实验五

task1：

代码：

#include "publisher.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <typeinfo>

using std::vector;

void test() {
   vector<Publisher *> v;

   v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
   v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
   v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));

   for(auto &ptr: v) {
        cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl;  // 输出指针类型
        cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl;    // 输出指针指向的对象类型
        ptr->publish();
        ptr->use();
        cout << endl;
   }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

// 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类）
class Publisher {
public:
    Publisher(const string &s = "");            // 构造函数

public:
    virtual void publish() const = 0;                 // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
    virtual void use() const = 0;                     // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承

protected:
    string name;    // 发行/出版物名称
};

Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
}


// 图书类: Book
class Book: public Publisher {
public:
    Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");  // 构造函数

public:
    void publish() const override;        // 接口
    void use() const override;            // 接口

private:
    string author;          // 作者
};

Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
}

void Book::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
}

void Book::use() const {
    cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
}


// 电影类: Film
class Film: public Publisher {
public:
    Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = "");   // 构造函数

public:
    void publish() const override;    // 接口
    void use() const override;        // 接口            

private:
    string director;        // 导演
};

Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
}

void Film::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
}

void Film::use() const {
    cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
}


// 音乐类：Music
class Music: public Publisher {
public:
    Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");

public:
    void publish() const override;        // 接口
    void use() const override;            // 接口

private:
    string artist;      // 音乐艺术家名称
};

Music::Music(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, artist{a} {
}

void Music::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing music <" << name << "> by " << artist << endl;
}

void Music::use() const {
    cout << "Listening to music: " << name << " by " << artist << endl;
}

截图：

task2:

代码：

#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using std::string;
using std::ostream;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;
using std::left;

class Book {
public:
    Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);

private:
    string name;        // 书名
    string author;      // 作者
    string translator;  // 译者
    string isbn;        // isbn号
    float price;        // 定价
};

// 成员函数实现
Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
    this->name = name;
    this->author = author;
    this->translator = translator;
    this->isbn = isbn;
    this->price = price;
}

// 友元实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
    out << left;
    out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl
        << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
        << setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl
        << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
        << setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;

    return out;
}

#pragma once

#include "book.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;

class BookSale {
public:
    BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
    int get_amount() const;
    
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);

private:
    Book rb;         
    float sales_price;      // 售价
    int sales_amount;       // 销售数量
    float revenue;          // 营收
};

// 成员函数实现
BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {  
    revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
}

int BookSale::get_amount() const {
    return sales_amount;
}

// 友元函数实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
    out << left;
    out << item.rb << endl
        << setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl
        << setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
        << setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;

    return out;
}

#include "booksale.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

// 按图书销售数额比较
bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
    return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
}

void test() {
    using namespace std;

     vector<BookSale> sales_lst;         // 存放图书销售记录

     int books_number;
    cout << "录入图书数量: ";
    cin >> books_number;

    cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
        string name, author, translator, isbn;
        float price;
        cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
        cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;
        cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;
        cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;
        cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
        cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;

        Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);

        float sales_price;
        int sales_amount;

        cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;
        cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;

        BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
        sales_lst.push_back(record);
    }

    // 按销售册数排序
    sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);

    // 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息
    cout << string(20, '=') <<  "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;
    for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
        cout << t << endl;
        cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

截图：

1.通过传递引用类型的输出流，以及返回引用类型的输出流达到一直输出的效果；

2.通过迭代器以及自己编写的函数；

3.通过列表初始化。

task3：

代码：

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

class MachinePets{
    private:
        string nickname;
    public:
        MachinePets(const string &s):nickname{s}{}
        virtual string talk()const=0;
        string get_nickname()const{
            return nickname;
        }
};


class PetCats:public MachinePets{
    public:
    PetCats(const string &s):MachinePets{s}{
    }
    string talk()const override;
};
string PetCats::talk()const{
    return "miao";
}

class PetDogs:public MachinePets{
    public:
    PetDogs(const string &s):MachinePets{s}{
    }
    string talk()const override;
};
string PetDogs::talk()const{
    return "wang";
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "pets.hpp"

void test() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<MachinePets *> pets;

    pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
    pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));

    for(auto &ptr: pets)
        cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

截图：

task4:

代码：

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Film {
    private:
        string name;
        string director;
        string area;
        string time;
    public:
        Film(const string &name="",const string &director="",const string &area="",const string &time="");
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f);
        friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f);
        string get_year()const {
            return time;
        }
};

Film::Film(const string &name,const string &director,const string &area,const string &time){
    this->name=name;
    this->director=director;
    this->area=area;
    this->time=time;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f) {
    out << f.name<< setw(15) << f.director <<setw(10) << f.area << setw(10) << f.time << endl;
    return out;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f) {
    in >> f.name >> f.director >> f.area >> f.time;
    return in;
}

bool compare_by_year(const Film& f1, const Film& f2) {
    return f1.get_year() < f2.get_year();
 }

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Film {
    private:
        string name;
        string director;
        string area;
        string time;
    public:
        Film(const string &name="",const string &director="",const string &area="",const string &time="");
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f);
        friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f);
        string get_year()const {
            return time;
        }
};

Film::Film(const string &name,const string &director,const string &area,const string &time){
    this->name=name;
    this->director=director;
    this->area=area;
    this->time=time;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f) {
    out << f.name<< setw(15) << f.director <<setw(10) << f.area << setw(10) << f.time << endl;
    return out;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f) {
    in >> f.name >> f.director >> f.area >> f.time;
    return in;
}

bool compare_by_year(const Film& f1, const Film& f2) {
    return f1.get_year() < f2.get_year();
 }

截图：

 task5：

代码：

#pragma once
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template <typename T>
class Complex {
    private:
        T real;
        T imag;
    public:
        Complex(const T& r = 0, const T& i = 0) : real { r }, imag { i } {}
        Complex operator+=(const Complex& c) {
            real += c.real;
            imag += c.imag;
            return *this;
        }
        friend Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
            return Complex<T>(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
        }
        friend bool operator==(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
            return c1.real == c2.real && c1.imag == c2.imag;
        }
        friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex& c) {
            if (c.imag >= 0)
                out << c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i";
            else
                out << c.real << "-" << -c.imag << "i";
            return out;
        }
        friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Complex& c) {
            in >> c.real >> c.imag;
            return in;
        }
        T get_real() const {
            return real;
        }
        T get_imag() const {
            return imag;
        }
};

#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void test1() {
    Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);

    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
    
    c1 += c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Complex<double> c1, c2;
    cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
    cin >> c1 >> c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;

    cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
    cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1: " << endl;
    test1();

    cout << endl;

    cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2: " << endl;
    test2();
}

截图：

 task6:

代码：

#include"account.h"
#include<iostream> 

using namespace std;

int main() {
    Date date(2008, 11, 1);
    SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
    CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
    Account* accounts[] = { &sa1,&sa2,&ca };
    const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
    cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
    char cmd;
    do {
        date.show();
        cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
        int index, day;
        double amount;
        string desc;
        cin >> cmd;
        switch (cmd) {
            case 'd':
                cin >> index >> amount;
                getline(cin, desc);
                accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
                break;

            case 'w':
                cin >> index >> amount;
                getline(cin, desc);
                accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
                break;
            case 's':
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    cout << "[" << i << "]";
                    accounts[i]->show();
                    cout << endl;
                }
                break;

            case 'c':
                cin >> day;
                if (day < date.getDay()) {
                    cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
                }             else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
                    cout << "Invalid day";
                else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
                break;
            case 'n':
                if (date.getMonth() == 12)
                    date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
                else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    accounts[i]->settle(date);
                }
                break;
        }
    } while (cmd != 'e');
    return 0;
}

#pragma once

class Date {
    private:
        int year;
        int month;
        int day;
        int totalDays;
    public:
        Date(int year, int month, int day);
        int getYear()const {
            return year;
        }
        int getMonth()const {
            return month;
        }
        int getDay()const {
            return day;
        }
        int getMaxDay()const;
        bool isLeapYear()const {
            return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
        }
        void show()const;
        int operator-(const Date& date)const {
            return totalDays - date.totalDays;
        }
};

#include"date.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>


using namespace std;

namespace {
    const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304 ,334,365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date: ";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay()const {
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
        return 29;
    else return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show()const {
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}

#pragma once

#include"date.h"

class Accumulator {
    private:
        Date lastDate;
        double value;
        double sum;
    public:
        Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum { 0 } {}
        double getSum(const Date& date) const {
            return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
        }
        void change(const Date& date, double value) {
            sum = getSum(date);
            lastDate = date;
            this->value = value;
        }
        void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
            lastDate = date;
            this->value;
            sum = 0;
        }
};

#pragma once

#include"date.h"
#include"accumulator.h"
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Account {
    private:
        string id;
        double balance;
        static double total;
    protected:
        Account(const Date& date, const string &id);
        void record(const Date& date, double amoount, const string& desc);
        void error(const string& msg) const;
    public:
        const string& getId() {
            return id;
        }
        double getBalance()const {
            return balance;
        }
        static double getTotal() {
            return total;
        }
        virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
        virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
        virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
        virtual void show()const;
};
class SavingsAccount :public Account {
    private:
        Accumulator acc;
        double rate;
    public:
        SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
        double getRate() const {
            return  rate;
        }
        void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void settle(const Date& date);
};
class CreditAccount :public Account {
    private:
        Accumulator acc;
        double credit;
        double rate;
        double fee;
        double getDebt()const {
            double balance = getBalance();
            return(balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
        }
    public:
        CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
        double getCredit()const {
            return credit;
        }
        double getRate()const {
            return rate;
        }
        double getFee() const {
            return fee;
        }
        double getAvailableCredit()const {
            if (getBalance() < 0)return credit + getBalance();
            else return credit;
        }
        void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void settle(const Date& date);
        void show()const;
};

#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

double Account::total = 0;
Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id(id), balance(0) {
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::show()const {
    cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
}
void Account::error(const string& msg)const {
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
}
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount > getBalance()) {
        error("not enough money");
    } else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getBalance());
    }
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date-Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
    if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest");
    acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee) :Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
        error("not enouogh credit");
    } else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getDebt());
    }
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
    if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
    if (date.getMonth() == 1)record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
    acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show()const {
    Account::show();
    cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}

截图：

 公共操作皆声明为虚函数,只需要一个指向基类的指针就可以访问，极大提高了效率。