前言：作为开发人员，对象的序列化恐怕难以避免。楼主也是很早以前就接触过序列化，可是理解都不太深刻，对于用哪种方式去做序列化更是随波逐流——项目中原来用的什么方式照着用就好了。可是这么多年自己对于这东西还是挺模糊的，今天正好有时间，就将原来用过的几种方式总结了下，也算是做一个记录，顺便做了下性能测试。楼主算了下，从使用序列化到现在，用到的无非下面几种方式：(1)JavaScriptSerializer方式;(2)DataContract方式;(3)Newtonsoft.Json.
1、准备工作：要对这三种方式分别作测试，必须要将相应的内库引用进来。
（1）JavaScriptSerializer这个类是.Net内置的，属于System.Web.Script.Serialization这个命名空间下面。需要引用System.Web.Extensions这个dll。
（2）DataContract方式也是.net内置的，主要使用的DataContractJsonSerializer这个类，属于System.Runtime.Serialization.Json这个命名空间。需要引用System.Runtime.Serialization这个dll。
（3）Newtonsoft.Json是第三方的dll，但是Visual Studio 对它做了很好的支持。使用方式有两种：一种是去网上下载最新的dll，然后添加引用即可；第二种是直接使用NuGet安装这个包。方式如下：
按照步骤安装即可。
2、类库准备完毕，还需要提供几个通用的方法。自己分别封装了JavaScriptSerializer和DataContract方式两个方法，代码如下：
#region DataContract序列化
public static class DataContractExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// 将对象转化为Json字符串
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">对象类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="instanse">对象本身</param>
/// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
public static string ToJsonString<T>(this T instanse)
{
try
{
DataContractJsonSerializer js = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
js.WriteObject(ms, instanse);
ms.Flush();
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ms);
return sr.ReadToEnd();
}
}
catch
{
return String.Empty;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 将字符串转化为JSON对象，如果转换失败，返回default(T)
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">对象类型</typeparam>
/// <param name="s">字符串</param>
/// <returns>转换值</returns>
public static T ToJsonObject<T>(this string s)
{
try
{
DataContractJsonSerializer js = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(ms);
sw.Write(s);
sw.Flush();
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return (T)js.ReadObject(ms);
}
}
catch
{
return default(T);
}
}
}
#endregion
#region JavaScriptSerializer方式序列化
public static class JavascriptExtentions
{
public static string ToScriptJsonString<T>(this T instanse)
{
try
{
JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
return js.Serialize(instanse);
}
catch
{
return String.Empty;
}
}
public static T ToScriptJsonObject<T>(this string s)
{
try
{
JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
return js.Deserialize<T>(s);
}
catch
{
return default(T);
}
}
}
#endregion
至于Newtonsoft.Json，自己有对应的方法，自己也封装了几个方法：
public class Newtonsoft_Common
{
#region 序列化
// 将对象(包含集合对象)序列化为Json
public static string SerializeObjToJson(object obj)
{
string strRes = string.Empty;
try
{
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(obj);
}
catch
{ }
return strRes;
}
//将xml转换为json
public static string SerializeXmlToJson(System.Xml.XmlNode node)
{
string strRes = string.Empty;
try
{
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeXmlNode(node);
}
catch
{ }
return strRes;
}
//支持Linq格式的xml转换
public static string SerializeXmlToJson(System.Xml.Linq.XNode node)
{
string strRes = string.Empty;
try
{
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeXNode(node);
}
catch
{ }
return strRes;
}
#endregion
#region 反序列化
//将json反序列化为实体对象(包含DataTable和List<>集合对象)
public static T DeserializeJsonToObj<T>(string strJson)
{
T oRes = default(T);
try
{
oRes = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(strJson);
}
catch
{ }
return oRes;
}
//将Json数组转换为实体集合
public static List<T> JsonLstToObjs<T>(List<string> lstJson)
{
List<T> lstRes = new List<T>();
try
{
foreach (var strObj in lstJson)
{
//将json反序列化为对象
var oRes = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(strObj);
lstRes.Add(oRes);
}
}
catch
{ }
return lstRes;
}
#endregion
}
还有就是提供测试数据的两个方法：
public static List<Person> GetPersons()
{
var lstRes = new List<Person>();
for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++)
{
var oPerson = new Person();
oPerson.Name = "李雷" + i;
oPerson.Age = 20;
oPerson.IsChild = i % 5 == 0 ? true : false;
oPerson.Test1 = "aaaaaa";
oPerson.Test2 = i.ToString() ;
oPerson.Test3 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test4 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test5 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test6 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test7 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test8 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test9 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test10 = i.ToString();
lstRes.Add(oPerson);
}
return lstRes;
}
public static DataTable GetDataTable()
{
var dt = new DataTable("dt");
dt.Columns.Add("Age", Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
dt.Columns.Add("Name", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("Sex", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("IsChild", Type.GetType("System.Boolean"));
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["Age"] = i + 1;
dr["Name"] = "Name" + i;
dr["Sex"] = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女";
dr["IsChild"] = i % 5 > 0 ? true : false;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
}
return dt;
}
public static List<Person> GetPersons()
{
var lstRes = new List<Person>();
for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++)
{
var oPerson = new Person();
oPerson.Name = "李雷" + i;
oPerson.Age = 20;
oPerson.IsChild = i % 5 == 0 ? true : false;
oPerson.Test1 = "aaaaaa";
oPerson.Test2 = i.ToString() ;
oPerson.Test3 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test4 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test5 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test6 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test7 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test8 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test9 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test10 = i.ToString();
lstRes.Add(oPerson);
}
return lstRes;
}
public static DataTable GetDataTable()
{
var dt = new DataTable("dt");
dt.Columns.Add("Age", Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
dt.Columns.Add("Name", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("Sex", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("IsChild", Type.GetType("System.Boolean"));
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["Age"] = i + 1;
dr["Name"] = "Name" + i;
dr["Sex"] = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女";
dr["IsChild"] = i % 5 > 0 ? true : false;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
}
return dt;
}
3、测试开始之前，先介绍下，本篇测试分别通过强类型对象和若类型的DataTable分别去做序列化和反序列化的测试。测试代码：
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 强类型对象
var lstRes = GetPersons();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstScriptSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToScriptJsonString<Person>());
}
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstScriptSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToScriptJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstFrameSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToJsonString<Person>());
}
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstFrameSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Add(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(oPerson));
}
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
foreach (var oNewtonsoft in lstNewtonsoftSerialize)
{
lstRes.Add(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Person>(oNewtonsoft));
}
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#endregion
#region 弱类型DataTable
/*var dt = GetDataTable();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
var strRes = dt.ToScriptJsonString<DataTable>();
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToScriptJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
strRes = dt.ToJsonString<DataTable>();
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dt);
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
dt = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataTable>(strRes);
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion*/
#endregion
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 强类型对象
var lstRes = GetPersons();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstScriptSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToScriptJsonString<Person>());
}
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstScriptSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToScriptJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstFrameSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToJsonString<Person>());
}
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstFrameSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Add(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(oPerson));
}
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
foreach (var oNewtonsoft in lstNewtonsoftSerialize)
{
lstRes.Add(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Person>(oNewtonsoft));
}
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#endregion
#region 弱类型DataTable
/*var dt = GetDataTable();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
var strRes = dt.ToScriptJsonString<DataTable>();
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToScriptJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
strRes = dt.ToJsonString<DataTable>();
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dt);
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
dt = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataTable>(strRes);
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时：" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion*/
#endregion
Console.ReadLine();
}
4、测试结果：
先说强类型对象的结果：
（1）集合数量100和1000时，序列化和反序列化三种方式差别不大：
（2）当超过10000时，
（3）继续加大数据量
弱类型DataTable的测试结果：
JavaScriptSerializer方式直接报错：
DataContract方式需要提供DataTable的表名，序列化得到是DataTable的Xml
Newtonsoft.Json方式可以实现和Json数据的序列化和反序列化。
5、测试总结：
（1）总的来说，DataContract和Newtonsoft.Json这两种方式效率差别不大，随着数量的增加JavaScriptSerializer的效率相对来说会低些。
（2）对于DataTable的序列化，如果要使用json数据通信，使用Newtonsoft.Json更合适，如果是用xml做持久化，使用DataContract合适。
（3）随着数量的增加JavaScriptSerializer序列化效率越来越低，反序列化和其他两种相差不大。
（4）后来发现当对象的DataTime类型属性不赋值时，DataContract和JavaScriptSerializer这两种方式序列化都会报错，而用Newtonsoft.Json方式可以正常序列化。所以看来在容错方便，还是Newtonsoft.Json比较强。
以上只是楼主自己做的简单测试，可能存在不够严谨的地方，望各位大虾拍砖指正~~
