Python模块--smtplib、email
概述
smtplib模块和email模块均是内置模块，smtplib模块提供了smtp协议功能，email模块提供了编写MIME格式内容的功能。
SMTP
SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议，属于TCP/IP协议簇，帮助每台计算机在发送或中转信件时找到下一个目的地。
相关帖子：
MIME
MIME（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions）多用途互联网邮件扩展类型，决定了邮件的组成内容和结构。
相关帖子：
python实例
第一段代码
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import email
import mimetypes
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage
import smtplib
def sendEmail(authInfo, fromAdd, toAdd, subject, plainText, htmlText):
strFrom = fromAdd
strTo = ', '.join(toAdd)
server = authInfo.get('server')
user = authInfo.get('user')
passwd = authInfo.get('password')
if not (server and user and passwd) :
print 'incomplete login info, exit now'
return
# 设定root信息
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
msgRoot['From'] = strFrom
msgRoot['To'] = strTo
msgRoot.preamble = 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'
# Encapsulate the plain and HTML versions of the message body in an
# 'alternative' part, so message agents can decide which they want to display.
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
#设定纯文本信息
msgText = MIMEText(plainText, 'plain', 'utf-8')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
#设定HTML信息
msgText = MIMEText(htmlText, 'html', 'utf-8')
msgAlternative.attach(msgText)
#设定内置图片信息
fp = open('test.jpg', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
#发送邮件
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
#设定调试级别，依情况而定
smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
smtp.connect(server)
smtp.login(user, passwd)
smtp.sendmail(strFrom, strTo, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()
return
if __name__ == '__main__' :
authInfo = {}
authInfo['server'] = 'smtp.somehost.com'
authInfo['user'] = 'username'
authInfo['password'] = 'password'
fromAdd = 'username@somehost.com'
toAdd = ['someone@somehost.com', 'other@somehost.com']
subject = '邮件主题'
plainText = '这里是普通文本'
htmlText = '<B>HTML文本</B>'
sendEmail(authInfo, fromAdd, toAdd, subject, plainText, htmlText)
文件形式的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
HTML形式的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>','html','utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = subject
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
带图片的HTML邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8')
msgRoot.attach(msgText)
fp = open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()
带附件的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message'
#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
msgRoot.attach(att)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()
群邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
sender = '***'
receiver = ['***','****',……]
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
msg = MIMEText('你好','plain','utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = subject
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
各种元素都包含的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "Link"
# Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"
html = """\
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<p>Hi!<br>
How are you?<br>
Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.
</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')
# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)
#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
msg.attach(att)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
基于SSL的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'
msg = MIMEText('你好','plain','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
参考帖子
https://www.cnblogs.com/xcblogs-python/p/5727238.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/haq5201314/p/8728016.html
或
https://www.cnblogs.com/chenjianhong/p/4144304.html
http://www.jb51.net/web/25072.html
https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_Types#重要的MIME类型
https://blog.csdn.net/wangxh_haha/article/details/78037449
https://www.cnblogs.com/duanguyuan/p/5208590.html
