.hexun]# createrepo /opt/ftp/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/RPMS.hexun
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1/1 - haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm
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Saving Primary metadata
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Saving file lists metadata
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Saving other metadata
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# yum-arch -l /opt/ftp/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/RPMS.hexun
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# ls
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haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64.rpm headers repodata
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cat << EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
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[hexun]
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name= hexun rpm
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baseurl=http://10.0.251.154/pub/os/Linux/Centos/x86_64/Centos5.8/RPMS.hexun
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gpgcheck=0
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EOF
8.4.2 YUM安装自定制HAProxy 软件包
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# yum clean all
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# yum install haproxy -y
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Determining fastest mirrors
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……略…………
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hexun | 951 B 00:00
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hexun/primary | 1.2 kB 00:00
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hexun 1/1
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Setting up Install Process
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Resolving Dependencies
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--> Running transaction check
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---> Package haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5 set to be updated
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………略………
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Running Transaction
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Installing : haproxy 1/1
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Installed: #yum已经安装成功
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haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5
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# yum remove haproxy -y
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Setting up Remove Process
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Resolving Dependencies
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--> Running transaction check
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---> Package haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5 set to be erased
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--> Finished Dependency Resolution
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Dependencies Resolved
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===================================================================================
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Package Arch Version Repository Size
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===================================================================================
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Removing:
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haproxy x86_64 1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5 installed 1.2 M
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Transaction Summary
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===================================================================================
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Remove 1 Package(s)
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Reinstall 0 Package(s)
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Downgrade 0 Package(s)
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Downloading Packages:
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Running rpm_check_debug
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Running Transaction Test
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Finished Transaction Test
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Transaction Test Succeeded
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Running Transaction
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Erasing : haproxy 1/1
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Removed: #已经成功卸载
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haproxy.x86_64 0:1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5
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Complete!
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# rpmbuild -v -ba SPECS/haproxy.spec
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error: File /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz: No such file or directory
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# cd /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/
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[root@study02 SOURCES]# wget http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz
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# rpmbuild -v -ba SPECS/haproxy.spec
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error: Failed build dependencies:
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pcre-devel is needed by haproxy-1.4.22-20130106_hexun_as5.x86_64
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# yum -y install pcre-devel
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Usage: rpmbuild [ <specfile> | <tarball> | <source package> ]
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Usage: rpm [OPTION...]
常用的rpm参数组合：
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（1）rpm -qx file_name, x={f,i,l,a,p...}, file_name可以是命令名、动态库名称、配置文件名等等。
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使用此命令的前提：相应的rpm包已经安装。
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rpm -qf file：查询文件file是哪个rpm包中的；rpm -qf `which your_cmd`, rpm -qf `locate file_name`
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rpm -qi rpm_name：查看指定rpm包安装的详细信息；
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rpm -ql installed_rpm_name：列出已经安装的rpm包中包含了哪些文件及他们的安装路径。如rpm -ql iptraf
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用以下选项与 -q 连用来指明要查询哪些软件包的信息。这些选项被称之为“软件包指定选项”：
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-a 查询所有已安装的软件包。
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-f <file> 将查询包含有文件 <file>的软件包。
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-p <packagefile> 查询软件包文件名为 <packagefile>的包。
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有几种方式来指定查询软件包时所显示的信息。 以下选项可通过读取rpm包头部的办法显示rpm包的信息，这样的选项被称作“信息选择选项”：
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-i 显示软件包信息，如描述、发行号、大小、编译日期、安装日期、硬件平台、以及其它一些各类信息。
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-l 列出软件包中包含的文件。（列出已经安装的rpm包中包含了哪些文件及他们的安装路径）
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-s 显示软件包中所有文件的状态。
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-d 列出被标注为文档的文件 (如，man 手册、 info 信息、README，等等) 。
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-c 列出被标注为配置文件的文件。这些文件是需要在安装完毕后加以定制的，如 (sendmail.cf, passwd, inittab, 等) 。
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如果要在执行上述选项的同时，显示文件列表, 可以同时使用 -v 命令行选项，就能得出与 ls -l 格式类似的输出。
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（2）查看未安装的rpm/src.rpm包中包含的文件列表
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－ 在本地暂时只能使用（4）中提供的方法；
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－ 通过rpmfind.net等网站进行查询；
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（3）rpm -ivh xxx.rpm：重新安装；（和-Uvh相比，建议用-ivh）
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rpm -ivh --relocate /=/tmp/test/ xxx.rpm
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（4）rpm2cpio xxx.rpm/xxx.src.rpm：将rpm解压为cpio归档；
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rpm2cpio xxx.rpm/xxx.src.rpm | cpio -idmv (rpm2cpio xxx.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories)
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参数-i(或--extract)表示提取文件； v表示指示执行进程；-d(或--make-directory)表示根据包中文件原来的路径建立目录；m表示保持文件的更新时间。
