linux下nginx日常操作

一、检查配置文件语法

[root@node2 /]# nginx -tc /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

二、重载配置

[root@node2 /]# nginx -s reload

三、查看已安装模块列表

[root@localhost src]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'

四、加载连接状态统计模块

编辑nginx.conf文件，加入一个location,加载stub_status模块

创建配置文件目录，将默认配置文件复制到此目录

[root@node2 /]# mkdir /etc/nginx
[root@node2 /]# cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /etc/nginx

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

在server里加入一个location

        location /stats{
           stub_status;
        }

保存、退出,检查语法

[root@node2 sbin]# nginx -tc /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/mime.types" failed (2: No such file or directory) in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:18
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

报错，将mime.types文件以及html目录复制到/etc/nginx/下

cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types /etc/nginx
cp -r /usr/local/nginx/html/ /etc/nginx/

再检查语法

[root@node2 nginx]# nginx -tc /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

重载配置

[root@node2 nginx]# nginx -s reload

浏览器打开http://ip/stats

显示以上信息：

Active connections: 1 

当前活动连接数:1

server accepts handled requests

 3 3 28

分别表示：握手次数、连接次数、请求次数

正常情况下，握手次数和连接次数是相等的，表明没有丢失的连接

Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 2 

 

Reading：表示当前状态正在读的连接个数、

Writing：表示当前状态正在写的连接个数

Waiting：表示当前状态空闲的连接个数，当nginx开启了长连接keepalive后，会出现空闲连接

在nginx.conf配置文件中有一个keepalive_timeout参数，用于设置长连接超时时间

keepalive_timeout  65;

五、加载请求限制模块

 

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

 

在server之前加上

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_zone:1m rate=1r/s;

location里加上

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_req zone=req_zone;
        }

保存，检查语法并重载

[root@node2 nginx]# nginx -tc /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node2 nginx]# nginx -s reload
[root@node2 nginx]# 

压测

[root@node2 logs]# ab -n 10 -c 1 http://127.0.0.1/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx/1.14.2
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        612 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   0.002 seconds
Complete requests:      10
Failed requests:        9
   (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 9, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      9
Total transferred:      7424 bytes
HTML transferred:       5445 bytes
Requests per second:    4854.37 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       0.206 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.206 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          3519.42 [Kbytes/sec] received

显示只有1次请求正常，其他9次被限制了

添加延迟响应参数

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_req zone=req_zone burst=2;
        }

保存，重载，再次压测

[root@node2 logs]# ab -n 10 -c 1 http://127.0.0.1/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient).....done


Server Software:        nginx/1.14.2
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /
Document Length:        612 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1
Time taken for tests:   9.002 seconds
Complete requests:      10
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      8450 bytes
HTML transferred:       6120 bytes
Requests per second:    1.11 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       900.161 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       900.161 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          0.92 [Kbytes/sec] received

结果显示，请求全部成功，但是耗时变成了9秒，请求被延迟响应。