第一个Linux驱动-流水灯【转】
转自:http://www.xuebuyuan.com/1856562.html
水平有限,描述不当之处请指出,转载请注明出处http://blog.csdn.net/vanbreaker/article/details/7711695
本节介绍如何利用板载的Led和Linux的内核定时器实现一个简单的流水灯的驱动,所使用的开发板是TQ2440,内核版本2.6.30.4。
程序比较简单,也没涉及到什么机制,直接上代码了!关于定时器的使用模板可以参考<<Linux设备驱动开发详解>>.
驱动程序:
#include<linux/module.h> #include<linux/init.h> #include<linux/types.h> #include<linux/fs.h> #include<linux/mm.h> #include<linux/cdev.h> #include<linux/slab.h> #include<linux/timer.h> #include<linux/jiffies.h> #include<asm/io.h> #include<asm/uaccess.h> #include<mach/regs-gpio.h> #define LED_MAJOR 244 #define LED_ON 0 #define LED_OFF 1 #define LED1_PIN S3C2410_GPB5 #define LED2_PIN S3C2410_GPB6 #define LED3_PIN S3C2410_GPB7 #define LED4_PIN S3C2410_GPB8 static unsigned long led_major = LED_MAJOR; struct led_dev { struct cdev cdev; struct timer_list s_timer; atomic_t led_no; //LED编号 atomic_t sec_counter; //秒计时数 }; struct led_dev *led_devp; void led_control(int led_no) { switch(led_no) { case 1:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_ON); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF); break; case 2:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_ON); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF); break; case 3:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_ON); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF); break; case 4:s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_ON); break; default:break; } } //定时器处理函数 static void sec_timer_handler(unsigned long arg) { int num; mod_timer(&led_devp->s_timer,jiffies+HZ); num = atomic_read(&led_devp->led_no); if(num == 4) { atomic_set(&led_devp->led_no,1); } else { atomic_inc(&led_devp->led_no); } num = atomic_read(&led_devp->led_no); led_control(num); atomic_inc(&led_devp->sec_counter); num = atomic_read(&led_devp->sec_counter); printk(KERN_INFO "sec_count:%d\n",num); } static int led_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp) { struct timer_list *timer; timer = &led_devp->s_timer; init_timer(timer); timer->function = sec_timer_handler; timer->expires = jiffies+HZ; //计时频率为HZ add_timer(timer); atomic_set(&led_devp->sec_counter,0); atomic_set(&led_devp->led_no,0); return 0; } static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { del_timer(&led_devp->s_timer); return 0; } static ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) { int count,led_no; int result; count = atomic_read(&led_devp->sec_counter); led_no = atomic_read(&led_devp->led_no); result = (count<<3)+led_no; if(put_user(result,(int*)buf)) { return -EFAULT; } else { return sizeof(int); } } static const struct file_operations led_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .read = led_read, .open = led_open, .release = led_release, }; static void led_setup_cdev(struct led_dev *dev, int index) { int err,devno = MKDEV(led_major,index); cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&led_fops); dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1); if(err) { printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding %d\n",err,index); } } static int led_init(void) { int result; dev_t devno = MKDEV(led_major,0); //获取设备号 /*注册设备*/ if(led_major) result = register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"led"); else { result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"led"); led_major = MAJOR(devno); } if(result<0) { printk("register failed!"); return result; } led_devp =(struct led_dev*)kmalloc(sizeof(struct led_dev),GFP_KERNEL); if(!led_devp) { result = -ENOMEM; unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1); } memset(led_devp, 0 ,sizeof(struct led_dev)); led_setup_cdev(led_devp,0); /*配置IO口*/ s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED1_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED2_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED3_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT); s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(LED4_PIN,S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT); /*初始化IO电平*/ s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED1_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED2_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED3_PIN,LED_OFF); s3c2410_gpio_setpin(LED4_PIN,LED_OFF); return 0; } static void led_exit(void) { cdev_del(&led_devp->cdev); kfree(led_devp); unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(led_major,0),1); } MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("Vanbreaker"); module_init(led_init); module_exit(led_exit);
在该例程中,由于控制LED亮灭的部分放在了定时器处理函数中,因此led_read函数没有实际作用,这样的话应用程序就简单一些;另一种选择是将该控制部分放在应用程序中完成,不过还得添加一个iocntl函数,这是我之前的做法。
控制s3c2440的IO口可以使用内核中已经提供的操作函数,在arch\arm\plat-s3c24xx\Gpio.c中,需要包含头文件<asm/io.h>相关的IO口定义在arch\arm\s3c2410\include\mach\Regs-gpio.h中,需要包含头文件<mach/regs-gpio.h>
可以分析下s3c2410_gpio_setpin()这个函数
void s3c2410_gpio_setpin(unsigned int pin, unsigned int to) { void __iomem *base = S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(pin);//获取该pin所在的gpio组的虚拟地址 unsigned long offs = S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin);//计算该pin在gpio组内的偏移 unsigned long flags; unsigned long dat; local_irq_save(flags); dat = __raw_readl(base + 0x04);//通过加上0x04定位到数据寄存器,将该组gpio的数据读取出来 dat &= ~(1 << offs); //相应位清零 dat |= to << offs; //相应位置位 __raw_writel(dat, base + 0x04); //写回数据 local_irq_restore(flags); }
#define S3C24XX_GPIO_BASE(x) S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(x)
#define S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin) ((((pin) & ~31) >> 1) + S3C24XX_VA_GPIO)
S3C2410_GPIO_BASE(pin)用来计算pin所在的GPIO组的虚拟地址,S3C24XX_VA_GPIO是IO的虚拟基址,我们分析一下 ((pin)&~31)>>1是什么意思。首先我们得了解传入的参数究竟是什么形式的,以S3C2410_GPA0的定义为例:
#define S3C2410_GPA0 S3C2410_GPIONO(S3C2410_GPIO_BANKA, 0)
#define S3C2410_GPIONO(bank,offset) ((bank) + (offset)) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKA (32*0) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKB (32*1) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKC (32*2) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKD (32*3) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKE (32*4) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKF (32*5) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKG (32*6) #define S3C2410_GPIO_BANKH (32*7)
可以看到bank都有32位,因此传入的pin参数实际就是离起始bank的位偏移,S3C2410_GPA0为0,S3C2410_GPB0为32.而每个GPIO组都有4个寄存器,一个GPIO组所占的内存大小就有4*32/8=32/2=32>>1=16个字节大小,由此可见 (pin)&~31是先将低位屏蔽,计算出pin所在的gpio组,再将结果右移一位就是计算字节的偏移,如GPA的偏移为0,GPB的偏移为0X10,GPC的偏移为0X20……最后将偏移加上IO的虚拟基址就得到了该组IO口的虚拟地址了。
计算组内偏移很简单:
#define S3C2410_GPIO_OFFSET(pin) ((pin) & 31)
应用测试程序:
#include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<fcntl.h> #include<string.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main() { int fd; fd = open("/dev/led_timer",O_RDWR); if(fd != -1) { printf("open /dev/led_timer\n"); while(1); } else { printf("cannot open /dev/led_timer!"); } }
将编译好的模块和应用程序移到开发板上进行加载和执行,即可以看到流水灯的效果