一、简介
pt-query-digest是用于分析mysql慢查询的一个工具，它可以分析binlog、General log、slowlog，也可以通过SHOWPROCESSLIST或者通过tcpdump抓取的MySQL协议数据来进行分析。可以把分析结果输出到文件中，分析过程是先对查询语句的条件进行参数化，然后对参数化以后的查询进行分组统计，统计出各查询的执行时间、次数、占比等，可以借助分析结果找出问题进行优化。
二、安装pt-query-digest
pt-query-digest是percona-toolkit里面一个工具，其作用就是分析慢查询日志，将MySQL慢查询日志进行统计并友好的显示出来
1、安装依赖包
[root@zabbix_server bin]# yum install perl-DBI perl-DBD-MySQL perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-Digest-MD5 -y
2、下载percona-toolkit二进制包
[root@zabbix_server conf.d]# mkdir /usr/local/src/percona-toolkit
[root@zabbix_server conf.d]# cd /usr/local/src/percona-toolkit
[root@zabbix_server percona-toolkit]# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.10/binary/tarball/percona-toolkit-3.0.10_x86_64.tar.gz
--2020-04-07 16:44:49-- https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.10/binary/tarball/percona-toolkit-3.0.10_x86_64.tar.gz
正在解析主机 www.percona.com... 74.121.199.234
正在连接 www.percona.com|74.121.199.234|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：8170395 (7.8M) [application/x-gzip]
正在保存至: “percona-toolkit-3.0.10_x86_64.tar.gz”
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2020-04-07 16:44:59 (1.09 MB/s) - 已保存 “percona-toolkit-3.0.10_x86_64.tar.gz” [8170395/8170395])
[root@zabbix_server percona-toolkit]#
解压
[root@zabbix_server percona-toolkit]# tar -zxvf percona-toolkit-3.0.10_x86_64.tar.gz
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/CONTRIBUTE.md
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/Makefile.PL
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/docker-compose.yml
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/CONTRIBUTING.md
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/Gopkg.lock
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/README.md
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-summary
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-slave-delay
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-mongodb-query-digest
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-slave-restart
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-variable-advisor
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-fingerprint
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-secure-collect
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-index-usage
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-archiver
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-find
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-heartbeat
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-fifo-split
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-fk-error-logger
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-mysql-summary
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-online-schema-change
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-table-usage
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-align
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-query-digest
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-ioprofile
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-visual-explain
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-stalk
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-mext
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-table-checksum
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-show-grants
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-pmp
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-upgrade
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-diskstats
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-sift
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-config-diff
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-slave-find
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-kill
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-duplicate-key-checker
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-deadlock-logger
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-mongodb-summary
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/bin/pt-table-sync
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/lib/
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/docs/
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/docs/percona-toolkit.pod
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/Gopkg.toml
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/MANIFEST
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/COPYING
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/Changelog
percona-toolkit-3.0.10/INSTALL
[root@zabbix_server percona-toolkit]# mv percona-toolkit-3.0.10 /usr/local/
3、运行查看版本
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --version
pt-query-digest 3.0.10
[root@zabbix_server bin]#
pt-query-digest: 慢查询日志分析统计
pt-summary:服务器摘要
pt-diskstats:服务器磁盘监测
pt-msyql-summary:mysql服务状态摘要
三、pt-query-digest语法及重要选项
pt-query-digest [OPTIONS] [FILES] [DSN]
--create-review-table：当使用--review参数把分析结果输出到表中时，如果没有表就自动创建。
--create-history-table：当使用--history参数把分析结果输出到表中时，如果没有表就自动创建。
--filter：对输入的慢查询按指定的字符串进行匹配过滤后再进行分析
--limit：限制输出结果百分比或数量，默认值是20,即将最慢的20条语句输出，如果是50%则按总响应时间占比从大到小排序，输出到总和达到50%位置截止。
--host：mysql服务器地址
--user：mysql用户名
--password：mysql用户密码
--history：将分析结果保存到表中，分析结果比较详细，下次再使用--history时，如果存在相同的语句，且查询所在的时间区间和历史表中的不同，则会记录到数据表中，可以通过查询同一CHECKSUM来比较某类型查询的历史变化。
--review：将分析结果保存到表中，这个分析只是对查询条件进行参数化，一个类型的查询一条记录，比较简单。当下次使用--review时，如果存在相同的语句分析，就不会记录到数据表中。
--output：分析结果输出类型，值可以是report(标准分析报告)、slowlog(Mysql slow log)、json、json-anon，一般使用report，以便于阅读。
--since：从什么时间开始分析，值为字符串，可以是指定的某个”yyyy-mm-dd [hh:mm:ss]”格式的时间点，也可以是简单的一个时间值：s(秒)、h(小时)、m(分钟)、d(天)，如12h就表示从12小时前开始统计。
--until：截止时间，配合—since可以分析一段时间内的慢查询。
四、pt-query-digest输出结果的分析
第一部分：总体统计结果
Overall：总共有多少条查询
Time range：查询执行的时间范围
unique：唯一查询数量，即对查询条件进行参数化以后，总共有多少个不同的查询
total：总计 min：最小 max：最大 avg：平均
95%：把所有值从小到大排列，位置位于95%的那个数，这个数一般最具有参考价值
median：中位数，把所有值从小到大排列，位置位于中间那个数
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log # A software update is available: # 490ms user time, 40ms system time, 26.75M rss, 223.77M vsz # Current date: Wed Apr 8 09:50:22 2020 # Hostname: zabbix_server.jinglong # Files: /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log # Overall: 4 total, 4 unique, 0.00 QPS, 0.06x concurrency ________________ # Time range: 2020-04-07T06:34:40 to 2020-04-07T09:16:18 # Attribute total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Exec time 628s 106ms 536s 157s 511s 212s 300s # Lock time 368us 0 146us 92us 144us 54us 132us # Rows sent 3 0 1 0.75 0.99 0.43 0.99 # Rows examine 161.34M 0 146.78M 40.34M 142.90M 60.09M 78.66M # Query size 527 27 425 131.75 420.77 167.83 231.62 # Profile # Rank Query ID Response time Calls R/Call V/M Item # ==== ================== ============== ===== ======== ===== ============ # 1 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 536.4558 85.4% 1 536.4558 0.00 SELECT history # 2 0x47C7D572627422FB 91.3777 14.5% 1 91.3777 0.00 SELECT trends # MISC 0xMISC 0.3991 0.1% 2 0.1996 0.0 <2 ITEMS> # Query 1: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 at byte 483 ______ # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. # Scores: V/M = 0.00 # Time range: all events occurred at 2020-04-07T06:42:47 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Count 25 1 # Exec time 85 536s 536s 536s 536s 536s 0 536s # Lock time 39 146us 146us 146us 146us 146us 0 146us # Rows sent 33 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 # Rows examine 90 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 0 146.78M # Query size 8 43 43 43 43 43 0 43 # String: # Hosts 172.28.146.109 # Users root # Query_time distribution # 1us # 10us # 100us # 1ms # 10ms # 100ms # 1s # 10s+ ################################################################ # Tables # SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'history'\G # SHOW CREATE TABLE `history`\G # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ select count(*) from history LIMIT 0, 1000\G # Query 2: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x47C7D572627422FB at byte 241 ______ # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. # Scores: V/M = 0.00 # Time range: all events occurred at 2020-04-07T06:38:39 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Count 25 1 # Exec time 14 91s 91s 91s 91s 91s 0 91s # Lock time 27 102us 102us 102us 102us 102us 0 102us # Rows sent 33 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 # Rows examine 9 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 0 14.56M # Query size 5 27 27 27 27 27 0 27 # String: # Hosts zabbix_server # Users root # Query_time distribution # 1us # 10us # 100us # 1ms # 10ms # 100ms # 1s # 10s+ ################################################################ # Tables # SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'trends'\G # SHOW CREATE TABLE `trends`\G # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ select count(*) from trends\G [root@zabbix_server bin]#
1、总体统计结果
# 490ms user time, 40ms system time, 26.75M rss, 223.77M vsz # Current date: Wed Apr 8 09:50:22 2020 # Hostname: zabbix_server.jinglong # Files: /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log # Overall: 4 total, 4 unique, 0.00 QPS, 0.06x concurrency ________________ # Time range: 2020-04-07T06:34:40 to 2020-04-07T09:16:18 # Attribute total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Exec time 628s 106ms 536s 157s 511s 212s 300s # Lock time 368us 0 146us 92us 144us 54us 132us # Rows sent 3 0 1 0.75 0.99 0.43 0.99 # Rows examine 161.34M 0 146.78M 40.34M 142.90M 60.09M 78.66M # Query size 527 27 425 131.75 420.77 167.83 231.62
该工具执行日志分析的用户时间，系统时间，物理内存占用大小，虚拟内存占用大小
#490ms user time, 40ms system time, 26.75M rss, 223.77M vsz
工具执行时间
Current date: Wed Apr 8 09:50:22 2020
运行分析工具的主机名
Hostname: zabbix_server.jinglong
被分析的文件名
Files: /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
语句总数量，唯一的语句数量，QPS，并发数
Overall: 4 total, 4 unique, 0.00 QPS, 0.06x concurrency
查询执行的时间范围
Time range: 2020-04-07T06:34:40 to 2020-04-07T09:16:18
属性 属性占整个报告百分比 总计 最小 最大 平均 95% 标准 中等
Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median
语句执行时间 锁占用时间 语句返回行数 语句扫描行数 查询的字符数
Exec time Lock time Rows sent Rows examine Query size
2、分组统计结果
# Profile # Rank Query ID Response time Calls R/Call V/M Item # ==== ================== ============== ===== ======== ===== ============ # 1 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 536.4558 85.4% 1 536.4558 0.00 SELECT history # 2 0x47C7D572627422FB 91.3777 14.5% 1 91.3777 0.00 SELECT trends # MISC 0xMISC 0.3991 0.1% 2 0.1996 0.0 <2 ITEMS>
Rank:所有语句的排名，默认按查询时间降序排列，通过--order-by指定
Query ID:语句的ID，（去掉多余空格和文本字符，计算hash值）
Response:总的响应时间
time:该查询在本次分析中总的时间占比
calls：执行次数，即本次分析总共有多少条这种类型的查询语句
R/Call：平均每次执行的响应时间
V/M：响应时间Variance-to-mean的比率
Item：查询对象
3、每一种查询的详细统计结果
# Query 1: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 at byte 483 ______ # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. # Scores: V/M = 0.00 # Time range: all events occurred at 2020-04-07T06:42:47 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Count 25 1 # Exec time 85 536s 536s 536s 536s 536s 0 536s # Lock time 39 146us 146us 146us 146us 146us 0 146us # Rows sent 33 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 # Rows examine 90 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 0 146.78M # Query size 8 43 43 43 43 43 0 43 # String: # Hosts 172.28.146.109 # Users root # Query_time distribution # 1us # 10us # 100us # 1ms # 10ms # 100ms # 1s # 10s+ ################################################################ # Tables # SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'history'\G # SHOW CREATE TABLE `history`\G # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ select count(*) from history LIMIT 0, 1000\G # Query 2: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x47C7D572627422FB at byte 241 ______ # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. # Scores: V/M = 0.00 # Time range: all events occurred at 2020-04-07T06:38:39 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= # Count 25 1 # Exec time 14 91s 91s 91s 91s 91s 0 91s # Lock time 27 102us 102us 102us 102us 102us 0 102us # Rows sent 33 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 # Rows examine 9 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 0 14.56M # Query size 5 27 27 27 27 27 0 27 # String: # Hosts zabbix_server # Users root # Query_time distribution # 1us # 10us # 100us # 1ms # 10ms # 100ms # 1s # 10s+ ################################################################ # Tables # SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'trends'\G # SHOW CREATE TABLE `trends`\G # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ select count(*) from trends\G [root@zabbix_server bin]#
Query 1: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 at byte 483
ID：查询的ID号，和上图的Query ID对应
Count->total 表示查询执行了25次
Exec time->pct 表示执行时间总共站了所有查询的百分之十四
Exec time->total 表示执行时间总共91s
Exec time->min 表示最小执行时间
Exec time->max 表示最大执行时间
Exec time->avg 表示平均执行时间
Exec time->95% 表示有百分之95的执行时间小于91s
Exec time->stddev 标准偏差，表示所有值偏离平均值的波动程度 （计算这个是从百分之95来算出的，排除了特别大的数）
Exec time->median 中间的那个值 （计算这个是从百分之95来算出的，排除了特别大的数）
Query_time distribution：查询时间分布, 长短体现区间占比
Tables：查询中涉及到的表
EXPLAIN：SQL语句
五、用法示例
1、将结果输出到报告文件
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log >/home/slow_report.log
[root@zabbix_server bin]# vim /home/slow_report.log 1 2 # 450ms user time, 50ms system time, 24.53M rss, 209.02M vsz 3 # Current date: Wed Apr 8 10:49:23 2020 4 # Hostname: zabbix_server.jinglong 5 # Files: /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log 6 # Overall: 6 total, 5 unique, 0.00 QPS, 0.01x concurrency ________________ 7 # Time range: 2020-04-07T06:34:40 to 2020-04-08T02:38:33 8 # Attribute total min max avg 95% stddev median 9 # ============ ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= 10 # Exec time 642s 106ms 536s 107s 511s 186s 49s 11 # Lock time 368us 0 146us 61us 144us 61us 108us 12 # Rows sent 5 0 1 0.83 0.99 0.37 0.99 13 # Rows examine 161.34M 0 146.78M 26.89M 142.90M 52.45M 0 14 # Query size 558 15 425 93 420.77 147.43 37.09 15 16 # Profile 17 # Rank Query ID Response time Calls R/Call V/M Item 18 # ==== ================== ============== ===== ======== ===== ============ 19 # 1 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 536.4558 83.5% 1 536.4558 0.00 SELECT history 20 # 2 0x47C7D572627422FB 91.3777 14.2% 1 91.3777 0.00 SELECT trends 21 # MISC 0xMISC 14.3996 2.2% 4 3.5999 0.0 <3 ITEMS> 22 23 # Query 1: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x99E696CEDECCBA36 at byte 483 ______ 24 # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. 25 # Scores: V/M = 0.00 26 # Time range: all events occurred at 2020-04-07T06:42:47 27 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median 28 # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= 29 # Count 16 1 30 # Exec time 83 536s 536s 536s 536s 536s 0 536s 31 # Lock time 39 146us 146us 146us 146us 146us 0 146us 32 # Rows sent 20 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 33 # Rows examine 90 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 146.78M 0 146.78M 34 # Query size 7 43 43 43 43 43 0 43 35 # String: 36 # Hosts 172.28.146.109 37 # Users root 38 # Query_time distribution 39 # 1us 40 # 10us 41 # 100us 42 # 1ms 43 # 10ms 44 # 100ms 45 # 1s 46 # 10s+ ################################################################ 47 # Tables 48 # SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'history'\G 49 # SHOW CREATE TABLE `history`\G 50 # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ 51 select count(*) from history 52 LIMIT 0, 1000\G 53 54 # Query 2: 0 QPS, 0x concurrency, ID 0x47C7D572627422FB at byte 241 ______ 55 # This item is included in the report because it matches --limit. 56 # Scores: V/M = 0.00 57 # Time range: all events occurred at 2020-04-07T06:38:39 58 # Attribute pct total min max avg 95% stddev median 59 # ============ === ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= 60 # Count 16 1 61 # Exec time 14 91s 91s 91s 91s 91s 0 91s 62 # Lock time 27 102us 102us 102us 102us 102us 0 102us 63 # Rows sent 20 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 64 # Rows examine 9 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 14.56M 0 14.56M 65 # Query size 4 27 27 27 27 27 0 27 66 # String: 67 # Hosts zabbix_server 68 # Users root 69 # Query_time distribution 70 # 1us 71 # 10us 72 # 100us 73 # 1ms 74 # 10ms 75 # 100ms 76 # 1s 77 # 10s+ ################################################################ 78 # Tables 79 # SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'trends'\G 80 # SHOW CREATE TABLE `trends`\G 81 # EXPLAIN /*!50100 PARTITIONS*/ 82 select count(*) from trends\G [root@zabbix_server bin]#
2、分析最近10小时内的查询
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --since=10h /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
3.分析指定时间范围内的查询
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --since='2020-04-08 00:00:00' --until='2020-04-08 11:00:00' /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
4.分析指含有select语句的慢查询
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --filter '$event->{fingerprint}=~ m/^select/i' /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
5.针对某个用户的慢查询
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --filter '($event->{user}||"")=~ m/^root/i' /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
6.查询所有所有的全表扫描或full join的慢查询
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --filter '(($event->{Full_scan}||"") eq "yes")||(($event->{Full_join}||"") eq "yes")' /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
7.把查询保存到指定数据库的query_review表
[root@zabbix_server bin]# ./pt-query-digest --user=root --password=xxxxxxx --review h=172.28.18.75,D=slow_query_log,t=global_query_review /home/mysql_data/mysql/zabbix_server-slow.log
mysql> use slow_query_log; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from global_query_view; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'slow_query_log.global_query_view' doesn't exist mysql> select * from global_query_review; +----------------------+---------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+ | checksum | fingerprint | sample | first_seen | last_seen | reviewed_by | reviewed_on | comments | reviewed_status | +----------------------+---------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+ | 5172337384313070331 | select count(*) from trends | select count(*) from trends | 2020-04-07 06:38:39 | 2020-04-07 06:38:39 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 6514775613177967797 | select count(*) from `history_uint` limit ? | select count(*) from `history_uint` LIMIT 0, 1000 | 2020-04-08 02:56:46 | 2020-04-08 02:56:46 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | | 11089716947691813430 | select count(*) from history limit ? | select count(*) from history LIMIT 0, 1000 | 2020-04-07 06:42:47 | 2020-04-07 06:42:47 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | +----------------------+---------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+----------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec
已经保存到数据表里了
