基于C#的GRPC
gRPC(gRPC Remote Procedure Call)是由Google开发的高性能、跨语言的远程过程调用框架。它基于HTTP/2协议进行通信,支持多种编程语言,包括C++, C#, Java, Python等,使不同语言的应用程序可以通过远程调用相互通信。
1.关键特点和用途:
高性能:gRPC采用了HTTP/2协议,具有低延迟、高吞吐量和复用连接的特点。这使得它非常适合于需要高性能通信的应用程序。
跨语言支持:gRPC支持多种编程语言,允许不同语言的应用程序之间进行跨语言通信。这使得它在微服务架构中非常有用,因为不同的服务可以使用不同的编程语言实现。
IDL(Interface Definition Language):gRPC使用ProtoBuf(Protocol Buffers)作为IDL,允许您定义服务接口和消息类型。这提供了强类型的通信,使得通信更加清晰和高效。
多种通信类型:gRPC支持不同类型的通信,包括请求-响应、服务器流、客户端流和双向流。这允许您选择最适合您应用程序需求的通信方式。
自动化代码生成:通过ProtoBuf定义服务接口和消息类型,gRPC工具会自动生成客户端和服务器端的代码,这样可以大大减少开发工作量。
认证和安全:gRPC支持各种认证和安全机制,包括SSL/TLS,OAuth等,以确保通信的安全性。
服务发现:gRPC可以与服务发现工具(如Consul、etcd)集成,从而实现动态服务发现和负载均衡。
可扩展性:gRPC是一个可扩展的框架,支持各种自定义扩展和中间件。
2.GRPC思路
Grpc类似于一种协议,遵循网络通讯,以.proto文件为协议模板进行客户端与服务端的交互开发,不限制客户端和服务端的代码语言风格.也可以在服务端与客户端使用不同的语言开发
3.编写.proto文件
// Protocol Buffers 语法版本 proto3 版本 syntax = "proto3"; // 定义了消息类型和服务的包名,类似于命名空间,用于避免命名冲突。 package Calculator; // 定义了一个 gRPC 服务。在大括号中,您可以列出服务方法的定义。 service CalculatorService { // 定义了一个服务方法。rpc 表示定义一个远程过程调用(RPC)方法。MyMethod 是方法的名称,MyRequest 是输入参数类型,MyResponse 是输出参数类型。 rpc MyMethod (MyRequest) returns (MyResponse); // 服务器流式方法 rpc ServerStreamingMethod(Request1) returns (stream Response1); // 客户端流式方法 rpc ClientStreamingMethod(stream Request2) returns (Response2); // 双向流式方法 rpc BidirectionalStreamingMethod(stream Request3) returns (stream Response3); } message MyRequest { repeated int32 num = 10; } message MyResponse { repeated string strs = 10; } message Request1 { string Message = 1; } message Response1 { string Message = 1; } message Request2 { string Message = 1; } message Response2 { string Message = 1; } message Request3 { string Message = 1; } message Response3 { string Message = 1; }
syntax = "proto3"; package Calculator; import "Protos/Calculator.proto"; service FirstService { rpc MyMethod (MyRequest1) returns (MyResponse); } message MyRequest1 { repeated int32 num = 10; }
多个.proto文件间是可以调用的
4.添加.proto文件生成的文件编写服务端和客户端代码
.proto文件生成的文件位置 添加到客户端和服务端
5.服务端代码
using Calculator; using Grpc.Core; class CalculatorServiceImpl : CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceBase { /// <summary> /// 发布响应 /// </summary> /// <param name="request"></param> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override async Task<MyResponse> MyMethod(MyRequest request, ServerCallContext context) { MyResponse myResponse = new MyResponse(); foreach (int i in request.Num) { myResponse.Strs.Add(i.ToString()); } return myResponse; } /// <summary> /// 服务器流(Server Streaming) /// </summary> /// <param name="request"></param> /// <param name="responseStream"></param> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override async Task ServerStreamingMethod(Request1 request, IServerStreamWriter<Response1> responseStream, ServerCallContext context) { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Response1 response = new Response1 { Message = request.Message + $"Message {i}" }; await responseStream.WriteAsync(response); await Task.Delay(500); // 模拟每秒发送一次数据 } } /// <summary> /// 客户端流(Client Streaming) /// </summary> /// <param name="requestStream"></param> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override async Task<Response2> ClientStreamingMethod(IAsyncStreamReader<Request2> requestStream, ServerCallContext context) { string str = ""; while (requestStream.MoveNext().Result) { str += requestStream.Current.Message; Console.WriteLine(requestStream.Current.Message); } return new Response2 { Message = str }; } /// <summary> /// 双向流(Bidirectional Streaming) /// </summary> /// <param name="requestStream"></param> /// <param name="responseStream"></param> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <returns></returns> public override async Task BidirectionalStreamingMethod(IAsyncStreamReader<Request3> requestStream, IServerStreamWriter<Response3> responseStream, ServerCallContext context) { while (requestStream.MoveNext().Result) { // 处理客户端发送的请求 Console.WriteLine(requestStream.Current.Message); Response3 response = new Response3 { Message = requestStream.Current.Message + "abc" }; await responseStream.WriteAsync(response); // 发送响应 await Task.Delay(500); } } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { const int Port = 50051; Server server = new Server { Services = { CalculatorService.BindService(new CalculatorServiceImpl()) }, Ports = { new ServerPort("localhost", Port, ServerCredentials.Insecure) } }; server.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Calculator server listening on port " + Port); Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop the server..."); Console.ReadKey(); server.ShutdownAsync().Wait(); } }
6.客户端代码
using Calculator; using Grpc.Core; class Program { const string ServerAddress = "localhost"; const int Port = 50051; static void Main(string[] args) { MyMethod(); ServerStreamingMethod(); SelfIncreaseClient(); BidirectionalStreamingMethod(); Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit..."); Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 发布响应 /// </summary> private static void MyMethod() { Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure); var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel); MyRequest myRequest = new MyRequest { Num = { 1, 2, 3, 4 } }; MyResponse myResponse = client.MyMethod(myRequest); Console.WriteLine($"Result: {myResponse.Strs}"); channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait(); } /// <summary> /// 服务器流(Server Streaming) /// </summary> private static void ServerStreamingMethod() { Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure); var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel); Request1 request1 = new Request1 { Message = "ceshi" }; AsyncServerStreamingCall<Response1> response1s = client.ServerStreamingMethod(request1); while (response1s.ResponseStream.MoveNext().Result) { Console.WriteLine(response1s.ResponseStream.Current.Message); } channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait(); } /// <summary> /// 客户端流(Client Streaming) /// </summary> private static async void SelfIncreaseClient() { Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure); var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel); var call = client.SelfIncreaseClient(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { await call.RequestStream.WriteAsync(new Request2() { Message = $"第{i}个" }); await Task.Delay(500); } await call.RequestStream.CompleteAsync(); Console.WriteLine($"Result: {call.ResponseAsync.Result.Message}"); channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait(); } /// <summary> /// 双向流(Bidirectional Streaming) /// </summary> private static async void BidirectionalStreamingMethod() { Channel channel = new Channel($"{ServerAddress}:{Port}", ChannelCredentials.Insecure); var client = new CalculatorService.CalculatorServiceClient(channel); var call = client.BidirectionalStreamingMethod(); for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { // 发送请求 await call.RequestStream.WriteAsync(new Request3 { Message = i.ToString() }); await Task.Delay(500); } await call.RequestStream.CompleteAsync(); while (call.ResponseStream.MoveNext().Result) { // 处理服务器发送的响应 Console.WriteLine(call.ResponseStream.Current.Message); } channel.ShutdownAsync().Wait(); } }
7.Demo示例
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq1084517825/article/details/134272985