linux内核编程笔记【原创】

以下为本人学习笔记,如有转载请注明出处,谢谢

1. service用法 oneshot

DEFINE_MUTEX(buzzer_mutex);

 

mutex_lock(&buzzer_mutex);

mutex_unlock(&buzzer_mutex);

 

static void WriteNumber(const char *fileName, int number)

{                                                

         FILE *fp;                                                                                    

         fp = fopen(fileName, "w");                   

         if (fp == NULL) {                            

             LCD_DEBUG("open %s error, errno %d\n", fileName, errno);

             return; 

         }     

        fprintf(fp, "%d", number);

        fclose(fp);

 }

 

service aa /usr/bin/aa
class core
user root
group root
critical
onrestart restart aa
onrestart restart tt

#service bbd /usr/bin/bb
service bb /usr/bin/app_bbl_read
user root
group root
oneshot

 

2.【Shell脚本】怎样表示一个for循环

作者:gnuhpc 
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/gnuhpc/

在此说一下我常用的两个结构: 
1. 
for i in $(seq 1 100); do 
        echo $i 
done 
2. 
for (( i = 1 ; $i <= 100; i++ )) ;do 
         echo $i; 
done

作者:gnuhpc 
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/gnuhpc/

 

3.对于关闭抢占的内核接口

看内核接口是同步还是异步,比方说msleep就是异步接口,会休眠让出cpu

mdelay是忙等待,不会让出cpu

如果是同步接口的话,对于单核cpu,就不会出现多进程同时调用同一个接口出错的情况

如果是异步接口的话,就得具体问题具体分析,如果是仅仅避免多个进程调度同一个接口的情况的话,加信号量或者普通的锁就可以,不一定要加互斥锁,

如果是又有中间层调度接口,又有用户态上层调度接口,那么就另当别论了

 

spin_lock这种锁是用来多核cpu共同调用同个接口的问题,

mutex_lock这种是会休眠,同个cpu的互斥锁,如果是进程上下文就可以用,如果是中断上下文就不能用这种锁,因为这种锁会休眠,中断中是不允许休眠的

 

local_irq_save(flags);

local_irq_restore(flags);

 

spin_lock_irqsave(&iproc_bbl->lock, flags);

spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iproc_bbl->lock, flags);

 

4.网上大家经常碰到的不能连接问题:

请在运行-cmd输入netstat -n 查看5222端口是否在建立状态 ESTABLISHED,这个方法来源自网络,部落没有遇到过.另外,还有一个,就是清空本地本地DNS缓存,具体步骤如下:

在windows下运行运行菜单,开始->运行,输入"CMD"进行命令行窗口,然后输入 ipconfig/flushdns 按回车键

 

5.休眠唤醒调试

kernel/power/main.c中可以通过打印链表的信息,在休眠唤醒的时候将每个唤醒的源消耗的时间打印出来

 dpm_run_callback() ----》drivers/base/power

 

6.中断中不可以加入打印

中断处理函数应该避免调用不可重入函数, 因为新的中断可能发生并打断正在执行任务中,如果当前任务调用了一些不可重入的函数,将会产生错误。
一些常用库函数如printf,malloc,free等都是不可重入函数,因为在函数中引用了全局变量, 这个道理因该很容易明白了吧?
例如, printf会引用全局变量stdout,malloc,free会引用全局的内存分配表。

 

arch/arm/kernel/debug.S:157: Error: too many positional arguments

 

7.sys文件节点要注意返回值

static inline ssize_t show_counter_sysfs(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct asiu_pwm_chip *asiu_pwm = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
int i, n;
long value;

n=0;
if(asiu_pwm) {
for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
value = __onepulse_pwm_counter_extend(i);
n += sprintf(buf + n, "pwm_id(%d)----0x%x \n", i, value);
}
return n;
}
else
return -1;
}

static struct device_attribute sysfs_misc_list[] = {
__ATTR(onepluse_counter,S_IRUGO , show_counter_sysfs, NULL),
};

 

/* tp info show include tp sw version, fw version, cfg csum, hw version */
static ssize_t tp_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
struct synaptics_rmi4_data *rmi4_data = exp_data.rmi4_data;
int len = 0;
int retval;
unsigned char config_id[4];

if (NULL == rmi4_data || !f34_ctrl_base_addr)
return -1;
/* Get device config ID */
retval = synaptics_rmi4_reg_read(rmi4_data,
f34_ctrl_base_addr,
config_id, sizeof(config_id));
if (retval < 0) {
dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
"%s: Failed to read device config ID\n", __func__);
return -1;
}
len =
scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE, "SW:%s\n",
SYNAPTICS_DSX_DRV_VERSION);

/* combine FW and CFG CSUM */
#define SPLIT_TAG "_CFGID"

len +=
scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE, "FW:%u%s%02x%02x%02x%02x\n", rmi4_data->firmware_id,
SPLIT_TAG,
config_id[0],
config_id[1],
config_id[2],
config_id[3]);
/*
len +=
scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE,
"CFG ID:0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x\n", config_id[0],
config_id[1], config_id[2], config_id[3]);
*/
/* add for chipset name */
len += scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE, "CHIP NAME:%s\n", "synaptics");

return len;
}

sys 文件节点写函数的时候,sh: write error: Bad address,这种错误一般是return没有返回正确的值,

什么值是正确的呢?那就是count,长度这些才可以,那么系统是怎么识别的呢?要取决于文件系统和echo的实现

static ssize_t test_sysfs_get_report_store(struct device *dev,
        struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
    int retval;
    unsigned char command;
    unsigned long setting;
    struct synaptics_rmi4_data *rmi4_data = f54->rmi4_data;

    retval = sstrtoul(buf, 10, &setting);
    if (retval)
        return retval;

    printk("zbh 111 \r\n");
    
    if (setting != 1) {
        printk("zbh %s(): ---> %d\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    mutex_lock(&f54->status_mutex);

    retval = test_check_for_idle_status();
    if (retval < 0) {
        printk("zbh %s(): ---> %d\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);

        goto exit;
    }

    if (!test_report_type_valid(f54->report_type)) {
        dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
                "%s: Invalid report type\n",
                __func__);
        retval = -EINVAL;
        printk("zbh %s(): ---> %d\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);
        goto exit;
    }

    test_set_interrupt(true);

    command = (unsigned char)COMMAND_GET_REPORT;

    retval = synaptics_rmi4_reg_write(rmi4_data,
            f54->command_base_addr,
            &command,
            sizeof(command));
    if (retval < 0) {
        dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
                "%s: Failed to write get report command\n",
                __func__);
        goto exit;
    }

/* tddi f54 test reporting + */
#ifdef F54_POLLING_GET_REPORT

    retval = test_sysfs_get_report_polling();
    if (retval < 0) {
        dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
                "%s: Failed to get report image\n",
                __func__);
        printk("zbh 222 \r\n");
        goto exit;
    }

#else
/* tddi f54 test reporting - */

    f54->status = STATUS_BUSY;
    f54->report_size = 0;
    f54->data_pos = 0;

    hrtimer_start(&f54->watchdog,
            ktime_set(GET_REPORT_TIMEOUT_S, 0),
            HRTIMER_MODE_REL);

    retval = count;

#endif
    retval = count; // ===》如果去掉这一行的话,那么echo  1 > get_report 的话就会出现错误 sh: write error: Bad address

exit:
    mutex_unlock(&f54->status_mutex);

    printk("zbh %s(): retval=%d---> %d\r\n", __func__, retval, __LINE__);

    return retval;
}

 

因为bbl会影响打印机,1s=1000000us

Bbl的时钟是32.768kHz,

所以1000000/32768=30us左右

也就是这个时钟的精度是30us,而bbl寄存器读status状态是延时10us,太短了,至少要在一个clock完成后再读,所以改成延时35us,

 

8.shell脚本循环

#!/bin/sh

while true
do
let "i++"
echo "is $i"
done

 

9.查看这些宏CONFIG_SMP在linux内核中是否有定义

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP

要去linux3.6.5目录下.config文件

 

10.书写代码框架注意

goto 和return

 

static int asiu_pwmc_config(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm,

                            int duty_ns, int period_ns)

{

       struct asiu_pwm_chip *asiu_pwm = to_asiu_pwm_chip(chip);

       struct asiu_pwm_cfg *pwm_cfg;

       unsigned long period_counts, dutyhi_counts;

       unsigned long prescale = 0;

       unsigned long long ticks;

 

       if (pwm_cfg->enabled) {

              /* Change the PWM output with the new config */

        asiu_pwmc_disable(chip, pwm);

              //asiu_pwmc_enable(chip, pwm);

       }

 

 

#ifdef PWMC_DEBUG

       dev_info(chip->dev, "%s : [pwm-%d] duty_ns = %d, period_ns = %d\n",

                            __FUNCTION__, pwm->hwpwm, duty_ns, period_ns);

#endif

 

       if (duty_ns == 0 && period_ns ==0) {

              /* PWM stay low, duty cycle = 0% */

              prescale = 0;

              period_counts = 0;

              dutyhi_counts = 0;

       }

       else if (duty_ns >= period_ns) {

              /* PWM stay high, duty cycle = 100% */

              prescale = 0;

              period_counts = ASIU_PWM_PERIOD_MASK;

              dutyhi_counts = ASIU_PWM_DUTYHI_MASK;

       }

       else {

              ticks = (unsigned long long)period_ns * asiu_pwm->tick_hz;

              do_div(ticks, NSEC_PER_SEC);

              period_counts = ticks;

              prescale = period_counts >> ASIU_PWM_PEROID_WIDTH;

              if(prescale & ~ASIU_PWM_PRESCALE_MASK) {

                     dev_warn(chip->dev, "%s(%d) : period_counts = %d, prescale = 0x%x\n",

                                   __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, period_counts, prescale);

                     return -EINVAL;

              }

              ticks = (unsigned long long)duty_ns * asiu_pwm->tick_hz;

              do_div(ticks, NSEC_PER_SEC);

              dutyhi_counts = ticks;

       }

 

       pwm_cfg = pwm_get_chip_data(pwm);

       if (!pwm_cfg) {

              dev_warn(chip->dev, "fail to get pwm config data\n");

              return -ENOMEM;

       }

 

       pwm_cfg->prescale = prescale;

       pwm_cfg->period_cnt = period_counts;

       pwm_cfg->dutyhi_cnt = dutyhi_counts;

   

       if (pwm_cfg->enabled) {

              /* Change the PWM output with the new config */

             //asiu_pwmc_disable(chip, pwm);

              asiu_pwmc_enable(chip, pwm);

       }

 

#ifdef PWMC_DEBUG

       dev_info(chip->dev, "%s : pwm_cfg->prescale = %d, period_cnt = %d, dutyhi_cnt = %d\n",

                     __FUNCTION__, pwm_cfg->prescale, pwm_cfg->period_cnt, pwm_cfg->dutyhi_cnt);

#endif

       return 0;

}

 

对于如上框架:

进入config函数时先pwm_disable, 然后中间计算,最后enable

但是中间有很多return,我们做接口的目的有个宗旨

函数是为了改变原来的状态的,如果此函数运行失败返回,那么就要还原原来的场景,不要改变原来的场景

如上例子如果用中间用return,一开始执行了disable,那么中间如果执行失败return了,后面就不会执行enable,那么pwm状态就会变了,那么对于这种情况我们要使用goto到后面,然后再进行enable,就算失败了,也要还原之前的场景去enable,所以需要把上一次的值保存起来。

 

11.vim快捷键

vi  -d   a.c   b.c,可以对比

对比过程中,如果拷贝的话,可以用快捷键dp

 

12.对触摸屏中断的理解

触摸屏与cpu是由一个gpio中断口线相连,所有的中断都是由tp那端抛给cpu的,

Tp通过设定各种参数,刷新频率,扫描频率,电容值(即基准点),tp通过计算触摸屏上的点来决定是否发送中断给cpu,如果计算到没点,就不发送中断给cpu,如果计算到有点,那么就会发送中断给cpu,(注意:tp只要上电启动了那么就会一直进行运算),每次触摸屏上只要有按下,不管几个手指都会产生一个中断,抬起又产生一个中断,最小单位产生两个中断,如果是电平中断,一直按着手指,会不停的产生中断,产生中断的时间和次数由tp的运算速度决定,很难去量化,按下的手指越多,tp运算时间越长,至于有时候发现log有10个finger,和10个status状态,那是驱动代码在一个中断产生时遍历了report动作10次,这些finger和status是通过tp寄存器读取到再由驱动上报内核空间,最终通过input子系统发送给用户空间

 

 ===========================================================================================

13.怎么样让编译器对某些函数不再抱怨warning: unused parameter ‘xxx’?

转自:https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000002395334

#define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)x 

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

 

// 这两行是为了避免编译报警告

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);

}

 

如果可能,请务必用正常方法消除 warning,真的多余就去掉吧

方法一:

void foo(int a) {
    (void)a;
    // ...
}

方法二:

#ifdef __GNUC__
#  define UNUSED(x) UNUSED_ ## x __attribute__((__unused__))
#else
#  define UNUSED(x) UNUSED_ ## x
#endif

void foo(int UNUSED(a)) {
    // ...
}

参考:http://stackoverflow.com/a/12891181

 ===========================================================================================

 

字符串比较时,strncmp   strcmp 需要注意的地方,要注意比较长度 

if ((strlen(ts_keyword) != strlen(fw_ugd->ts_keyid)) ||
strcasecmp(ts_keyword, fw_ugd->ts_keyid)) {
printf("%s: check ts_keyword[%s],fw_ugd->ts_keyid[%s]\n",
__FUNCTION__, ts_keyword, fw_ugd->ts_keyid);
retval = TP_FW_ERR_TS_KEYID_COMPARE;
goto error;
}

 

中断 IRQF_ONESHOT 与 IRQF_SHARED 不能同时使用
当多个设备共享中断时,由于IRQF_ONESHOT会关闭中断线程的中断,而线程一般执行时间会比较长,所以是不允许的
当hardirq函数为NULL时,必须声明IRQF_ONESHOT, 表示threadirq线程中关闭该中断,在某些情况下,这个标志会非常有用
例如:设备是低电平产生中断,而硬中断函数为NULL,如果不使用IRQF_ONESHOT,就会一直产生中断执行NULL函数,中断线程
得不到执行,声明IRQF_ONESHOT后,会执行完线程才使能该中断  


14.devm_request_irq---- 这种架构会自己释放资源,不需要自己释放,交由devr内核链表管理

http://lxr.free-electrons.com/ident?i=devm_request_irq

15.这个网址可以查询内核源码

 

16.rm命令

删除除了 tt.c的所有文件,只保留tt.c不被删除
rm -rf !(tt.c)

 

17.查看当前项目有哪些远程仓库

$ git remote 

bixiaopeng@bixiaopengtekiMacBook-Pro wirelessqa$ git remote origin

查看远程仓库

$ git remote -v 
bixiaopeng@bixiaopengtekiMacBook-Pro wirelessqa$ git remote -v
origin     git@gitlab.***.com:xiaopeng.bxp/wirelessqa.git (fetch)
origin     git@gitlab.***.com:xiaopeng.bxp/wirelessqa.git (push)


0x1000 16*16*16=4096bit = 4KB


18.堆栈的限制

  堆栈空间的最大值是由setrlimit系统调用确定的,也可以通过bash内建的ulimit命令来设定和查看.

  例如:

  查看当前可使用的最大堆栈(以KB为单位)

  ulimit -s

  8192 //栈的大小默认是8M

  设定为最大的使用堆栈为15KB

  ulimit -s 15

  此时执行ls将会得到一个段错误.

  ls -l /etc/

  total 1040

  Segmentation fault

  通过用strace跟踪ls命令,将发现有如下的系统调用

  getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=15*1024, rlim_max=15*1024}) = 0

  说明当前可用的堆栈空间,已经不足以运行strace命令了.

 

 

19.Linux驱动调试中的Debugfs的使用简介

http://blog.csdn.net/wealoong/article/details/7992071

 

Linux DebugFS 子目录也是用debugfs_create_dir来实现

http://blog.csdn.net/superkris/article/details/8626517

mount来调试文件节点, sysfs节点调试方法

make menuconfig ----

Global build settings ------

Compile the kernel with Debug FileSystem enabled

 

Make kernel_menuconfig  --------------

Kernel hacking --------

Debug Filesystem

mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug

 

20.grep 命令

grep -run "\< abc \>"


21.检测内存泄露的方法

Make  kernel_menuconfig

Kernel hacking =======>

[*] Kernel memory leak detector  

(40000) Maximum kmemleak early log entries

 

[*] Compile the kernel with debug info  

 

make menuconfig

[*] Compile the kernel with Debug FileSystem enabled

[*] Compile the kernel with debug information

 

 

开机后

mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug

cd  /sys/kernel/debug

cat kmemleak

 

make  kernel_menuconfig

这个选项是说明

General setup ================>

Choose SLAB allocator (SLUB (Unqueued Allocator))

(X) SLUB (Unqueued Allocator)

[*] Enable SLUB debugging support

 

22.这里使用slub分配内存比slab更高效

 

我们在调试内核时,如果出现系统响应非常慢的情况

先看有没有死锁,用lockdep来检测

检测出来后再用ftrace来跟踪函数

如果出现kernel内存泄露,可以 用kmemleak来查看,查看前要确认内核使用哪个分配器,一般是slab或者slub

 cat /proc/meminfo     查看内存泄露

 

23.Linux设备驱动之semaphore机制

static noinline void __down(struct semaphore *sem);
static noinline int __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem);
static noinline int __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem);
static noinline int __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long jiffies);
static noinline void __up(struct semaphore *sem);

#define DEFINE_SEMAPHORE(name) \
struct semaphore name = __SEMAPHORE_INITIALIZER(name, 1)

static inline void sema_init(struct semaphore *sem, int val)
{
static struct lock_class_key __key;
*sem = (struct semaphore) __SEMAPHORE_INITIALIZER(*sem, val);
lockdep_init_map(&sem->lock.dep_map, "semaphore->lock", &__key, 0);
}

 

一个核,执行了两个死循环进程,那么这两个进程是通过内核的调度算法去选择要执行哪个进程的,最终会执行arm的指令,这两个进程在单和上是永远不可能同时执行的,MMU里面会有进程id寄存器

 

24.获得内核函数地址的四种方法 

 本文以获取内核函数 sys_open()的地址为例。
   1)从System.map文件中直接得到地址
      $ grep sys_open /usr/src/linux/System.map
   
   2)使用 nm 命令
      $ nm vmlinuz | grep sys_open
   
   3)从 /proc/kallsyms 文件获得地址
      $ cat /proc/kallsyms | grep sys_open
   
   4)使用 kallsyms_lookup_name() 函数
      是在kernel/kallsyms.c文件中定义的,要使用它必须启用CONFIG_KALLSYMS编译内核。
      kallsyms_lookup_name()接受一个字符串格式内核函数名,返回那个内核函数的地址。
        kallsyms_lookup_name("sys_open");

 

方法一、

通过打印函数地址,可以查看函数在哪里调用

例如:

Core.c   drivers\pwm

int pwm_config(struct pwm_device *pwm, int duty_ns, int period_ns)

{

         if (!pwm || period_ns == 0 || duty_ns > period_ns)

                   return -EINVAL;

 

    printk("%s  drivers\pwm Core.c----(%d)\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);

    printk("pwm->chip->ops->config=%p----(%d)\r\n", pwm->chip->ops->config, __LINE__);

         return pwm->chip->ops->config(pwm->chip, pwm, duty_ns, period_ns);

}

 

终端显示如下:

[   42.550000] pwm->chip->ops->config=c001b0c0----(378)

 

然后可以在

如下目录

Z:\linux-3.6.5

 

中的System.map中找到

c001b0c0  t  asiu_pwmc_config

就调用的是这个函数asiu_pwmc_config

 

方法二、

dump_stack()函数

 

25.打印语句的使用,带颜色的打印

#define RESETCOLOR "\033[0m"
#define GREEN "\033[0;32m"
#define RED "\033[0;31m"
#define LIGHT_RED "\033[1;31m"
#define YELLOW "\033[1;33m"
#define BLUE "\033[0;34m"
#define LIGHT_BLUE "\033[1;34m"
#define CYAN "\033[0;36m"
#define PURPLE "\033[0;35m"
#define LIGHT_PURPLE "\033[1;35m"
#define BROWN "\033[0;33m"
#define WHITE "\033[1;37m"
#define LIGHT_GRAY "\033[0;37m"
#define DARY_GRAY "\033[1;30m"

printf(YELLOW"**   10. set asiu_pwm while                               **"RESETCOLOR"\r\n");

printf(YELLOW"**"LIGHT_RED" 4. onepluse pwm disable "YELLOW"**"RESETCOLOR"\r\n");

 

RC文件延时方法

wait  /dev/zhangb   随便一个不存在的节点都可以,固定为延时5s 

 

如何增加打印信息---灵活使用宏定义:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define qWiFiDebug(format, ...) printf("[WiFi] "format" File:%s, Line:%d, Function:%s \r\n", ##__VA_ARGS__, __FILE__, __LINE__ , __FUNCTION__);


int main(void)
-{
| qWiFiDebug("aaaaaa -----");
|
| return 0;
|}

打印输出:

  ./a.out 

[WiFi] aaaaaa ----- File:a.c, Line:9, Function:main

 

#define RESETCOLOR    "\033[0m"
#define GREEN         "\033[0;32m"
#define RED           "\033[0;31m"
#define LIGHT_RED     "\033[1;31m"
#define YELLOW        "\033[1;33m"
#define BLUE          "\033[0;34m"
#define LIGHT_BLUE    "\033[1;34m"
#define CYAN          "\033[0;36m"
#define PURPLE        "\033[0;35m"
#define LIGHT_PURPLE  "\033[1;35m"
#define BROWN         "\033[0;33m"
#define WHITE         "\033[1;37m"
#define LIGHT_GRAY    "\033[0;37m"
#define DARY_GRAY     "\033[1;30m"

#define ZBH_TRACE_DEBUG            (1 << 0)
#define ZBH_TRACE_INIT                (1 << 1)
#define ZBH_TRACE_INT              (1 << 2)
#define ZBH_TRACE_X_Y_COORDINATE   (1 << 3)
#define ZBH_TRACE_FINGER_UP        (1 << 4)


#ifdef __BASE_FILE_NAME__
#define printk_get_basename(x)   __BASE_FILE_NAME__
#else
static char *printk_get_basename(char *path)
{
    char *p1 = path, *p2 = p1;
    while (*p1 != '\0') {
        if (*p1 == '/')
            p2 = p1 + 1;
        p1++;
    }
    return (p2);
}
#endif

//printk(KERN_INFO "[%s]"format"File:%s, Line:%d, Function:%s \r\n", \
        //      ##__VA_ARGS__, printk_get_basename(__FILE__), __LINE__, __FUNCTION__); \
//printk(KERN_INFO "[%s%4d@%18s] "format, GT1X_PREFIX, __LINE__, printk_get_basename(__FILE__), ##arg); \
//printk(KERN_INFO "[%s]"format"[File:%s, Line:%d, Function:%s] \r\n", ZBH_PREFIX, ##arg, printk_get_basename(__FILE__), __LINE__, __FUNCTION__); \

#define ZBH_PREFIX   "ZBH: "
#define zbh_trace(flag, format, arg...) \
do { \
    if (zbh_trace_param & flag) \
        printk(KERN_INFO "[%s%4d@ %s] %s(): "format, ZBH_PREFIX, __LINE__, \
            printk_get_basename(__FILE__), __FUNCTION__, ##arg); \            
} while (0)

#define zbh_printk(format, arg...) \
        printk(KERN_INFO "%s"format, ZBH_PREFIX, ##arg)

 

 

26.linux用户栈和内核栈的设置

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2562602/how-does-fork-return-for-child-process

http://blog.csdn.net/u011279649/article/details/18795547

copy_thread(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long sp, unsigned long unused, struct task_struct * p, struct pt_regs * regs)

How to set the new process entry

int

copy_thread(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long stack_start,
        unsigned long stk_sz, struct task_struct *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
    struct thread_info *thread = task_thread_info(p);
    struct pt_regs *childregs = task_pt_regs(p);

    *childregs = *regs;
    childregs->ARM_r0 = 0;
    childregs->ARM_sp = stack_start;

    memset(&thread->cpu_context, 0, sizeof(struct cpu_context_save));
    thread->cpu_context.sp = (unsigned long)childregs;
    thread->cpu_context.pc = (unsigned long)ret_from_fork;

 

27.makefile编写注意:

EXTRA_CFLAGS += -DDO_TEST_REPORTING

ifeq ($(CONFIG_ENABLE_PCI),y)

EXTRA_CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_ENABLE_PCI

endif

 

28.好的网址

http://web.mit.edu/gnu/www/index.html -------》麻省理工大学的校网,gnu  , automake , autoconf

www.yoctoproject.org --------》飞思卡尔搞的非常强大的linux开发环境

 

29.文件系统操作,查看内核一些信息

 cat /proc/meminfo 

/data/app # cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 60488 kB
MemFree: 19200 kB
Buffers: 0 kB
Cached: 27028 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 11276 kB
Inactive: 22708 kB
Active(anon): 11256 kB
Inactive(anon): 13432 kB
Active(file): 20 kB
Inactive(file): 9276 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 0 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 6976 kB
Mapped: 2832 kB
Shmem: 17732 kB
Slab: 3448 kB
SReclaimable: 668 kB
SUnreclaim: 2780 kB
KernelStack: 496 kB
PageTables: 312 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 30244 kB
Committed_AS: 46220 kB
VmallocTotal: 319488 kB
VmallocUsed: 21720 kB
VmallocChunk: 294908 kB

/data/app # cat /proc/mtd
dev: size erasesize name
mtd0: 000c0000 00020000 "boot"
mtd1: 00080000 00020000 "nvram_fac"
mtd2: 000c0000 00020000 "boot_res"
mtd3: 00400000 00020000 "kernel"
mtd4: 00600000 00020000 "ramdisk"
mtd5: 00600000 00020000 "base"
mtd6: 06e00000 00020000 "data"

 

30.find 命令和grep命令

 find . "*sdio*" -maxdepth 2

find . README -maxdepth 1 | xargs grep -nri "a"

find target/linux/brcm5830/files/arch/arm/mach-iproc/pm_iproc/ -name "*.c" -print | xargs grep "USB"

find ./package/kmod-prolin/bbl/ -maxdepth 1 -print | xargs grep -rni "PCI" 

find ./ -name "synaptics_dsx_core.h"  | xargs grep -rwi "reset_device"

 find ./package/kmod-brcm5830x/input/keypad_matrix/src/keypad_matrix.c -print0 |xargs grep -run -B8 -A2 "buzzer_level"

 find ./ -name "*.c" |xargs grep --colour -run printf

dev_dbg(rmi4_data->pdev,
"%s: rmi4_data->report_type = %d\n"
"rmi4_data->finger_limit = %d\n"
"fhandler->num_of_data_points = %d\n",
__func__, rmi4_data->report_type,
rmi4_data->finger_limit, fhandler->num_of_data_points);

 

这是个小技巧,grep的A(after,后)选项和B(before,前)选项可以同时输出其匹配行的前后几行。

比如包含有如下文本的message.txt:

Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] Zone PFN ranges: Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] DMA 0 -> 4096 Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] Normal 4096 -> 130730 Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] HighMem 130730 -> 130730 Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] 0: 0 -> 130730 Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] DMI 2.3 present.

用带-B1和-A2选项的grep匹配搜索"DMA"。

grep -B1 -A2 "DMA" message.txt

输出:

Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] Zone PFN ranges: Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] DMA 0 -> 4096 Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] Normal 4096 -> 130730 Aug 5 02:43:12 zion kernel: [ 0.000000] HighMem 130730 -> 130730

grep匹配一个结果,输出多行的功能,在搜索日志文件时很有用。

 

 

Linux下find一次查找多个指定文件或者排除某类文件,在 GREP 中匹配多个关键字的方法
(1)Linux下find一次查找多个指定文件:
查找a.html和b.html
find . -name "a.html"  -name "b.html"  

find . -regex '.*\.txt\|.*\.doc\|.*\.mp3'
find . -regex '.*\.txt\|.*\.doc\|.*\.mp3'  
./a.txt  
./a.doc  
./a.mp3  

(2)排除某些文件类型:
排除目录下所有以html结尾的文件:
find . -type f ! -name "*.html"    

find . -type f ! -name "*.html"       
./ge.bak.02.09  
./ge.html.changed.by.jack  
./a.txt  
./a.doc  
./a.mp3  

(3)排除多种文件类型的示例:
find . -type f ! -name "*.html" -type  f ! -name "*.php" -type  f ! -name "*.svn-base"  -type  f ! -name "*.js"  -type  f ! -name "*.gif"  -type  f ! -name "*.png"  -type  f ! -name "*.cpp"  -type  f ! -name "*.h"  -type  f ! -name "*.o"  -type  f ! -name "*.jpg"  -type  f ! -name "*.so"  -type  f ! -name "*.bak"  -type  f ! -name "*.log"3)在 GREP 中匹配多个关键字的方法:
grep查找多个数字的文件:
-r 递归,-E:正则  -l:只显示文件名
root@116.255.139.240:~/a# grep -r -E '0341028|100081|10086|10001' *  
a.txt:100081  
b.txt:10086  
c/cc.txt:0341028  
c/cc.txt:100081  
c/cc.txt:10086  
c/cc.txt:10001  
c.txt:10001  
d.txt:0341028  

grep -r  -E -l '0341028|100081|10086|10001' *     
a.txt  
b.txt  
c/cc.txt  
c.txt  
d.txt  

多种类型文件示例:
view plainprint?
find . -name "*.html" -o -name "*.js"|xargs grep -r "BusiTree"   

 

 

31.printk 调试方法

内核中打印回调函数的名称

 

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <asm/current.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/thread_notify.h>
#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
#include <asm/mach/time.h>

// add by zbh
int get_func_name(void *ip)
{    

    printk("[<%p>] %pS\n", (void *) ip, (void *) ip);
    
    printk("%sCPU: %d PID: %d Comm: %.20s %s %s %.*s\n",
        KERN_DEFAULT, raw_smp_processor_id(),
        current->pid, current->comm,
        print_tainted(), init_utsname()->release,
        (int)strcspn(init_utsname()->version, " "),
        init_utsname()->version);
    
    return 0;
}

void *ip = NULL;
  ip = keydata->buzzer->enable; printk("[<%p>] %pS\n", (void *) ip, (void *) ip); printk("%sCPU: %d PID: %d Comm: %.20s %s %s %.*s\n", KERN_DEFAULT, raw_smp_processor_id(), current->pid, current->comm, print_tainted(), init_utsname()->release, (int)strcspn(init_utsname()->version, " "), init_utsname()->version); keydata->buzzer->enable(keydata,freq,duty);


再在panic.c中 找到print_tainted
EXPORT_SYMBOL(print_tainted);
这样可以给其他驱动调用此函数

 

 

 

 

print_hex_dump ===>内核一个不错的打印方式

此网址是我记录的一个printk 打印函数地址的方法

 http://www.cnblogs.com/sky-heaven/p/7161373.html

    unsigned char input[0x28];
    unsigned char output[0x28];

        print_hex_dump(KERN_CRIT, "bbl_ram@ ", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET,
                       16, 1, output, sizeof(output), true);
        printk("\n"); 

 

 __builtin_return_address

http://www.cnblogs.com/sky-heaven/p/7161404.html

printk("\033[1;31m %p---%pS \033[0m\r\n", __builtin_return_address(0), __builtin_return_address(0));

 

    printk("\033[1;31m of_reserved_mem.c zbh call from %p---%pS \033[0m\r\n", 
        __builtin_return_address(0), __builtin_return_address(0));

 

sprint_symbol也可以通过函数地址打印函数名字

Linux内核API sprint_symbol【转】

 https://www.cnblogs.com/sky-heaven/p/14977059.html

#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
    

printk("\033[1;33m of_reserved_mem.c zbh %s(%d):\033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__); void *ip = NULL; ip = (unsigned long)rmem->ops->device_init; printk("\033[1;33m of_reserved_mem.c zbh rmem->ops->device_init: [<%p>] %pS \033[0m\r\n", (void *) ip, (void *) ip); printk("\033[1;33m of_reserved_mem.c zbh %s(%d):sprint_symbol start \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__); char my_buf[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN]; unsigned long my_address; my_address = (unsigned long)rmem->ops->device_init; sprint_symbol(my_buf, my_address); printk("\033[1;33m of_reserved_mem.c zbh %s(%d):sprint_symbol my_buf=%s \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, my_buf); printk("\033[1;33m of_reserved_mem.c zbh %s(%d):sprint_symbol my_address=0x%08x \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, my_address); ret = rmem->ops->device_init(rmem, dev);

 


#include <linux/kallsyms.h>

#include <linux/module.h>

CONFIG_KALLSYMS 这个要定义



int
my_get_function_name(unsigned long *addr) { void *ip = NULL; char my_buf[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN]; unsigned long my_address; ip = addr; printk("\033[1;33m zbh %s(%d) [<%p>] %pS \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, (void *) ip, (void *) ip); my_address = addr; sprint_symbol(my_buf, my_address); printk("\033[1;33m zbh %s(%d):sprint_symbol my_buf=%s my_address=0x%08x\033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, my_buf, my_address); return 0; } my_get_function_name((unsigned long)rmem->ops->device_init); ret = rmem->ops->device_init(rmem, dev);

 

 

#define BF3005_PREFIX   "bf3005: "
#define bf3005_trace(flag, format, arg...) \
do { \
    if (bf3005_trace_param & flag) \
        printk(KERN_ERR "[%s%4d@%18s] "format, BF3005_PREFIX, __LINE__, printk_get_basename(__FILE__), ##arg);  \
} while (0)

#define bf3005_printk(format, arg...) \
    printk(KERN_ERR "%s"format, BF3005_PREFIX, ##arg)

bf3005_trace(BF3005_TRACE_DESCR, "enter %s(initialized = %d)\n",
             __func__, bf3005->initialized);

 

 

方法1:

//#define MY_DEBUG
#ifdef MY_DEBUG
#define MY_DBG(x...) do{printk(x);}while(0)
#else
#define MY_DBG(x...)
#endif

 

方法2:

驱动可以如下写:

#define MY_LEVEL1 (1 << 0)
#define MY_LEVEL2 (1 << 1)

unsigned int my_trace_param=0;
module_param_named(trace, my_trace_param, uint, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR);


#define MY_DBG(flag, msg...) \
do { \
if (my_trace_param & flag) \
printk(KERN_ERR "zbh-debug: " msg); \
} while (0)

 

MY_DBG(MY_LEVEL1, "Goodbye module exit1.\r\n");
MY_DBG(MY_LEVEL2, "Goodbye module exit2.\r\n");
MY_DBG(MY_LEVEL2, "Goodbye module exit3.\r\n");

 

测试:

insmod my_printk_driver.ko 

echo 2 > /sys/module/my_printk_driver/parameters/trace 

这样就可以选择到底打印哪一条语句,用来动态调试开关,默认关打印

 

 

 

code:

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include<linux/slab.h>        //kmalloc
#include<asm/io.h>            //ioremap
#include<linux/device.h>    //class_create/device_create
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/pwm.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <pax/gpio_cfg.h>
#include <pax/bcm5830x_gpio_def.h>
#include <mach/iproc_regs.h>
#include <mach/memory.h>
#include <mach/iomux.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
#include <linux/ktime.h>

#define PWM_IOC_MAGIC         'n'
#define PWM_CONFIG            _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 1, int)
#define PWM_DISABLE            _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 2, int)
#define ONE_PWM_CONFIG      _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 3, int)
#define ONE_PWM_DISABLE     _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 4, int)
#define ONE_PWM_WHILE_10000 _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 5, int)
#define SET_PWM_GPIO        _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 6, int)
#define SET_PWM_POLATIRY    _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 7, int)
#define READ_ONEPLUSE_COUNTER  _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 8, int)
#define SET_PWM_FUNC           _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 9, int)
#define SET_PWM_WHILE           _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 10, int)
#define ONE_PWM_DOORBELL           _IOW(PWM_IOC_MAGIC, 11, int)


#define MY_LEVEL1                    (1 << 0)
#define MY_LEVEL2                    (1 << 1)

unsigned int my_trace_param = 0;
module_param_named(trace, my_trace_param, uint, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR);


#define MY_DBG(flag, msg...) \
    do { \
        if (my_trace_param & flag) \
            printk(KERN_ERR "zbh-bbl: " msg); \
    } while (0)


static int ttime = 0;
static int pmode = 0; // pmode=0 ----> asiu_pwmc , pmode=1 ----> onepluse

module_param(ttime, int, 0);
module_param(pmode, int, 0);


//module_param(period, int, 0);

#define HELLO_MAJOR 230
int hello_major = HELLO_MAJOR;

module_param(hello_major, int, 0);

static struct cdev *hello_cdev = NULL;
static struct class *dev_class = NULL;
static struct device *dev_device = NULL;


static int hello_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);
static int hello_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);

static int hello_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    printk("hello_open is OK\r\n");
    return 0;
}

static int hello_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    printk("hello_release is OK\r\n");

    printk("pwm disable and free\r\n");
    return 0;
}

struct file_operations hello_ops = {
    .owner    = THIS_MODULE,
    .open    = hello_open,
    .release     = hello_release,
    //.unlocked_ioctl = hello_ioctl,
};

static int __init hello_init(void)
{
    dev_t devno;
    int ret;

    devno = MKDEV(hello_major, 0);
    ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "zbh_hello");
    if (!ret) {
        printk("register dev OK.\r\n");
    }
    else {
        printk("register dev failed.\r\n");
    }

    hello_cdev = cdev_alloc();
    cdev_init(hello_cdev, &hello_ops);
    cdev_add(hello_cdev, devno, 1);
    hello_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
    hello_cdev->ops = &hello_ops;

    dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "dev_class");
    if (IS_ERR(dev_class)) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "class_create() failed for dev_class\n");
        ret = -EINVAL;
        goto out_err_1;
    }

    dev_device = device_create(dev_class, NULL, devno, NULL, "zbh_hello");
    if (IS_ERR(dev_device)) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "device_create failed.\r\n");
        ret = -ENODEV;
        goto out_err_2;
    }
    
    printk("Hello module init OK.\r\n");

    return 0;

out_err_2:
    class_destroy(dev_class);

out_err_1:
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(hello_major, 0), 1);
    cdev_del(hello_cdev);
    return ret;
}

static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
    cdev_del(hello_cdev);

    device_destroy(dev_class, MKDEV(hello_major, 0));
    class_destroy(dev_class);

    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(hello_major, 0), 1);

    MY_DBG(MY_LEVEL1, "Goodbye module exit1.\r\n");
    MY_DBG(MY_LEVEL2, "Goodbye module exit2.\r\n");
    MY_DBG(MY_LEVEL2, "Goodbye module exit3.\r\n");
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("zhangbinghua");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("zhangbh debug driver");
View Code

 

一、kernel内核一个函数指针变量可能指向N多个函数,在开发调试的时候想获取这个函数指针对应的是哪个函数,可以使用“%pF”。

printk("%s:  %pF\n", __func__, pm_power_off);

 32.container_of的用法

typedef struct
{
u32* row_gpios;
u8 row_size;
u32* col_gpios;
u8 col_size;
tKEYCODE* keytable;
u16 keytable_size;
u8 debounce_ms;
int bl_gpio;
int buzzer_gpio; /* if gpio dimming */
int buzzer_pwm_id; /* if pwm controllor */
int ped_enable;
struct delayed_work work;
char * amp_pwr;
HOT_KEY_TAB *hot_key_table;
int hot_key_table_size;
struct delayed_work hot_key_work;
}tKEYPAD_MATRIX_DATA;
#endif

INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&matrix_global_dat.key_data->hot_key_work, hot_key_scan);

static void hot_key_scan(struct work_struct *work)
{
int index;
int has_evnet=0;
tKEYPAD_REPORT_DATA report_key;

tKEYPAD_MATRIX_DATA *keypad = container_of(work,tKEYPAD_MATRIX_DATA, hot_key_work.work);

if(get_hot_key_scan_code(keypad))

}

 

INIT_WORK(&wnet_power_on_wq, gprs_mu709_power_on);

schedule_work(&wnet_power_on_wq);
flush_work(&wnet_power_on_wq); //  flush_work可以阻塞,是同步机制,如果去掉此函数就是异步机制

static void gprs_mu709_power_on(struct work_struct *work __attribute__((unused)))
{
gprs_mu709_opt(WNET_POWER_ON_WQ);
}

 

vim使用

Vim

zR  全部展开

zM全部合并

 

 

vim  快捷键

shift   +  i      (‘I’)    进行编辑

shift   +  4     (‘$’)    跳到行尾

shift   +  v      (‘V’)   选中行 

shift   +  0      (‘)’)    跳到行首

 

先ctrl  +  v  模块编辑

再s,或者shift + $, shift + i进行编辑即可,编辑完后就esc就可以更改局部内容

s    删除

 

 

Ctrl+wl或wh是切换窗口来编辑

 

 

vs a.c 打开一个文件

 

BundleSearch 查找所有插件,找到后,yy复制想要的那一行插件到vimrc中即可vi ~/.vimrc

然后再执行BundleInstall

BundleList 当前插件

 

vim安装后,要把.vimrc放在里面保存即可,然后还有几个隐藏的文件夹也要放在里面

 

查看函数被哪些调用的话,快捷键:ctrl+\ ,然后再按s即可

或者cs find main也可以

 

先要安装了ctags,在程序的根目录下运行ctags -R,生成tags文件,然后在编辑程序时按Ctrl+]就会跳转到当前光标所在东西的定义处。若有多个tag,执行:ts,进行选择。按Ctrl+o即可跳回。不过,当修改过代码后,需要重新生成tags。

 

33.git操作,检查代码log技巧

Linux kernel  的官方 GIT地址是:

http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git

可以从这个地址拿到 kernel 的 代码仓库。

git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git 

 

在家目录下(也就是自己的目录下)

将git执行文件放在家目录的bin下面,没有就自己创一个bin目录

将文件git-completion.bash修改文件名为 .git-completion.bash

在家目录下的.bashrc 的最后一行增加source  ~/.git-completion.bash

 

source .bashrc

source .profile

这样git就有了补全功能

git-completion.bash文件里面有说明。

 

git remote -v

如果是跟踪着某个开发者的git代码库,

 

git blame <文件名>

然后, 找出感兴趣行上的commit ID  ,用

git show  <commit ID>

 git log --pretty=oneline  b.c 

查看这次改动是由哪次提交引入的.一般可能会附加提交说明,

解释这次提交的初衷,作用等.

 

还可以记下作者的名字 

 

然后放狗(google)搜: lkml +作者名字+关于这个修改或主题的一两个重要关键词,

这样可能可以直接搜到当时提交时作者发在内核列表的邮件,可能有更详细的讨论.

 

这么做去找找引入这些重要变化的源由.

 

34.内核关抢占

 Symbol: PREEMPT_NONE [=y]                                                                                                                            |  
  | Type  : boolean                                                                                                                                      |  
  | Prompt: No Forced Preemption (Server)                                                                                                                |  
  |   Defined at kernel/Kconfig.preempt:6                                                                                                                |  
  |   Depends on: <choice>                                                                                                                               |  
  |   Location:                                                                                                                                          |  
  |     -> Kernel Features                                                                                                                               |  
  |       -> Preemption Model (<choice> [=y])   

 

35. 处理DDR跑飞问题:

某些处理器可以处理,如果是系统休眠唤醒后出现系统乱飞的情况,可以在休眠前对DDR进行CRC校验,唤醒后再进行一次校验,两次一样即可,但是必须保证DDR无任何操作。

 

36.开机自启动,需要用脚本启动脚本,rc文件中

 #camera drivers
   if property:ro.fac.camera_number!= chmod 755 /startup/camera_drv_load.sh
   if property:ro.fac.camera_number!= exec /startup/bin/sh /startup/camera_drv_load.sh

 

37.一个拆包的方法,i2c

/* define in iproc_smbus.c */
#define I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT 62

static int __synaptics_rmi4_i2c_write(struct synaptics_rmi4_data *rmi4_data,
                    unsigned short addr, unsigned char *data,
                    unsigned short length)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int count = 0;

    for (count = 0; count < length / I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT; count++) {
        ret = synaptics_rmi4_i2c_write(rmi4_data, addr, 
                                       data + count * I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT, 
                                       I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT);
        if (ret < 0) {
             dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
                "%s: I2C write over retry limit\n", __func__);               
            return ret;
        }
    }
    
    ret = synaptics_rmi4_i2c_write(rmi4_data, addr, 
                                   data + count * I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT, 
                                   length % I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT);
    if (ret < 0) {
         dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
            "%s: I2C write over retry limit\n", __func__);      
        return ret;
    }
    
    return ret;
}
View Code

 

38.网络配置相关命令

udhcpc -i usb0

route

ping www.baidu.com -I usb0

有时ping不通,可以试下只保留lo和usb0,其余的全down掉

 

一种拆包算法

#define I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT 62

static int __synaptics_rmi4_i2c_write(struct synaptics_rmi4_data *rmi4_data,
                    unsigned short addr, unsigned char *data,
                    unsigned short length)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int count = 0;

    for (count = 0; count < length / I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT; count++) {
        ret = synaptics_rmi4_i2c_write(rmi4_data, addr,
                                       data + count * I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT,
                                       I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT);
        if (ret < 0) {
             dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
                "%s: I2C write over retry limit\n", __func__);               
            return ret;
        }
    }
    
    ret = synaptics_rmi4_i2c_write(rmi4_data, addr,
                                   data + count * I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT,
                                   length % I2C_RX_LENGTH_MAX_SUPPORT);
    if (ret < 0) {
         dev_err(rmi4_data->pdev,
            "%s: I2C write over retry limit\n", __func__);      
        return ret;
    }
    
    return ret;
}
View Code

 

 

39.windows下保存网页的方法:

ctrl + p  就是打印,然后选择adobe PDF,确定 即可

 

40.gcc编译器内置选项

 arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -E -dM -< /dev/null

 

#define __DBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)
#define __HQ_FBIT__ 15
#define __UINT_LEAST16_MAX__ 65535
#define __SFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __FLT_MIN__ 1.1754943508222875e-38F
#define __UFRACT_MAX__ 0XFFFFP-16UR
#define __UINT_LEAST8_TYPE__ unsigned char
#define __DQ_FBIT__ 63
#define __INTMAX_C(c) c ## LL
#define __CS_SOURCERYGXX_REV__ 57
#define __ULFRACT_FBIT__ 32
#define __SACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-7HK
#define __CHAR_BIT__ 8
#define __USQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __UINT8_MAX__ 255
#define __ACCUM_FBIT__ 15
#define __WINT_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __USFRACT_FBIT__ 8
#define __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ 1234
#define __SIZE_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __WCHAR_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __LACCUM_IBIT__ 32
#define __DBL_DENORM_MIN__ ((double)4.9406564584124654e-324L)
#define __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__ 0
#define __unix__ 1
#define __LLACCUM_MAX__ 0X7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFP-31LLK
#define __FRACT_FBIT__ 15
#define __UINT_FAST64_MAX__ 18446744073709551615ULL
#define __SIG_ATOMIC_TYPE__ int
#define __UACCUM_FBIT__ 16
#define __DBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)
#define __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__ 0
#define __ARMEL__ 1
#define __LFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ 3
#define __LFRACT_MAX__ 0X7FFFFFFFP-31LR
#define __UINT_FAST8_MAX__ 255
#define __DEC64_MAX_EXP__ 385
#define __INT8_C(c) c
#define __UINT_LEAST64_MAX__ 18446744073709551615ULL
#define __SA_FBIT__ 15
#define __SHRT_MAX__ 32767
#define __LDBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308L
#define __FRACT_MAX__ 0X7FFFP-15R
#define __ARM_ARCH_5TE__ 1
#define __UFRACT_FBIT__ 16
#define __UFRACT_MIN__ 0.0UR
#define __UINT_LEAST8_MAX__ 255
#define __GXX_TYPEINFO_EQUALITY_INLINE 0
#define __UINTMAX_TYPE__ long long unsigned int
#define __LLFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-63LLR
#define __linux 1
#define __DEC32_EPSILON__ 1E-6DF
#define __CHAR_UNSIGNED__ 1
#define __UINT32_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __ULFRACT_MAX__ 0XFFFFFFFFP-32ULR
#define __TA_IBIT__ 64
#define __LDBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024
#define __WINT_MIN__ 0U
#define __linux__ 1
#define __ULLFRACT_MIN__ 0.0ULLR
#define __SCHAR_MAX__ 127
#define __WCHAR_MIN__ 0U
#define __INT64_C(c) c ## LL
#define __DBL_DIG__ 15
#define __LLACCUM_MIN__ (-0X1P31LLK-0X1P31LLK)
#define __SIZEOF_INT__ 4
#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__ 4
#define __USACCUM_IBIT__ 8
#define __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ 
#define __STDC_HOSTED__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __LFRACT_MIN__ (-0.5LR-0.5LR)
#define __HA_IBIT__ 8
#define __TQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __FLT_EPSILON__ 1.1920928955078125e-7F
#define __APCS_32__ 1
#define __USFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __LDBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308L
#define __FRACT_MIN__ (-0.5R-0.5R)
#define __DEC32_MAX__ 9.999999E96DF
#define __DA_IBIT__ 32
#define __INT32_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __UQQ_FBIT__ 8
#define __SIZEOF_LONG__ 4
#define __UACCUM_MAX__ 0XFFFFFFFFP-16UK
#define __UINT16_C(c) c
#define __DECIMAL_DIG__ 17
#define __LFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-31LR
#define __ULFRACT_MIN__ 0.0ULR
#define __gnu_linux__ 1
#define __LDBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __ULACCUM_IBIT__ 32
#define __UACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-16UK
#define __GNUC__ 4
#define __ULLACCUM_MAX__ 0XFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFP-32ULLK
#define __HQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __FLT_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__ 8
#define __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__ 8
#define __DQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __DBL_MAX__ ((double)1.7976931348623157e+308L)
#define __ULFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __INT_FAST32_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __DBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __ACCUM_IBIT__ 16
#define __DEC32_MIN_EXP__ (-94)
#define __THUMB_INTERWORK__ 1
#define __LACCUM_MAX__ 0X7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFP-31LK
#define __INT_FAST16_TYPE__ int
#define __LDBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __DEC128_MAX__ 9.999999999999999999999999999999999E6144DL
#define __INT_LEAST32_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __ARM_PCS 1
#define __DEC32_MIN__ 1E-95DF
#define __ACCUM_MAX__ 0X7FFFFFFFP-15K
#define __DBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024
#define __USACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-8UHK
#define __DEC128_EPSILON__ 1E-33DL
#define __SFRACT_MAX__ 0X7FP-7HR
#define __FRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __PTRDIFF_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __UACCUM_MIN__ 0.0UK
#define __UACCUM_IBIT__ 16
#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ 4
#define __ULACCUM_MAX__ 0XFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFP-32ULK
#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__ 4
#define __SA_IBIT__ 16
#define __ULLACCUM_MIN__ 0.0ULLK
#define __GXX_ABI_VERSION 1002
#define __UTA_FBIT__ 64
#define __SOFTFP__ 1
#define __FLT_MIN_EXP__ (-125)
#define __USFRACT_MAX__ 0XFFP-8UHR
#define __UFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __INT_FAST64_TYPE__ long long int
#define __DBL_MIN__ ((double)2.2250738585072014e-308L)
#define __LACCUM_MIN__ (-0X1P31LK-0X1P31LK)
#define __ULLACCUM_FBIT__ 32
#define __ULLFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-64ULLR
#define __DEC128_MIN__ 1E-6143DL
#define __REGISTER_PREFIX__ 
#define __UINT16_MAX__ 65535
#define __DBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1
#define __ACCUM_MIN__ (-0X1P15K-0X1P15K)
#define __SQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __UINT8_TYPE__ unsigned char
#define __UHA_FBIT__ 8
#define __NO_INLINE__ 1
#define __SFRACT_MIN__ (-0.5HR-0.5HR)
#define __UTQ_FBIT__ 128
#define __FLT_MANT_DIG__ 24
#define __VERSION__ "4.6.3"
#define __UINT64_C(c) c ## ULL
#define __ULLFRACT_FBIT__ 64
#define __FRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-15R
#define __ULACCUM_MIN__ 0.0ULK
#define __UDA_FBIT__ 32
#define __LLACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-31LLK
#define __FLOAT_WORD_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#define __USFRACT_MIN__ 0.0UHR
#define __UQQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __INT32_C(c) c
#define __DEC64_EPSILON__ 1E-15DD
#define __ORDER_PDP_ENDIAN__ 3412
#define __DEC128_MIN_EXP__ (-6142)
#define __UHQ_FBIT__ 16
#define __LLACCUM_FBIT__ 31
#define __INT_FAST32_TYPE__ int
#define __UINT_LEAST16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define unix 1
#define __INT16_MAX__ 32767
#define __SIZE_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __UINT64_MAX__ 18446744073709551615ULL
#define __UDQ_FBIT__ 64
#define __INT8_TYPE__ signed char
#define __ELF__ 1
#define __ULFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-32ULR
#define __LLFRACT_FBIT__ 63
#define __FLT_RADIX__ 2
#define __INT_LEAST16_TYPE__ short int
#define __LDBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16L
#define __UINTMAX_C(c) c ## ULL
#define __SACCUM_MAX__ 0X7FFFP-7HK
#define __SIG_ATOMIC_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __VFP_FP__ 1
#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__ 4
#define __CS_SOURCERYGXX_MIN__ 3
#define __LACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-31LK
#define __DEC32_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000001E-95DF
#define __INT_FAST16_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __UINT_FAST32_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __UINT_LEAST64_TYPE__ long long unsigned int
#define __USACCUM_MAX__ 0XFFFFP-8UHK
#define __SFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-7HR
#define __FLT_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38
#define __LONG_MAX__ 2147483647L
#define __DEC128_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000000000000000000000001E-6143DL
#define __FLT_HAS_INFINITY__ 1
#define __unix 1
#define __USA_FBIT__ 16
#define __UINT_FAST16_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __DEC64_MAX__ 9.999999999999999E384DD
#define __CHAR16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define __PRAGMA_REDEFINE_EXTNAME 1
#define __CS_SOURCERYGXX_MAJ__ 2012
#define __INT_LEAST16_MAX__ 32767
#define __DEC64_MANT_DIG__ 16
#define __INT64_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __UINT_LEAST32_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __SACCUM_FBIT__ 7
#define __INT_LEAST64_TYPE__ long long int
#define __INT16_TYPE__ short int
#define __INT_LEAST8_TYPE__ signed char
#define __SQ_FBIT__ 31
#define __DEC32_MAX_EXP__ 97
#define __INT_FAST8_MAX__ 127
#define __INTPTR_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __QQ_FBIT__ 7
#define linux 1
#define __UTA_IBIT__ 64
#define __LDBL_MANT_DIG__ 53
#define __SFRACT_FBIT__ 7
#define __SACCUM_MIN__ (-0X1P7HK-0X1P7HK)
#define __DBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1
#define __SIG_ATOMIC_MIN__ (-__SIG_ATOMIC_MAX__ - 1)
#define __INTPTR_TYPE__ int
#define __UINT16_TYPE__ short unsigned int
#define __WCHAR_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__ 4
#define __USQ_FBIT__ 32
#define __UINTPTR_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __DEC64_MIN_EXP__ (-382)
#define __ULLACCUM_IBIT__ 32
#define __INT_FAST64_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __FLT_DIG__ 6
#define __UINT_FAST64_TYPE__ long long unsigned int
#define __INT_MAX__ 2147483647
#define __LACCUM_FBIT__ 31
#define __USACCUM_MIN__ 0.0UHK
#define __UHA_IBIT__ 8
#define __INT64_TYPE__ long long int
#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128
#define __UTQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __DBL_MANT_DIG__ 53
#define __INT_LEAST64_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __DEC64_MIN__ 1E-383DD
#define __WINT_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __UINT_LEAST32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__ 2
#define __ULLFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __LDBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)
#define __arm__ 1
#define __UDA_IBIT__ 32
#define __INT_LEAST8_MAX__ 127
#define __LFRACT_FBIT__ 31
#define __LDBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308
#define __DBL_EPSILON__ ((double)2.2204460492503131e-16L)
#define __UINT8_C(c) c
#define __INT_LEAST32_TYPE__ int
#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ 4
#define __UINT64_TYPE__ long long unsigned int
#define __LLFRACT_MAX__ 0X7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFP-63LLR
#define __TQ_FBIT__ 127
#define __INT_FAST8_TYPE__ signed char
#define __ULLACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-32ULLK
#define __UHQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __LLACCUM_IBIT__ 32
#define __DBL_DECIMAL_DIG__ 17
#define __DEC_EVAL_METHOD__ 2
#define __TA_FBIT__ 63
#define __UDQ_IBIT__ 0
#define __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ 4321
#define __ACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-15K
#define __UINT32_C(c) c ## U
#define __INTMAX_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL
#define __BYTE_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#define __FLT_DENORM_MIN__ 1.4012984643248171e-45F
#define __LLFRACT_IBIT__ 0
#define __INT8_MAX__ 127
#define __UINT_FAST32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __CHAR32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.4028234663852886e+38F
#define __USACCUM_FBIT__ 8
#define __INT32_TYPE__ int
#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__ 8
#define __FLT_MIN_10_EXP__ (-37)
#define __UFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-16UR
#define __INTMAX_TYPE__ long long int
#define __DEC128_MAX_EXP__ 6145
#define __GNUC_MINOR__ 6
#define __UINTMAX_MAX__ 18446744073709551615ULL
#define __DEC32_MANT_DIG__ 7
#define __HA_FBIT__ 7
#define __DBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308
#define __LDBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324L
#define __INT16_C(c) c
#define __STDC__ 1
#define __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ int
#define __LLFRACT_MIN__ (-0.5LLR-0.5LLR)
#define __DA_FBIT__ 31
#define __UINT32_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __UINTPTR_TYPE__ unsigned int
#define __USA_IBIT__ 16
#define __DEC64_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000001E-383DD
#define __ARM_EABI__ 1
#define __DEC128_MANT_DIG__ 34
#define __LDBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)
#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ 8
#define __ULACCUM_EPSILON__ 0x1P-32ULK
#define __SACCUM_IBIT__ 8
#define __LDBL_DIG__ 15
#define __FLT_DECIMAL_DIG__ 9
#define __UINT_FAST16_MAX__ 4294967295U
#define __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ 1
#define __ULLFRACT_MAX__ 0XFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFP-64ULLR
#define __UINT_FAST8_TYPE__ unsigned char
#define __USFRACT_EPSILON__ 0x1P-8UHR
#define __ULACCUM_FBIT__ 32
#define __ARM_FEATURE_DSP 1
#define __QQ_IBIT__ 0
View Code

 

 

 

linux-3.6.5/scripts

vi gcc-x86_32-has-stack-protector.sh

#!/bin/sh

echo "int foo(void) { char X[200]; return 3; }" | $* -S -x c -c -O0 -fstack-protector - -o - 2> /dev/null | grep -q "%gs"
if [ "$?" -eq "0" ] ; then
        echo y
else
        echo n
fi

%gs为栈保护

41.如果反汇编后有%gs,就说明内核有栈保护

arm_build.sh

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -S -fstack-protector -o stack test_stack_protector.c

test_stack_protector.c

int foo(void) { char X[200]; return 3; }

./arm_build.sh

vi stack

        .arch armv5te
        .fpu softvfp
        .eabi_attribute 20, 1
        .eabi_attribute 21, 1
        .eabi_attribute 23, 3
        .eabi_attribute 24, 1
        .eabi_attribute 25, 1
        .eabi_attribute 26, 2
        .eabi_attribute 30, 6
        .eabi_attribute 34, 0
        .eabi_attribute 18, 4
        .file   "test_stack_protector.c"
        .text
        .align  2
        .global foo
        .type   foo, %function
foo:
        .fnstart
        @ args = 0, pretend = 0, frame = 208
        @ frame_needed = 1, uses_anonymous_args = 0
        stmfd   sp!, {fp, lr}
        .save {fp, lr}
        .setfp fp, sp, #4
        add     fp, sp, #4
        .pad #208
        sub     sp, sp, #208
        ldr     r3, .L3
        ldr     r3, [r3, #0]
        str     r3, [fp, #-8]
        mov     r3, #3
        mov     r0, r3
        ldr     r3, .L3
        ldr     r2, [fp, #-8]
        ldr     r3, [r3, #0]
        cmp     r2, r3
        beq     .L2
        bl      __stack_chk_fail
.L2:
        sub     sp, fp, #4
        ldmfd   sp!, {fp, pc}
.L4:
        .align  2
.L3:
        .word   __stack_chk_guard
        .fnend
        .size   foo, .-foo
        .ident  "GCC: (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2012.03-57) 4.6.3"
        .section        .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
View Code

 

42.为了保证代码不乱序,内存屏障的建立

 #define readb(c)        ({ u8  __v = readb_relaxed(c); __iormb(); __v; })
#define readw(c)        ({ u16 __v = readw_relaxed(c); __iormb(); __v; })
#define readl(c)        ({ u32 __v = readl_relaxed(c); __iormb(); __v; })

eg:

aaa();

wmb();

bbb();

 no_console_suspend

initcall_debug 

说明initcall_debug是一个内核参数,可以跟踪initcall,用来定位内核初始化的问题。在cmdline中增加initcall_debug后,内核启动过程中会增加如下形式的日志,在调用每一个init函数前有一句打印,结束后再有一句打印并且输出了该Init函数运行的时间,通过这个信息可以用来定位启动过程中哪个init函数运行失败以及哪些init函数运行时间较长

 休眠唤醒调试还可以打开【Power management options】===》

[*] Power Management Debug Support | |
| | [*] Extra PM attributes in sysfs for low-level debugging/testing | |
| | [*] Test suspend/resume and wakealarm during bootup

 

43.网络 netstate

netstate –nao

 

svn co svn:xxx --depth=empty

 ls

 svn ls

 cd aa/

 ls

 svn ls

 svn up release_branches --depth=empty

 cd release_branches/

 ls

 svn ls

 svn up xxx

 

44.内核异步通知


retval = request_irq(pdev->irq, MioSoC_isr, IRQF_SHARED  , "MioSoC", pmio);

中断处理程序:
static irqreturn_t MioSoC_isr(int irq, void *data)
{
   
    struct MioSoC_device *dev = data;
    spin_lock(&dev->regs_lock);
        dwIntStatus = inw(pmio->caddr +0x4c); // 读取卡上的控制缓存器中断状态
            if (dwIntStatus & 0x4)              // 检查是否为本卡的中断
            {
                outw((dwIntStatus & (~0x43)),pmio->caddr+0x4c);
                if (pmio->async_queue )
                        kill_fasync(&dev->async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN); //发出异步通知信号
                outw(dwIntStatus,pmio->caddr + 0x4c);
            }
    spin_unlock(&dev->regs_lock);
     wake_up_interruptible(&dev->wait);
    return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

 

45.线程处理,线程安全

futex

 

46.unicore32

unicore32的代码写的很好,可以参考

47.defio 双缓冲机制

48.strace命令

strace -o t.log ./a.out

49.Linux上搭建web服务器,实现web控制嵌入式设备

随着Internet技术的兴起,在嵌入式设备的管理与交互中,基于Web方式的应用成为目 前的主流,这种程序结构也就是大家非常熟悉的B/S结构,即在嵌入式设备上运行一个支持脚本或CGI功能的Web服务器,能够生成动态页面,在用户端只需 要通过Web浏览器就可以对嵌入式设备进行管理和监控,非常方便实用。

路由器上现在不用boa服务器了,一般用uhttpd和goahead,这样可以对CGI进行控制

 

50. 内核中的set_freezable与wait_event_freezable_timeout,进程等待

到目前为止,我们的控制线程就已经分析完了,不过我们发现,这个控制线程是在usb_stor_acquire_resources中定义的,在usb_stor_acquire_resources之后,我们还创建了usb_stor_scan_thread线程,这是一个扫描线程。

static int usb_stor_scan_thread(void * __us)

{

    struct us_data *us = (struct us_data *)__us;

    printk(KERN_DEBUG

            "usb-storage: device found at %d\n", us->pusb_dev->devnum);

    set_freezable();  //设备在一定时间内没有响应,会挂起

    if (delay_use > 0) {  // delay_use秒后如果U盘没拔出则继续执行,否则执行disconnect

            printk(KERN_DEBUG "usb-storage: waiting for device "

                          "to settle before scanning\n");

                  wait_event_freezable_timeout(us->delay_wait,test_bit(US_FLIDX_DONT_SCAN, &us->dflags), delay_use * HZ);

    }

    if (!test_bit(US_FLIDX_DONT_SCAN, &us->dflags)) {

            if (us->protocol == US_PR_BULK &&

                          !(us->fflags & US_FL_SINGLE_LUN)) {

                  mutex_lock(&us->dev_mutex);

                  us->max_lun = usb_stor_Bulk_max_lun(us);  //询问设备支持多少个LUN

                  mutex_unlock(&us->dev_mutex);

            }

            scsi_scan_host(us_to_host(us));

            printk(KERN_DEBUG "usb-storage: device scan complete\n");

    }

    complete_and_exit(&us->scanning_done, 0);  //本进程结束,唤醒disconnect中的进程

}

对于上面这个扫描线程,里面的usb_stor_Bulk_max_lun函数完成了主机控制器与设备之间的第一次通信。USB驱动程序首先发送一个命令,然后设备根据命令返回一些信息,这里显示的是一个表示LUN个数的数字,usb_stor_Bulk_max_lun完成的是一次控制传输。

 

51.Linux resume

linux的resume是根据device的加载顺序来执行的

52.setup_time中断

这种虽然是软中断处理,但一样是中断上下文,不可以在处理函数中休眠,或者发生进程调度的事情,这样会死机,workqueue.c中只有一种机制才可以这样做,tasklet

53.休眠唤醒

休眠唤醒除了在配置文件中cmdline增加no_console_suspend,还可以开机如下操作,即可打印出休眠唤醒的全部log

echo N > /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend

54.pwm使用

// disable pwm 的正确流程是:

pwm_config(prn_stb_pwm, 0, period_ns); ===》这样才是安全的

pwm_disable(prn_stb_pwm);

而不是:

pwm_disable(prn_stb_pwm);

 

55. 算一张表里有多少个1

hweight8

 

56.通过Sys节点名字反查pid

fs/sysfs/file.c

sysfs_open_file() ======>

    char *name1, *name2;

    name1 = "buzzer_user_trigger";
    name2 = "buzzer_keypad_enable";
    if ((0 == strncmp(attr_sd->s_name, name1, strlen(name1))) ||
        (0 == strncmp(attr_sd->s_name, name2, strlen(name2))) ) {
        printk("zbh %s():--->%s (%d) \r\n", 
            __func__, attr_sd->s_name, __LINE__);
        printk("zbh %s():--->pid=%d (%d) \r\n", 
            __func__, current->pid, __LINE__);
    }

 

57.文件系统知识点

cat /proc/filesystems

 

58.spi透传?

spi能否透传?如果master与slave不对称,一边带宽高,一边带宽少,从机接收的时候接收不过来,如果要用dma方式,并且协定好底层数据传输大小,每次发送时候要发送数据长度

 可以参考stm32官网的 spi IAP固件升级的例程代码

59.实现自己的系统调用

http://www.cnblogs.com/sky-heaven/p/8080885.html

 

60.唤醒后通知方法

#define wait_event_interruptible_locked(wq, condition)            \
    ((condition)                            \
     ? 0 : __wait_event_interruptible_locked(wq, condition, 0, 0))

 

61.1G, 1M, 1K的10进制与16进制转换

1G ---> 0x40 000 000

1M ---> 0x100 000

1KB ---> 0x400

 

62.帧率,时钟,数据量计算

对于camera

每个像素需占用 32 bit 容量(三原色各8 bit,亮度8 bit),即 4 字节(Byte)。每帧图像容量为 4*640*480 = 1228800 字节,

每秒25帧,则每秒容量为 1228800*25 = 30720000 字节。即每秒数据容量为 约 29.30兆(1024进位),带宽是以 bit 为单位,因此占用带宽约234.38兆/秒

30720000 / 1024 / 1024 = 29.30Mb

29.30Mb * 8 = 234.38M/s

 

对于lcd

94*845 分辨率

30 fps

494*845*30 = 12522900Hz = 12.5229Mhz

转自:http://blog.csdn.net/bmw7bmw7/article/details/45876487
我们先来看一个公式:Mipiclock = [ (width+hsync+hfp+hbp) x (height+vsync+vfp+vbp) ] x(bus_width) x fps/ (lane_num)/2
即mipi 屏的传输时钟频率(CLKN,CLKP)等于(屏幕分辨率宽width+hsync+hfp+hbp)x ( 屏幕分辨率高height+vsync+vfp+vbp) x(RGB显示数据宽度) x 帧率/ (lane_num)/2
 
简单解释下:
      一帧画面需要的数据量为(单位bit):FRAME_BIT = (屏幕有效显示宽度+hsync+hfp+hbp) x ( 屏幕有效显示高度+vsync+vfp+vbp) x(RGB显示数据宽度24)
     一秒钟内需要传输的数据量为(单位bps):FRAME_BIT  x  fps(帧率)。
     那为何要除以lane_num----因为mipi通讯协议中,一个CLOCK几个lane是可以同时传输数据的。
     为何又要除以2----因为根据mipi通讯协议,CLK_N、CLK_P这两根时钟线的上升沿/下降沿可以获取到数据。
因此我们可以得出如下结论:
1.在相同的时钟频率下,lane数越多,则单位时间内可以传输的数据越多。若显示帧率固定不变,则可以支持的更大的分辨率;而分辨率固定不变的情况下,则我们可以考虑支持更高的帧率显示。
2.在lane数固定的情况下,提高传输的时钟频率,则单位时间内也可以传输更多的显示数据。进而我们可以考虑是提高帧率还是提高分辨率,或两者做出平衡。
 
那么我们是否可以任意无限制的提高mipi的传输时钟频率及lane数目呢?mipi通讯协议对此进行了限制,一组CLOCK最高只能支持4组lane,一组lane的传输速度最高只能支持到1 Gbps。也就是说一组CLOCK最高只能支持到4 Gbps速度传输。
此时就引出了一个新问题:4Gbps速度传输,是满足不了现在市场上推出的4K电视的带宽要求的,怎么办?答案是使用8组lane,使用两组clock来传输。
下面我们以展讯7731平台下EK79023这款LCD 驱动IC的配置参数进行实例说明:
static struct timing_rgb lcd_ek79023_mipi_timing = {
         .hfp = 100,  /* unit: pixel */
         .hbp = 60,
         .hsync = 24,
         .vfp = 22, /*unit:line*/
         .vbp = 10,
         .vsync = 2,
};
 
 
static struct info_mipi lcd_ek79023_mipi_info = {
         .work_mode  = SPRDFB_MIPI_MODE_VIDEO,
         .video_bus_width =24, /*18,16*/
         .lan_number =         2,
         .phy_feq=660*1000,
         .h_sync_pol =SPRDFB_POLARITY_POS,
         .v_sync_pol = SPRDFB_POLARITY_POS,
         .de_pol =SPRDFB_POLARITY_POS,
         .te_pol =SPRDFB_POLARITY_POS,
         .color_mode_pol =SPRDFB_POLARITY_NEG,
         .shut_down_pol =SPRDFB_POLARITY_NEG,
         .timing =&lcd_ek79023_mipi_timing,
         .ops = NULL,
};
 
struct panel_spec lcd_ek79023_mipi_spec = {
         .width = 600,
         .height = 1024,
         .fps =57,//62,//67,//52,//57,//60,
         .type =LCD_MODE_DSI,
         .direction =LCD_DIRECT_NORMAL,
         .info = {
                   .mipi =&lcd_ek79023_mipi_info
         },
         .ops =&lcd_ek79023_mipi_operations,
};
从中可知,该LCD的分辨率为600 x 1024,帧率为57 HZ。
一帧图像的数据量为:FRAME_BIT=(600+24+100+60) x (1024+2+22+10) x(24)=19907328 bit
一秒钟的数据量为:19907328  x 57 = 1134.717696  Mbps
所需的mipi时钟频率为:1134717696/2(lane)/2= 283.679424 Mhz
一组lane的传输速度是:283.679424  x  2= 576.358848 Mbps

63.kernel开启debug

Init/main.c

early_param("debug", debug_kernel);

early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);

early_param("loglevel", loglevel);

配置文件加入debug,或者loglevel=8

想开启全部的debug,在kernel顶层的makefile中加入:

KCFLAGS += -DDEBUG

 

 

打印module_init(函数)这个的调用顺序

int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)

{

         int count = preempt_count();

         int ret;

 

         if (initcall_debug)

                   ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);

         else

                   ret = fn();

 

 

在配置文件中加入红色字体即可

bootargs=console=ttyAMA3,115200 CONSOLE=ttyAMA3,115200 initcall_debug mem=512M mtdparts=nand_iproc.0:768k(boot),512k(nvram_fac),768k(boot_res),4m(boot_logo),12m(kernel),24m(ramdisk),24m(base),-(data)

 

运行后dmesg

 

Linux内核解析配置文件

__setup(“console”)

parse_args

vmlinux.lds.S

 

查看这些宏是否有定义

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP

要去linux3.6.5目录下.config文件

 

系统下载后出现各种init服务都起不来,机器直接重启的话,也有可能是配置文件的data分区缺少,或者缺少其他分区空间导致

 

no_console_suspend节点调试

echo no_console_suspend > /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend

 

64. 结构体定义方法

struct VideoDevice;
struct VideoOpr;
typedef struct VideoDevice T_VideoDevice, *PT_VideoDevice;
typedef struct VideoOpr T_VideoOpr, *PT_VideoOpr;

struct VideoDevice {
    int iFd;
    int iPixelFormat;
    int iWidth;
    int iHeight;

    int iVideoBufCnt;
    int iVideoBufMaxLen;
    int iVideoBufCurIndex;
    unsigned char *pucVideBuf[NB_BUFFER];

    /* 函数 */
    PT_VideoOpr ptOPr;
};

typedef struct VideoBuf {
    T_PixelDatas tPixelDatas;
    int iPixelFormat;
}T_VideoBuf, *PT_VideoBuf;

struct VideoOpr {
    char *name;
    int (*InitDevice)(char *strDevName, PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice);
    int (*ExitDevice)(PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice);
    int (*GetFrame)(PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice, PT_VideoBuf ptVideoBuf);
    int (*GetFormat)(PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice);
    int (*PutFrame)(PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice, PT_VideoBuf ptVideoBuf);
    int (*StartDevice)(PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice);
    int (*StopDevice)(PT_VideoDevice ptVideoDevice);
    struct VideoOpr *ptNext;
};

 65.Ubuntu下的终端多标签操作和多标签切换

ctrl+alt+t       打开一个terminal

打开terminal后,ctrl+shift+t ===》在terminal中打开多个标签

在多个标签中切换的方法:

【方法一】

alt+1 alt+2 alt+3.......

【方法二】

ctrl + pageUp
ctrl + pageDown.

ctrl+ d   关闭一个terminal快捷键   

66. 求余与与运算

#include <stdio.h>

/*
 * 0x3FF = 0x400 - 1;
 * 1024 = 0x400
 * */

#define CALC_A(x) (x % 1024)
#define CALC_B(x) (x & 0x3FF)
#define INPUT_DATA  123

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int res;

    res = CALC_A(INPUT_DATA);
    printf("CALC_A return : %d \r\n", res);

    res = CALC_B(INPUT_DATA);
    printf("CALC_B return : %d \r\n", res);

    return 0;
}

67. makrdown博客编辑

https://www.mdeditor.com/ 

 

68.find查找文件并打印大小

find ./ -name "*.o" | xargs du -sh -c | tail -1

find ./ -name "*.o" | xargs du -sh -c

69.查找gcc编译器 工具链的版本

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-readelf vmlinux -p .comment

objdump -s --section=.comment vmlinux

70.打印ramdisk的数据内容

// zbh Wants to print ramdisk.img data which has been loaded by uboot in the ddr.
static int print_ramdisk(const unsigned char *inbuf, unsigned long size)
{
    unsigned long len = size;
    unsigned long cnt = 0;

    len = 0x50;
    pr_notice("\033[1;31m 1111 initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):len=%08lx \033[0m\r\n", 
        __func__, __LINE__, len);
    for (cnt = 0; cnt < len; cnt++) {
        if (cnt % 16 == 0)
            printk(KERN_CONT KERN_INFO "\n");
        //printk(KERN_INFO "%02x", inbuf[cnt]);
        printk(KERN_CONT KERN_INFO "%02x ", inbuf[cnt]);
    }
    pr_notice("\033[1;31m 222aa initramfs.c zbh %s(%d): cnt=0x%x \033[0m \r\n", 
        __func__, __LINE__, cnt);
    return 0;
}

static int __init populate_rootfs(void)
{
    pr_notice("zbh aaaaaaaaaaaaa");
    pr_notice("zbh bbbb");
    pr_notice("zbh cccc");
    pr_notice("zbh ddd\n");
    pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):populate_rootfs start \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);
    /* Load the built in initramfs */
    pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):initrd_start=%08lx initrd_end=%08lx\033[0m\r\n", 
        __func__, __LINE__, initrd_start, initrd_end);
    pr_notice("\033[1;31m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):PHYS_OFFSET=%08lx \033[0m\r\n", 
        __func__, __LINE__, PHYS_OFFSET);
    char *err = unpack_to_rootfs(__initramfs_start, __initramfs_size);
    if (err)
        panic("%s", err); /* Failed to decompress INTERNAL initramfs */
    /* If available load the bootloader supplied initrd */
    if (initrd_start && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INITRAMFS_FORCE)) {
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
        int fd;
        printk(KERN_INFO "Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...\n");
        print_ramdisk((unsigned char *)initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start);

        err = unpack_to_rootfs((char *)initrd_start,
            initrd_end - initrd_start);
        if (!err) {
            pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):err=%d free_initrd()\033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, err);
            free_initrd();
            goto done;
        } else {
            pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):err=%d clean_rootfs()\033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, err);
            clean_rootfs();
            unpack_to_rootfs(__initramfs_start, __initramfs_size);
        }
        pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):initrd_start=%08lx initrd_end=%08lx\033[0m\r\n", 
            __func__, __LINE__, initrd_start, initrd_end);

        printk(KERN_INFO "rootfs image is not initramfs (%s)"
                "; looks like an initrd\n", err);
        fd = sys_open("/initrd.image",
                  O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0700);
        if (fd >= 0) {
            ssize_t written = xwrite(fd, (char *)initrd_start,
                        initrd_end - initrd_start);

            if (written != initrd_end - initrd_start)
                pr_err("/initrd.image: incomplete write (%zd != %ld)\n",
                       written, initrd_end - initrd_start);

            sys_close(fd);
            free_initrd();
        }
    done:
        /* empty statement */;
#else
        printk(KERN_INFO "Unpacking initramfs...\n");
        err = unpack_to_rootfs((char *)initrd_start,
            initrd_end - initrd_start);
        pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c no CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM zbh %s(%d):err=%d clean_rootfs()\033[0m\r\n", 
            __func__, __LINE__, err);
        pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c no CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM zbh %s(%d):initrd_start=%08lx initrd_end=%08lx\033[0m\r\n", 
            __func__, __LINE__, initrd_start, initrd_end);
        if (err)
            printk(KERN_EMERG "Initramfs unpacking failed: %s\n", err);
        free_initrd();
#endif
    }
    flush_delayed_fput();
    /*
     * Try loading default modules from initramfs.  This gives
     * us a chance to load before device_initcalls.
     */
    pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):load_default_modules() \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);
    load_default_modules();

    pr_notice("\033[1;33m initramfs.c zbh %s(%d):end() \033[0m\r\n", __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}
rootfs_initcall(populate_rootfs);

 71.保存内核printk dmesg信息到文件中

sys.c 

#define
READ_SIZE (1024 * 1024) static char dmesg_buf[READ_SIZE]; static int save_dmesg_before_power_off(void) { #define DMESG_SAVE_PATH "/data/tmp/pedlogcat/tp_dmesg.txt" #define KMSG_PATH "/proc/kmsg" struct file *save_fp; struct file *kmsg_fp; mm_segment_t fs; loff_t dmesg_pos, kmsg_pos; ssize_t read_size = 0, write_size = 0; save_fp = filp_open(DMESG_SAVE_PATH, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644); if (IS_ERR(save_fp)) { printk("{zbh}%s: open %s error\n", __func__, DMESG_SAVE_PATH); return -1; } kmsg_fp = filp_open(KMSG_PATH, O_RDONLY, 0); if (IS_ERR(kmsg_fp)) { printk("{zbh}%s: open %s error\n", __func__, KMSG_PATH); filp_close(save_fp, NULL); return -1; } fs = get_fs(); set_fs(KERNEL_DS); dmesg_pos = vfs_llseek(save_fp, 0, SEEK_END); kmsg_pos = vfs_llseek(kmsg_fp, 0, SEEK_SET); write_size = vfs_write(save_fp, "\r\n {a new boot} \r\n", 20, &save_fp->f_pos); memset(dmesg_buf, 0, READ_SIZE); read_size = vfs_read(kmsg_fp, dmesg_buf, READ_SIZE, &kmsg_fp->f_pos); if(read_size) { write_size = vfs_write(save_fp, dmesg_buf, read_size, &save_fp->f_pos); } set_fs(fs); filp_close(save_fp, NULL); filp_close(kmsg_fp, NULL); return 0; }

/**
* kernel_power_off - power_off the system
*
* Shutdown everything and perform a clean system power_off.
*/
void kernel_power_off(void)
{
save_dmesg_before_power_off();
sys_sync();

72. 查看工具链版本 ELF文件

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-readelf vmlinux -p .comment

objdump -s --section=.comment vmlinux

73.列出当前目录文件全路径

 find $(pwd) -name "*"

 

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新浪博客:http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/2049150530
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知乎:http://www.zhihu.com/people/zhang-bing-hua

 

posted @ 2016-03-15 14:12  Sky&Zhang  阅读(2327)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报