🗂 看了 web.dev 的 631 篇博客,我总结了这些内容
最近在做 web 性能优化的工作,所以想集中学习了解一下相关的专题内容。这部分内容肯定要学习一手信息,所以找先找了 https://web.dev/,一个 Google 官方推出的一个面向 Web 开发者的网站,里面有非常多的教程和最佳实践,非常适合有性能优化诉求的开发者去浏览和学习。
网站的核心部分分为 4 类:
Learn:体系化的教程,例如性能优化和 PWA Measure:就是一个在线版本的 Lighthouse,和 Chrome DevTools 的 Performance 功能一致 Case Study:优化案例(商业互吹),内容一般为采用 X 优化带来数据 Y 的提升最终带来 Z 的商业增长 Blog:内容较杂,优化教程/API 解读/优化案例等等都有涉及
从上面的结构可以看出,Lean/Measure/CaseStudy 这三个章节内容都是比较体系化的,但是 Blog 内容却没有一个很好的分类。以我的阅读经验,Blog 里有一些非常好的文章,所以我很好奇 Blog 章节里有多少好东西可供挖掘,于是上个月的时候花了一些时间,把所有的 Blog 读了一遍,并以自己的认知对内容做了分析和总结,以便自己后续回顾与搜索。
内容分类:
截止到目前为止(2022-7-7),web.dev 一共发布了 631 篇 blog,从 blog 的内容和发布时间可以很明显的看出 google 官方的发力(营销)方向,比如说前几年在推 PWA,这两年在推 Web Vitals。纵观下来,Blog 的内容可以分为以下几类
性能指标:例如 Web Vitals,FMP,TTI 这些概念和相对应的优化策略 优化策略:例如对网络的优化,对图片/字体/CSS/JS 的优化 UI/UX:这部分内容偏向于实战和设计,最终会产出一些 UI Component Web 特性:例如 Web Worker,WebXR,Wasm 等功能的介绍和教程 提案/API:主要是对一些提案的实现和现代浏览器 API 的介绍,内容偏向于文档,对开发者来说距离较远 商业案例:其实就是 Case Study 章节的内容,只不过这部分内容也收录在 Blog 里
1.性能指标
种类 | 篇数 | 时间跨度 |
---|---|---|
性能指标/优化/监控 | 34 | 主要为 2018 - 2022 |
性能指标绝对是 Google/Chrome 这两年首推的内容了,从 2018 年到 2022,4 年的时间里就推出了 34 篇文章,最近两年的商业案例也基本都是「优化 Web Vitals 指标带来商业收益的」的套路。文章整体的质量都不错,从原因到解决方案到具体用例都有涉及。
2.优化策略
种类 | 篇数 | 时间跨度 |
---|---|---|
网络优化 | 46 | 主要为 2018 - 2022 |
渲染 | 28 | 主要为 2013 - 2015,2018 做了相关修订 |
图片优化 | 13 | 主要为 2019 |
JS/JS 框架 | 15 | 主要为 2020 - 2021 |
font | 8 | 2020 - 2021 |
从文章比例上就可以看出,Web 非常关注网络资源的优化,这是 Web 的优点也是 Web 的痛点,JS 运行的再快也扛不住一次网络异常,所以网络优化的内容非常多。
渲染优化的文章主要集中到 13-15 年,最近几年很少说了,这个和历史发展潮流也差不多,13-15 年属于移动互联网高速发展时期,Native 开发还是如日中天,Web 在渲染性能上确实不如 Native,现如今随着内核的发展以及终端机性能的提升,渲染基本上已经不是性能瓶颈了,而且浏览器渲染模块对于 Web 开发者来说也很难去介入,所以内容较少也在情理之中。
JS 优化内容也比较少,一是对于大部分场景来说开发者还没有到优化 JS 解决性能瓶颈,二是很多 JS 优化的内容都搬到 https://v8.dev/blog 了,所以只有几篇早期的文章;JS 框架层的优化最近有一些,例如和 nextjs,react 的合作之类的。
图片视频字体的优化都属于资源优化,内容也不错,可以一起看看单项突破。
3.UI/UX
种类 | 篇数 | 时间跨度 |
---|---|---|
CSS新特性/新属性 | 27 | 主要为 2019 - 2020 |
UI 组件/设计 | 12 | 主要为 2021 |
交互 | 15 | 2019 - 2021 |
CSS 主要介绍的是一些 CSS新特性新属性,还有一些关于 CSS 的使用/优化文章。
UI 是最近有些 blog 写了些 UI 组件,感觉内容也可以学习一下。UX 内容就比较杂了,涉及到交互效果,可访问性等内容,相对来说这个分类里跨学科内容多一些。
4.Web 特性
种类 | 篇数 | 时间跨度 |
---|---|---|
Web Worker/Service Worker | 22 | 主要为 2020 |
PWA | 16 | 主要为 2019 - 2020 |
浏览器 | 18 | 2018-2021 |
安全 | 10 | 主要为 2020 - 2021 |
WebGL/WebGPU | 6 | 2012 |
WebXR | 10 | 2017、2020 |
Wasm | 8 | 2018 - 2021 |
Web Component | 13 | 2016、2017 |
PWA 在前几年 Google 一直在推,但在国内其实一直不温不火的,大公司都有自己的 Hybrid H5 方案,小公司基本都去做小程序开发了;国外看似好一些,但做的最好的 twitter PWA,但我深度体验一年后,发现和 Native 应用比差距还是很大,这已经算全世界做的最好的 PWA APP 了,由此可见 PWA 推广道路之艰辛。不过 PWA 还是有很多值得学习参考的知识点的,还是有必要学习一下的。
Web Worker/Service Worker 加起来也有 22 篇文章,Web Worker 主要用来分散主线程的计算任务,Service Worker 主要起 Web Network 拦截器的作用(从效果上其实也可以归类到网络性能优化里),内容也是值得学习的。
浏览器分类主要是一些我不知道怎么分类的浏览器特性,比如说 BFCache,Web 存储方案介绍等等,内容相对较杂。
剩下的内容其实都比较散:
WebGL/WebGPU 的内容不多,而且成文时间也很早,而且 Web 3D 虽然依托于浏览器平台,但实际上和传统的 Web 开发完全是两回事,所以内容少也可以理解 WebXR 内容也很少,主要还是功能介绍 Wasm 内容也较少,主要是入门教程 安全领域主要是对一些安全特性/安全 API 做的介绍 Web Component 有几篇很不错的系列教程可以当入门文章看
其实这些功能都属于叫好不叫座的状态,它们都大大提高了 Web 的上限,但是现实是没有几家公司需要突破传统 Web 的上限,大家其实都遵循一个原则——能跑就行。
5.提案/API
种类 | 篇数 | 时间跨度 |
---|---|---|
提案/实验性功能/新 API | 42 | 主要为 2019-2022 |
这部分内容对于普通开发者来说其实不是很必要。一是提案/实验性功能/新 API都比较新,有兼容性问题,一般很难在项目中落地;二是在现实场景里,基本上很少有需求需要用到 Web 的 File API/Bluetooth API 等功能,一般这些场景都是遇到再看,所以这部分内容其实只要知道有就可以,要用到再看细节也不迟。
Blog 链接
这部分内容是整理出的 Blog 内容,我对其标注了发布时间和文件标题,并对一些内容做了简评,方便后续搜索和查看。
Web Vitals
2022-5-16: How do modern frameworks perform on the new INP metric 2022-5-11: How SPA architectures affect Core Web Vitals 2022-1-18: Core Web Vitals workflows with Google tools 介绍了可以测量 Core Web Vitals 的一些通用工具 2021-8-17: Why lab and field data can be different (and what to do about it) 介绍了 实验室数据和用户统计数据 两者的不同,以及产生这些不同的可能原因
2021-6-21: Towards a better responsiveness metric,对 FID 指标的探索 2021-6-2: CSS for Web Vitals,利用 CSS 优化 Web Vitals 2021-6-2: Evolving Cumulative Layout Shift in web tooling,CLS 在 web 性能工具里的发展 2021-5-19: Techniques to make a web app load fast, even on a feature phone,里面的性能优化流程挺不错的,每一步优化都有数据 2021-5-11: Optimizing Web Vitals using Lighthouse,Lighthouse 对 Web Vitals 指标的检测和优化建议 2021-5-11: Debug layout shifts,layout shifts 引起的原因以及如何识别、测量和修复 2021-5-9: How CLS optimizations increased Yahoo! JAPAN News's page views per session by 15% 2021-5-9: Aspect Ratio Boxes,一个保持长宽比的盒子
2021-4-7: Evolving the CLS metric,CLS 指标的测量细节 2021-4-1: Debug Web Vitals in the field,讲如何测量 Web Vitals 指标 2021-1-25: Feedback wanted: The road to a better layout shift metric for long-lived pages,对 CLS 指标的探索 2020-8-20: Optimize Largest Contentful Paint 2020-8-17: Optimize Cumulative Layout Shift 2020-7-17: Relating site speed and business metrics,性能测试方法论 2020-5-28: Tools to measure Core Web Vitals 2020-5-27: Getting started with measuring Web Vitals 2020-5-27: Defining the Core Web Vitals metrics thresholds 2020-5-20: Optimize First Input Delay 2020-5-19: What's New in Lighthouse 6.0 2020-5-11: Best practices for measuring Web Vitals in the field 2020-1-8: Advancing the web framework ecosystem,讲了一些框架在性能上的探索 2019-12-16: Speed tooling evolutions: highlights from Chrome Developer Summit 2019,新的 LCP/CLS 指标的提出 2019-12-16: Lighthouse evolution: continuous integration, new performance score formula, and more 2019-9-30: Fixing layout instability,修复布局偏移 https://www.npmjs.com/package/source-map-explorer
2019-5-31: What should you measure to improve performance? 2019-5-29: Are long JavaScript tasks delaying your Time to Interactive?,TTI 的优化,要把大于 50ms 的长任务进行分块处理 2019-5-24: Speed at scale: what's new in web performance? 2019-5-5: How to report metrics and build a performance culture 2018-8-21: Web Performance Made Easy - Google I/O 2018 edition,网站优化指南 https://github.com/aFarkas/lazysizes#readme
2018-8-17: How To Think About Speed Tools,介绍了一些对性能的误解,还有一些性能统计工具 2014-1-21: User timing API,Timing API 的使用
网络
2022-3-8: Optimizing resource loading with Priority Hints fetchpriority
属性的运用,用来修改资源加载优先级,Chrome101 可用这里面有资源加载优先级的表格和说明:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bCDuq9H1ih9iNjgzyAL0gpwNFiEP4TZS-YLRp_RuMlc/edit#heading=h.ua1godj1atee Preload,Chrome 50,iOS 11.3 Preconnect,Chrome 46,iOS 11.3 dns-prefetch:Chrome 4 https://wicg.github.io/priority-hints/ https://addyosmani.com/blog/script-priorities/
2022-2-24: Optimizing third-party script loading in Next.js 2022-2-7: Improve security and privacy by updating HTTP Cache 2021-10-14: Referrer,跨域安全内容,内含 strict-origin-when-cross-origin 介绍 2021-10-8: Assessing loading performance in the field with Navigation Timing and Resource Timing,统计资源请求的流程和时间 2021-10-5: Best practices for using third-party embeds 第三方嵌入的内容(地图/视频/图片等)优化方案:延迟加载/图片占位图/交互时再加载 https://web.dev/third-party-facades/
2021-9-29: Using WebTransport,一种新的网络传输方式 2021-9-22: Streaming requests with the fetch API,可以在 fetch stream 的时候在结束前处理结果 2021-9-10: Improving user privacy and developer experience with User-Agent Client Hints,新的 HTTP User-Agent 2021-6-15: The performance effects of too much lazy-loading 对懒加载的调研,发现 wordpress 一个不合理的优化:他们的懒加载会把首屏的图片也懒加载了,这样会劣化 LCP
2022-6-14: Security headers quick reference,跨域安全相关的 HTTP Header 2021-4-22: Keeping third-party scripts under control,对第三方网站的治理流程 2021-2-1: Requesting performance isolation with the Origin-Agent-Cluster header,新的 HTTP 头 2021-1-25: When to use HTTPS for local development,什么时候要用到本地 HTTPS 开发调试 2021-1-25: How to use HTTPS for local development 2020-12-16: Publish, ship, and install modern JavaScript for faster applications https://estimator.dev/: 计算网站在采用现代 JavaScript 语法后可实现的尺寸和性能改进 网站 JS 代码膨胀的原因:转换现代语法到传统语法,体积膨胀 20%;polyfill lib helpers 函数带来的体积膨胀 介绍了 package.json/webpack/Rollup/babel 的配置参数
2020-12-11: Love your cache ❤️,简单的介绍了 HTTP 缓存 2020-11-20: 对 Same-Site 的介绍 Feedback wanted: CORS for private networks (RFC1918) 2020-10-28: Measuring offline usage 2020-9-22: Content delivery networks (CDNs),对 CDN 的介绍 2020-6-17: Improving page dismissal in synchronous XMLHttpRequest(),网络保活方案 2022-6-9: Signed Exchanges (SXGs),加速 HTTPS 连接改善 FCP 2020-5-31: Fix an overloaded server,服务器网络优化策略 2020-5-11: How to set up Signed HTTP Exchanges (SXG) using nginx 2020-5-11: How to distribute Signed HTTP Exchanges (SXG) using nginx 2020-5-5: How Google improved ads performance with stale-while-revalidate 2020-4-29: Improved Next.js and Gatsby page load performance with granular chunking 2018-12-6: HTTP/2 Prioritization
2019-12-16: Adaptive loading: improving web performance on slow devices,根据网络情况自适应加载资源 2019-9-12: Prefetch resources to speed up future navigations,Prefetch 的一些运用,用来优化导航性能 A Netflix Web Performance Case Study https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/quicklink
2019-7-30: Establish network connections early to improve perceived page speed,preconnect 和 dns-prefetch 的运用 https://www.igvita.com/posa/high-performance-networking-in-google-chrome/
2019-7-18: Keeping things fresh with stale-while-revalidate, stale-while-revalidate
的介绍2019-7-8: Faster web navigation with predictive prefetching,一个用来集成到 webpack 等配置里的 prefetch 框架,但是需要集成 google 分析等数据用来分析高频页面的交互数据,里面还有机器学习模型进行预测 https://github.com/guess-js https://guess-js.github.io/docs http://instantclick.io/
2019-6-6: Sending messages with web push libraries,对 Web Push 的介绍 2018-8-17: Decrease front-end size,webpack 的一些优化项 2015-5-27: Enabling HTTPS on Your Servers,如何在服务器上开启 HTTPS 2020-5-25: WebSocketStream: integrating streams with the WebSocket API 2020-2-19: How to set up Signed Exchanges using Web Packager 2015-3-27: Important Security Terminology,对 HTTPS 的介绍 https://www.susielu.com/data-viz/bundle-buddy,chunk 拆包的介绍 2013-6-5: Deep dive into the murky waters of script loading,浏览器如何加载资源 标准:https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#script https://hacks.mozilla.org/2009/06/defer/ 动态创建并添加到 HTML 中的脚本默认是 async 的,所以时序无法保证
2012-10-20: Introducing WebSockets - Bringing Sockets to the Web
渲染
2022-4-11: Bringing instant page-loads to the browser through speculative prerendering 只有 Chrome 支持
2019-8-27: Rendering on the Web 介绍了 CSR/NSR/Rehydration/Prerendering 等方案,里面有个非常经典的图
2011-10-21: Avoiding Unnecessary Paints - Animated GIF Edition 2011-8-16: Improving HTML5 Canvas performance,canvas 性能优化 2011-6-3: HTML5 techniques for optimizing mobile performance,文章比较老了
下面的文章其实都是 15 年写的,18 年修订的:https://web.dev/authors/paullewis/
2015-5-20: Stick to Compositor-Only Properties and Manage Layer Count,利用合成器属性、管理视图图层(layer) 2015-5-20: Simplify paint complexity and reduce paint areas,减少 Paint 操作带来的影响 2015-5-20: Rendering Performance,改进渲染性能 2015-5-20: Reduce the scope and complexity of style calculations,减少样式计算的范围和复杂性 2015-5-20: Optimize JavaScript execution,优化 JS 执行性能 2015-5-20: Debounce your input handlers 2015-5-20: Avoid large, complex layouts and layout thrashing,避免布局抖动 2014-8-8: The Basics of easing,动画曲线 2014-8-8: Custom easing,动画曲线 2014-8-8: Choosing the right easing,动画时间 2014-8-8: Asymmetric animation timing,动画时间的选择 2014-8-8: Animations and performance,动画性能,will-change属性 2014-8-8: CSS versus JavaScript animations,CSS 动画与 JS 动画 2013-6-28: Antialiasing 101,抗锯齿 2013-5-8: Avoiding unnecessary paints,避免没必要的 paint 2013-4-12: CSS paint times and page render weight,CSS 不同属性不同组合对渲染性能的影响 2013-5-11: Accelerated Rendering in Chrome,chrome 中的加速渲染 2012-11-2: Jank busting for better rendering performance 2012-12-20: Scrolling performance,滚动性能 2012-11-2: Jank busting for better rendering performance,更好的滚动性能 2011-10-21: Avoiding Unnecessary Paints - Animated GIF Edition 2011-8-5: How browsers work:浏览器如何运行的,文章比较老了
图片
https://images.tooling.report/,查询各个 SaaS 服务对图片的优化 Building an adaptive favicon,用 svg 代替 ico 图标 Building an effective Image Component,利用一个 image 组件优化图片大小/宽高/优先级 2021-6-7: Using AVIF to compress images on your site,介绍了 AVIF 图片格式 2020-2-14: AVIF for Next-Generation Image Coding,Netflix 使用 AVIF 带来的图片优化 2019-11-22: Feedback from the summer 2019 image optimization survey LQIP:https://www.guypo.com/introducing-lqip-low-quality-image-placeholders
2019-9-30: Preloading responsive images,响应式图片 + Preload 2019-9-23: Optimize images with Thumbor,压缩图片的cdn,主要介绍了配置 2019-9-3: Going beyond images with basic video for the web 2019-6-24: Top tips for web performance,图片尺寸优化,主要是利用浏览器属性 2019-5-31: Image policies for fast load times and more,浏览器对图片优化做的一些 API 2014-5-28: Easy high DPI images 2014-8-29: Responsive images,早期的图片优化方案 2012-10-15: Splash vector graphics on your responsive site
字体
2022-1-19: Introduction to variable fonts on the web,可变字体,一个字体文件可用动态切换多个字重(旧的字体需要多个字体文件) 2021-7-30: Use advanced typography with local fonts,直接访问本地字体。因为用户安装的本地字体容易被黑客利用获取用户隐私,所以只允许访问白名单和操作系统内置的字体 Web 安全字体:https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals#Web_safe_fonts 安全字体表(Win & Mac):https://www.cssfontstack.com/ 浏览器指纹:http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Nataliia.Bielova/papers/Lape-etal-20-TWEB.pdf
2021-6-9: CSS size-adjust for @font-face,新的 css 属性,防止字体切换的时候带来布局变动从而劣化 CLS 指标 2021-6-3: Best practices for fonts 内联字体声明(而不是内联字体本身) preconnect + preload 字体裁剪 + 可变字体 font-display 的使用
2020-7-3: Optimize WebFont loading and rendering 介绍了浏览器加载字体的默认行为,并说明了一些字体属性的运用
2020-5-26: More variable font options for the macOS system-ui font in Chromium 83,可变字体控制 2020-5-18: Prevent layout shifting and flashes of invisible text (FOIT) by preloading optional fonts,介绍了 font-display: optional 在 chrome83 的改动,由原来的布局抖动模式变成加载前 或 100ms 前白屏显示了 2018-4-23: 通过预加载 web 字体提高加载速度 https://font-display.glitch.me/:介绍了 font-display 的行为模式 https://css-tricks.com/font-display-masses/
JS/框架
2022-5-18: Perform efficient per-video-frame operations on video with requestVideoFrameCallback() 2021-6-28: Resource inlining in JavaScript frameworks 内联首屏/关键 css,减少一次网络请求 内联字体声明
2021-6-7: Observing compute pressure,测量 CPU 数据的 API 2021-5-8: JavaScript: What is the meaning of this?,对 JS 中 this 的介绍 2021-2-25: Streams—The definitive guide,对浏览器中的 Streams API 的介绍 2020-9-29: Detached window memory leaks,内存泄漏检测 2020-8-20: Choose the best build tool for your project with tooling.report https://bundlers.tooling.report/,用来对比不同构建工具的特点/优点/缺点
2020-5-26: How CommonJS is making your bundles larger。tree-shaking 的运用 The Cost Of JavaScript In 2018 The cost of JavaScript in 2019 · V8,有 JS bundle 大小的测量和考据
2020-4-29: Improved Next.js and Gatsby page load performance with granular chunking,通过分包提高性能 2019-4-29: Virtualize large lists with react-window,虚拟滚动列表 2019-8-13: Third-party JavaScript performance 2018-10-10: Async functions - making promises friendly,介绍 async function 2013-6-21: Static memory javascript with Object Pools,JS 对象池 2013-6-13: Use forensics and detective work to solve JavaScript performance mysteries,JS 性能问题的排查,使用了 V8 做调试 2012-10-11: Performance tips for JavaScript in V8,文章较老,但内容也有参考价值
CSS
2022-5-11: Grid Bridging the gap 2021-10-19: Improved dark mode default styling with the color-scheme CSS property and the corresponding meta tag 2021-8-17: Using CSS Module Scripts to import stylesheets,Chrome 93 可用 2021-6-9: Building a color scheme,通过 hsl() 和 calc() 构建可动态计算的颜色主题 2021-5-27: New CSS functional pseudo-class selectors :is() and :where() 2021-5-22: Compat 2021: Eliminating five top compatibility pain points on the web,CSS flex/grid/sticky/aspect-ratio/transform 兼容性 2021-5-9: content-visibility: the new CSS property that boosts your rendering performance 2021-1-28: New aspect-ratio CSS property supported in Chromium, Safari Technology Preview, and Firefox Nightly,新的 css 属性 aspect-ratio,用来替换 padding-top hack,只有 Chrome88 以上和 iOS15 支持 2020-12-16: Centering in CSS,介绍了几种 CSS 居中对齐的方案 2020-12-10: Cross-browser paint worklets and Houdini.how,介绍了 Houdini 这种新方案 2020-10-14: min(), max(), and clamp(): three logical CSS functions to use today 2020-9-14: Apply effects to images with CSS's mask-image property 2020-9-14: Create interesting image shapes with CSS's clip-path property 2020-9-2: Custom bullets with CSS ::marker,修改 li 标签前面的小圆点样式 2020-7-21: @property: giving superpowers to CSS variables,CSS Houdini 相关的 API 2020-7-7: Ten modern layouts in one line of CSS 2020-7-7: Pixel-perfect rendering with devicePixelContentBox,像素相关的 API 2020-5-27: Web Animations API improvements in Chromium 84 2020-9-24: Next-generation web styling 2020-8-2: prefers-color-scheme: Hello darkness, my old friend,如何在网页上开启暗黑模式以及相关要注意的点 2019-9-19: Smarter custom properties with Houdini’s new API 2019-5-29: Extract critical CSS,提取首屏 CSS 2019-5-29: Extract and inline critical CSS with Critical,使用 Critical 提取首屏关键 CSS 14KB:
2019-8-29: Create OS-style backgrounds with backdrop-filter 2019-5-9: What's the CSS :scope pseudo-class for? 2014-9-17: Getting Started with CSS Shapes 2012-5-25: Understanding CSS filter effects
UI
2021-12-18: How Terra improved user engagement thanks to Dark Mode 2021-5-26: The new responsive: Web design in a component-driven world 2021-4-20: Building split text animations,文字动效 2021-5-17: Building a Settings component,偏向设计的 CSS 运用指南 2021-2-17: Building a Tabs component,Tab 组件的构建,用了很多 CSS 技巧 2021-1-26: Best practices for carousels,轮播图的最佳实践 2021-1-21: Building a sidenav component,对 sidenav 组件的探索 2020-12-9: Payment and address form best practices,表单设计 2020-11-25: Building a Stories component 2020-5-14: Responsive web design basics,响应式设计基础知识 2019-8-31: Icons and browser colors,定义浏览器的组件颜色 2013-12-18: HTML's New Template Tag,HTML <template> 标签
交互
2022-2-16: prefers-reduced-motion: Sometimes less movement is more,查询用户偏好,显示/关闭网页动画 2021 Scroll Survey Report,一篇介绍滚动交互的报告 2021-5-29: Read files in JavaScript 2021-9-10: JavaScript eventing deep dive 对 preventDefault
和stopPropagation
的深入研究
2021-5-30: Best practices for cookie notices,Cookie 通知的最佳实践 2021-5-22: Control camera pan, tilt, and zoom 2020-2-22: Scroll snapping after layout changes 2020-7-24: Multi-device content 这里面介绍了一个概念,The next billion users,下一个十亿用户,指收入少设备差但是又有上网需求的用户,但和中国的农村用户不重叠(国内的网络要比亚非拉等地的网络好很多)
2019-6-8: Accessibility 2019-8-7: Animating Modal Views 2019-8-11: Animating Between Views 2019-12-6: Accessibility tips for web developers 2018-9-20: Basics of UX 2018-9-20: Add touch to your site,对触摸事件的说明 2013-5-13: Touch and mouse
Web Worker/Service Worker
2021-10-29: Bringing service workers to Google Search 2021-6-14: Indexing your offline-capable pages with the Content Indexing API,让 Service Worker 能够告诉浏览器哪些页面可以离线工作 2021-5-13: ES modules in service workers 2020-12-10: Extending Workbox,Workbox 是一个用来处理 Service Worker 缓存的工具箱,这篇文章主要介绍了如何制定自定义的缓存方案 2020-12-8: Workers overview 介绍了 Web Worker 和 Service Worker Web Worker:主要是做复杂计算的,抽象库:https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/comlink,介绍:https://surma.dev/things/when-workers/ Service Worker:主要是拦截网络请求的,抽象库:https://developer.chrome.com/docs/workbox/
Imperative caching guide:命令式单向缓存 Broadcast updates to pages with service workers:广播式更新 Two-way communication with service workers:双向通讯 2019-12-5: Use web workers to run JavaScript off the browser's main thread
2020-10-6: Handling range requests in a service worker 2020-8-20: Resilient search experiences,Using a service worker to save a search query when a user goes offline and then automatically retry the query once a connection is re-established. 2020-8-20: Adaptive loading with service workers,使用 service workers 加载自适应资源 2020-7-17: Service worker caching and HTTP caching,缓存 2020-7-13: Handling navigation requests,Service Worker 处理导航请求 2020-4-27: The Cache API: A quick guide,Cache API,用来控制网络缓存,尽管它被定义在 service worker 的标准中, 但是它不必一定要配合 service worker 使用 2019-12-17: Threading the web with module workers 2019-6-4: Service worker mindset https://serviceworkies.com/:一个学习 Service worker 的游戏网站
2018-9-20: Service worker registration 2018-2-27: Measuring the Real-world Performance Impact of Service Workers 2015-10-1: Service Workers in Production 2013-7-30: The synchronous FileSystem API for workers
PWA
2022-6-8: Get things done quickly with app shortcuts 2022-5-30: Integrate with the OS sharing UI with the Web Share API 2022-5-28: Badging for app icons,在桌面图标上显示角标 2021-9-16: Is your app installed? getInstalledRelatedApps() will tell you! 2021-6-7: Receiving shared data with the Web Share Target API 2021-5-19: Adaptive icon support in PWAs with maskable icons,PWA 的启动图标 2020-10-14: WebAPKs on Android 2020-8-20: Instant navigation experiences 2020-8-8: Richer offline experiences with the Periodic Background Sync API 2020-7-10: Progressively enhance your Progressive Web App,渐进式增强 PWA,但是有很多可以学习的点 2019-12-19: Integrate PWAs into built-in sharing UIs with Workbox 2019-11-8: OYO Lite: a TWA with the best of web and Android apps 2019-8-19: Progressive Web Apps in multi-origin sites 2019-6-12: Address Bar Install for Progressive Web Apps on the Desktop 2019-6-4: How do I notify users that my PWA is installable? 2016-6-10: Building the Google I/O 2016 Progressive Web App
安全
2022-1-25: Digging into the Privacy Sandbox 2021-12-21: Making your website "cross-origin isolated" using COOP and COEP 2021-12-10: Getting started with Trust Tokens 2020-7-16: Empowering payment apps with Web Payments 2021-5-21: Why should you deploy a strict Content Security Policy (CSP)?,Web CSP 安全的相关内容 2020-6-10: Protect your resources from web attacks with Fetch Metadata 2020-6-19: Content security policy 2020-5-25: Android payment app developers guide 2020-5-4: Why you need "cross-origin isolated" for powerful features 2016-5-17: EME WTF?
浏览器
2022-7-1: The end of Internet Explorer 2021-11-15: Back/forward cache,介绍了 BFCache 2021-8-23: Preparing for AppCache removal,移除 AppCache 的支持 2021-7-29: Browser-level lazy-loading for CMSs 2021-1-25: Human interface devices on the web: a few quick examples 2021-1-8: Automating audits with AutoWebPerf,性能测试工具 2021-1-7: Deprecating Excalidraw Electron in favor of the web version https://youmightnotneedelectron.com/,也许不需要 electron 的原因:Web 提供了很多 API
2020-9-3: Introducing <model-viewer> 1.1 2020-8-21: The <model-viewer> web component 2020-8-5: Web on Android,简单介绍了 Android 上的 WebView 架构 2020-5-26: ResizeObserver: it’s like document.onresize for elements 2020-4-27: Storage for the web,介绍了几种 web storage 的不同 2019-6-5: Making JavaScript and Google Search work together,这个意味着 Google SEO 机器人可以爬取 SPA 这种大量依赖 JS 生成网站的网页,属于一个非常大的进步了 https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2019/05/the-new-evergreen-googlebot
2019-3-16: Introduction to fetch(),对 fetch API 的介绍 2018-9-20: Best Practices for Using IndexedDB 2018-9-20: Web storage overview,介绍 Web 上的存储方案 2018-9-20: Social discovery
WebGL/WebGPU
2022-5-1: Get started with GPU Compute on the web,简单介绍了 WebGPU 2013-9-16: Canvas inspection using Chrome DevTools,对 canvas 的调试 2012-7-20: Typed arrays - Binary data in the browser 2012-6-20: WebGL orthographic 3D 2012-8-18: WebGL transforms 2012-2-9: WebGL Fundamentals 2011-6-2: An introduction to shaders
WebXR
2020-6-4: Positioning virtual objects in real-world views 2020-5-2: Virtual reality comes to the web 2020-2-13: Virtual reality comes to the web, part II 2020-2-13: Augmented reality: You may already know it 2018-7-30: Welcome to the immersive web 2017-2-2: Rendering Text in WebVR 2017-2-2: Core Interactions in the WebVR Lab 2017-2-2: Matterport VR for WebVR 2017-11-6: Bear 71 and WebVR
WebAssembly
2021-8-13: Emscripten’s embind 2021-4-26: Using asynchronous web APIs from WebAssembly 2020-8-13: Debugging memory leaks in WebAssembly using Emscripten https://developer.chrome.com/docs/web-platform/webgpu/
2019-9-22: Emscripten and npm 2019-6-20: How we're bringing Google Earth to the web 2019-9-25: WebAssembly Threads ready to try in Chrome 70 2018-8-22: Extending the browser with WebAssembly 2018-10-23: Loading WebAssembly modules efficiently
Web Component
2022-2-23: Constructable Stylesheets 2019-6-18: Web components: the secret ingredient helping power the web 2018-9-20: Building components Custom Elements: 2019-9-5: Custom Elements v1 - Reusable Web Components Shadow DOM: 2020-6-27: Shadow DOM v1 - Self-Contained Web Components Best Practices: 2019-9-5: Custom Element Best Practices Examples 2017-8-14: HowTo Components – Overview 2017-10-11: HowTo Components – howto-tooltip 2017-10-11: HowTo Components – howto-tabs
2017-1-10: Web Components v1 - the next generation 2016-10-3: Shadow DOM 101 2016-10-3: Shadow DOM 201 2016-10-3: Shadow DOM 301
提案/实验性功能/新 API
2022-7-1: TransformStream is now supported cross-browser 2022-6-15: Let installed web applications be file handlers,file API 2022-6-2: The File System Access API: simplifying access to local files 2022-4-5: Breaking down barriers using the DataTransfer API,对 DataTransfer API 的介绍 2022-5-10: Unblocking clipboard access,现代浏览器 clipboard API 2022-5-6: Access USB Devices on the Web 2022-4-21: Read from and write to a serial port 2022-4-4: Capture Keys with the Keyboard Lock API 2022-2-10: Video processing with WebCodecs,处理视频流的新提案 2022-1-27: Interact with NFC devices on Chrome for Android 2021-10-1: Communicating with Bluetooth devices over JavaScript,蓝牙 API 2021-12-3: Notification Triggers 2021-11-2: Customize media notifications and playback controls with the Media Session API 2021-11-10: Managing several displays with the Multi-Screen Window Placement API,多显示器管理 API,需要开 flag 2021-8-25: Detect inactive users with the Idle Detection API,空闲检测 API 2021-5-19: Migrate to User-Agent Client Hints,新的 UA 属性,用 userAgentData 替代 userAgent,有个相关的 polyfill 库 2021-4-14: Declarative Shadow DOM 2021-2-26: Trust is good, observation is better: Intersection Observer v2 2021-2-23: Stay awake with the Screen Wake Lock API 2021-2-23: A contact picker for the web 2021-2-23: The Shape Detection API: a picture is worth a thousand words, faces, and barcodes 2021-2-23: WebSocketStream: integrating streams with the WebSocket API 2021-2-17: Sensors for the web,传感器 API(加速度/重力/陀螺仪/方向传感器) 2021-2-12: Improving user privacy and developer experience with User-Agent Client Hints 2021-1-26: Capturing an image from the user,相机相册 API 2021-1-25: Reading and writing files and directories with the browser-fs-access library,文件读取 API 2020-12-3: Building a device for WebUSB 2020-11-19: Better JS scheduling with isInputPending(),JS 调度新 API 2020-10-19: Monitor your web page's total memory usage with measureUserAgentSpecificMemory(),测量页面内存占用情况 2020-10-13: Logical layout enhancements with flow-relative shorthands,一个布局方向的提案 2020-7-24: It's time to lazy-load offscreen iframes!,iframe 懒加载 API 2020-5-27: Know your code health with the ReportingObserver API 2020-5-17: Boldly link where no one has linked before: Text Fragments,开放了一个新的 API,即使是非标题文字也能自动创建 hash fragments 了 2020-5-4: Profiling Web Audio apps in Chrome,音频调试工具 2019-11-11: Get started with Web Bundles 2019-8-8: More capable form controls 2019-6-13: Updates to the Web Payments APIs 2019-6-12: How YouTube improved video performance with the Media Capabilities API 2019-2-15: Hands-on with Portals: seamless navigation on the web 2018-3-14: Credential Management API Feature Detection Check-up 2013-10-29: Getting started with Web Audio API 2013-10-29: Getting started with Web Audio API
个人微信:egg_labs
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