你的第一个Solana SPL
简介 TFT
你的第一个SPL The first token
技术栈和库
- Rust
- Anchor框架
- Typescript(测试)
开发环境和其它网络地址
- DevNet: https://api.devnet.solana.com
- TestNet: https://api.testnet.solana.com
- MainNet: https://api.mainnet-beta.solana
开发环境设置
1.本教程使用的时 DevNet
2.浏览器打开 https://beta.solpg.io/
3.创建项目
4.请求空头
请求空投
Sol程序开发
// ========= Step 1 引用框架
// 1.管理账户的
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
// 2.管理代币的
use anchor_spl::{
associated_token::AssociatedToken, // 处理关联代币账户的功能
metadata::{
create_metadata_accounts_v3, // 创建元数据账户的功能
mpl_token_metadata::types::DataV2, // 元数据的结构体定义
CreateMetadataAccountsV3, // 创建元数据账户的指令结构体
Metadata as Metaplex, // 将 Metadata 重命名为 Metaplex，以便于使用
},
token::{
mint_to, // 铸币功能
Mint, // 代币铸造的结构体
MintTo, // 铸币指令的结构体
Token, // 代币的基本功能
TokenAccount, // 代币账户的结构体
},
};
// 2.加载程序id(自己获取，或者系统生成)
declare_id!("7CR9ATZRxzEmCSM91UkumMJ6b8h5ompMcxTnUKLc8z4e");
// 3.代币主程序
#[program]
mod token_minter {
use super::*;
// 3.1初始化 SPL
pub fn init_token(ctx: Context<InitToken>, metadata: InitTokenParams) -> Result<()> {
let seeds = &["mint".as_bytes(), &[ctx.bumps.mint]];
let signer = [&seeds[..]];
let token_data: DataV2 = DataV2 {
name: metadata.name,
symbol: metadata.symbol,
uri: metadata.uri,
seller_fee_basis_points: 0,
creators: None,
collection: None,
uses: None,
};
let metadata_ctx = CpiContext::new_with_signer(
ctx.accounts.token_metadata_program.to_account_info(),
CreateMetadataAccountsV3 {
payer: ctx.accounts.payer.to_account_info(),
update_authority: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),
metadata: ctx.accounts.metadata.to_account_info(),
mint_authority: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),
system_program: ctx.accounts.system_program.to_account_info(),
rent: ctx.accounts.rent.to_account_info(),
},
&signer,
);
create_metadata_accounts_v3(metadata_ctx, token_data, false, true, None)?;
msg!("Token mint created successfully.");
Ok(())
}
// 3.2 铸造 SPL
pub fn mint_tokens(ctx: Context<MintTokens>, quantity: u64) -> Result<()> {
let seeds = &["mint".as_bytes(), &[ctx.bumps.mint]];
let signer = [&seeds[..]];
mint_to(
CpiContext::new_with_signer(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
MintTo {
authority: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),
to: ctx.accounts.destination.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint.to_account_info(),
},
&signer,
),
quantity,
)?;
Ok(())
}
}
// 4.主程序需要的账户
#[derive(Accounts)]
#[instruction(params: InitTokenParams)]
pub struct InitToken<'info> {
// Metaplex 账户
#[account(mut)]
pub metadata: UncheckedAccount<'info>,
#[account(
init,
seeds = [b"mint"],
bump,
payer = payer,
mint::decimals = params.decimals,
mint::authority = mint,
)]
pub mint: Account<'info, Mint>,
#[account(mut)]
pub payer: Signer<'info>,
pub rent: Sysvar<'info, Rent>,
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
pub token_program: Program<'info, Token>,
pub token_metadata_program: Program<'info, Metaplex>,
}
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct MintTokens<'info> {
#[account(
mut,
seeds = [b"mint"],
bump,
mint::authority = mint,
)]
pub mint: Account<'info, Mint>,
#[account(
init_if_needed,
payer = payer,
associated_token::mint = mint,
associated_token::authority = payer,
)]
pub destination: Account<'info, TokenAccount>,
#[account(mut)]
pub payer: Signer<'info>,
pub rent: Sysvar<'info, Rent>,
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
pub token_program: Program<'info, Token>,
pub associated_token_program: Program<'info, AssociatedToken>,
}
// 5.账户的数据
// 5. 定义init令牌参数
#[derive(AnchorSerialize, AnchorDeserialize, Debug, Clone)]
pub struct InitTokenParams {
pub name: String,
pub symbol: String,
pub uri: String,
pub decimals: u8,
}
部署
部署完成
测试
替换anchor.test.ts内容
describe("Test Minter", () => {
const METADATA_SEED = "metadata";
const TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID = new web3.PublicKey(
"F64uG9fPnEZYZ6G4Nbbuz6D715gYAKw1j71etHLNjHx2"
); // 你的程序 ID，和程序相同
const MINT_SEED = "mint";
// SPL基础信息
const payer = pg.wallet.publicKey;
const metadata = {
name: "My The first token",
symbol: "TFT",
uri: "https://5vfxc4tr6xoy23qefqbj4qx2adzkzapneebanhcalf7myvn5gzja.arweave.net/7UtxcnH13Y1uBCwCnkL6APKsge0hAgacQFl-zFW9NlI",
decimals: 9,
};
const mintAmount = 1000;
const [mint] = web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
[Buffer.from(MINT_SEED)],
pg.PROGRAM_ID
);
const [metadataAddress] = web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(
[
Buffer.from(METADATA_SEED),
TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID.toBuffer(),
mint.toBuffer(),
],
TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID
);
// 测试初始化
it("initialize", async () => {
const info = await pg.connection.getAccountInfo(mint);
if (info) {
return;
}
console.log(" Mint not found. Attempting to initialize.");
const context = {
metadata: metadataAddress,
mint,
payer,
rent: web3.SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,
tokenProgram: anchor.utils.token.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
tokenMetadataProgram: TOKEN_METADATA_PROGRAM_ID,
};
const tx = await pg.program.methods
.initToken(metadata)
.accounts(context)
.transaction();
const txHash = await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(
pg.connection,
tx,
[pg.wallet.keypair],
{ skipPreflight: true }
);
console.log(` https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${txHash}?cluster=devnet`);
const newInfo = await pg.connection.getAccountInfo(mint);
assert(newInfo, " Mint should be initialized.");
});
// 测试铸造
it("mint tokens", async () => {
const destination = await anchor.utils.token.associatedAddress({
mint: mint,
owner: payer,
});
let initialBalance: number;
try {
const balance = await pg.connection.getTokenAccountBalance(destination);
initialBalance = balance.value.uiAmount;
} catch {
// Token account not yet initiated has 0 balance
initialBalance = 0;
}
const context = {
mint,
destination,
payer,
rent: web3.SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
systemProgram: web3.SystemProgram.programId,
tokenProgram: anchor.utils.token.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
associatedTokenProgram: anchor.utils.token.ASSOCIATED_PROGRAM_ID,
};
const txHsh = await pg.program.methods
.mintTokens(new BN(mintAmount * 10 ** metadata.decimals))
.accounts(context)
.signers([pg.wallet.keypair])
.rpc();
// const txHash = await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(
// pg.connection,
// tx,
// [pg.wallet.keypair],
// { skipPreflight: true }
// );
console.log(`mint Hash =>`, txHsh);
const postBalance = (
await pg.connection.getTokenAccountBalance(destination)
).value.uiAmount;
assert.equal(
initialBalance + mintAmount,
postBalance,
"Post balance should equal initial plus mint amount"
);
});
});
铸造
运行测试代码，进行SPL铸造, 记得把密钥导入 Phantom（切换网络）
增发
注释初始化代码，增加第二次SPL铸造
总结
Anchor框架总结
// 1.管理账户的
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
// 管理代币的
use anchor_spl::{
associated_token::AssociatedToken, // 处理关联代币账户的功能
metadata::{
create_metadata_accounts_v3, // 创建元数据账户的功能
mpl_token_metadata::types::DataV2, // 元数据的结构体定义
CreateMetadataAccountsV3, // 创建元数据账户的指令结构体
Metadata as Metaplex, // 将 Metadata 重命名为 Metaplex，以便于使用
},
token::{
mint_to, // 铸币功能
Mint, // 代币铸造的结构体
MintTo, // 铸币指令的结构体
Token, // 代币的基本功能
TokenAccount, // 代币账户的结构体
},
};
